Form perception
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Form perception is the recognition of visual elements of objects, specifically those to do with shapes, patterns and previously identified important characteristics. An object is perceived by the
Physiology
Form perception is a demanding task for the brain because a retina has a significant blind spot and
In addition to photoreceptors, the eye requires a properly functioning lens, retina, and an undamaged
Development
By five months of age infants are capable of using line junction information to perceive
Dysfunction
Dysfunctions in distinguishing differences in sizes and shapes of objects can have many causes, including
Dysfunctions in form perception occur in several areas that involve visual processing, which is how visual information is interpreted. These dysfunctions have nothing to do with actual vision but rather affect how the brain understands what the eye sees. Problems can occur in the areas of visual closure, visual-spatial relationships, visual memory, and visual tracking. After identifying the specific visual problem that exists, intervention can include eye exercises, work with computer programs, neurotherapy, physical activities, and academic adjustments.[11]
Injury and illness
Potential injuries to the brain include but are not limited to stroke, oxygen deprivation, blunt force trauma, and surgical injuries. When patients have lesions on their brain that develop as a result of injury or illness, such as multiple sclerosis or epilepsy, it is possible that they may have impaired object recognition which can manifest in the form of many different agnosias.[9] Similar deficits have also been observed adults that have suffered blunt force trauma, strokes, severe carbon monoxide poisoning as well as in adults that have surgical damage following removal of tumors.[10] Deficits have also been observed in children with types of epilepsy that do not lead to the formation of lesions.[12] It is believed that in these cases the seizures cause