Forlì
Forlì
Furlè ( Romagnol) | |
---|---|
Comune di Forlì | |
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 47121-47122 |
Dialing code | 0543 |
Patron saint | Beata Vergine del Fuoco |
Saint day | February 4 |
Website | Official website |
Forlì (
The city is situated along the
Climate
The climate of the area is
Forlì is characterized by hot and sunny summers, with temperatures that can exceed 30 °C (86 °F) and even reach 40 °C (104 °F) during the hottest weeks of the year.
Winters are cool and moist, with frequent fog. Occasionally the warm Sirocco wind blows from the south, bringing warmer temperatures for brief periods.
History
Ancient era
The surroundings of Forlì have been inhabited since the Paleolithic: a site, Ca' Belvedere of Monte Poggiolo, has revealed thousands of chipped flints in strata dated 800,000 years before the present era, which indicates a flint-knapping industry producing sharp-edged tools in a pre-Acheulean phase of the Paleolithic.
Forlì was founded after the Roman conquest of the remaining
Middle Ages
After the collapse of the
By the 9th century the commune had taken control from its bishops, and Forlì was established as an independent Italian city-state, alongside the other communes that signalled the first revival of urban life in Italy. Forlì became a republic for the first time in 889. At this time the city was allied with the Ghibelline factions in the medieval struggles between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, partly as a means of preserving its independence – and the city supported all the Holy Roman Emperors in their campaigns in Italy.[4]
Local competition was involved in the loyalties: in 1241, during Frederick II's struggles with Pope Gregory IX the people of Forlì offered their support to Frederick II during the capture of the rival city, Faenza, and in gratitude, they were granted an addition to their coat-of-arms -the Hohenstaufen eagle.[4]
With the collapse of Hohenstaufen power in 1257, imperial lieutenant
The following year the city's exhausted Senate was forced to cede to papal power and asked Guido to take his leave. The commune soon submitted to a local
Local factions with papal support ousted the family in 1327–29 and again in 1359–75, and at other turns of events the bishops were expelled by the Ordelaffi. Until the
Modern age
The most renowned of the Ordelaffi was Pino III, who held the Signiory of Forlì from 1466 to 1480. Pino was a ruthless lord; nevertheless he enriched the city with new walls and buildings and was a sponsor of the arts. When he died aged 40, under suspicion of poisoning, the situation of Forlì was weakened as factions of Ordelaffi fought one another, until Pope Sixtus IV claimed the signory for his nephew Girolamo Riario. Riario was married to Caterina Sforza, the indomitable Lady of Forlì whose name is associated with the city's last independent history. Forlì was seized in 1488 by the Visconti and in 1499 by Cesare Borgia, after whose death it became more directly subject to the pope than ever before (apart from a short-lived return of the Ordelaffi in 1503–1504).[4]
In June 1796, during the
In the 19th century, Forlì was part of the
Forlì participated considerably during World War I, resulting in it being awarded the "Fulcieri Paolucci De' Calboli " gold medal. Afterwards in the 1920s, Benito Mussolini became actively involved in the local politics, before becoming dictator of Italy — a situation that remained for 20 years before the start of World War II. The war left the city with destroyed monuments and artistic losses, such as the Church of San Biagio , which included frescoes by Melozzo da Forlì. After the war, however, the city experienced a quick economic recovery, entering a new stage of democratic life.[4]
Economy
Forlì is a prosperous agricultural and industrial centre, with manufacture primarily focused on silk, rayon, clothing, machinery, metals, and household appliances. In the city also has seat the Ferretti Group, one of the most famous producers of yachts.
Government
Main sights
Forlì is the location of various buildings of architectural, artistic and historical significance, that include frescoes as part of their decorations. At the heart of the city sits the
Other medieval buildings include the Rocca di Ravaldino, a fortress enlarged in the 14th century by the
The city hosts the Palazzo Hercolani, with decorations dating from the 19th century; containing the artwork La Beata Vergine del Fuoco con i Santi Mercuriale, Pellegrino, Marcolino e Valeriano by Italian painter Pompeo Randi . The Palazzo del Podestà is a civic building which was frescoed by Adolfo de Carolis in the 20th century.
Forlì has parks located in green areas, including the
Territorial subdivisions
Forlì is divided into territorial subdivisions, or frazione.
Villafranca di Forlì
Villafranca di Forlì is a hamlet which a dependency of the municipality of Forlì, located on the north side of the main town, and spans over a territory sided on the west side by the River Montone. The hamlet was the birthplace of Benito Mussolini's mother, Rosa.[8]
An
Other frazioni
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transport
Forlì railway station is on the Bologna–Ancona line. Opened for use in 1926, it replaced the original station, which had been in use since 1861. The passenger building of the original station still stands, about 100 metres (330 ft) west of the present station.
Forlì Airport was closed on 29 March 2013 due to bankruptcy of the company that ran it. After 8 years in March 2021 the airport start functioning again.
In popular culture
- Somerset Maugham's second novel The Making of a Saint (1898) is set in late fifteenth century Forlì under Girolamo Riario.
- The city is featured in the 2009 video game
People
The best-known painter of the
Other notable Forlivese people are:
- Sanremo Festival
- Marco Sabiu, musician and composer
- Ercole Baldini
- Ilario Bandini, constructor of performance sports and race cars
- Pietro Bandini, missionary who worked with Italian American immigrants
- Flavio Biondo, Renaissance historian
- Giovanni Battista Cirri, cellist and composer in the 18th century
- Ignazio Cirri, organist and composer in the 18th century
- Alessandro Cortini, one-half of Modwheelmood and keyboard player in Nine Inch Nails
- Maria Farneti, opera singer
- Forlì (1594–1597)[12]
- Cesare Hercolani
- Peregrino Laziosi
- Saint Peregrine Laziosi
- Pietro Leoni, Catholic priest and Gulag survivor
- Gino Mattarelli, politician
- Geronimo Mercuriali
- Matteo Montaguti, cyclist
- Giovanni Battista Morgagni
- Loris Reggiani, motorcycle road racer
- Girolamo Riario
- Aurelio Saffi
- Caterina Sforza
- Giulietta Simionato, operatic mezzo-soprano
- Vincenzo Sospiri, race car driver
- Nicola Bombacci, Italian Communist who later allied with Benito Mussolini
International relations
Twin towns
Forlì is
- Aveiro, Portugal
- Bourges, France
- Peterborough, U.K.
- Szolnok, Hungary
- Płock, Poland
See also
References
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- Istat
- ^ "Forlì (FC) – Emilia Romagna, Italy". Retrieved 26 February 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Forlì and its historical background". Retrieved 26 February 2010.
- ^ a b "Forlì". New Advent. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
- ^ The Chronicle of Salimbene de Adam, translated by Joseph L. Biard (Binghamton: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, 1986). Excerpted in "Warfare between Bologna and Faenza (1275)". De Re Militari. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ Ashby 1911.
- ISBN 0-9670076-8-2. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
- ^ "VOLA a Forlì – al Flight Simulator Show, la più grande fiera evento dedicata al volo simulato in Italia" (in Italian). Comunicati.net. 30 April 2004. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
- Oath Tech Network Aol Tech. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
- ^ Totilo, Stephen (29 January 2010). "Assassin's Creed II: The Battle of Forli Micro-Review: An Un-Machiavellian Plan". Kotaku. Gizmodo Media Group. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
- ^ Beer, Moses. "ALEXANDER DE FRANCISCIS, HEBRÆUS". Retrieved 1 March 2010.
Further reading
External links
- Forlì, Italia.it
- The Forlì Campus of the University of Bologna
- Almanacco di Forlì, an almanac of the most important events and chronicles of Forlì
- 4Live!: 4Live! Basket Team Forlì
- Ashby, Thomas (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 666.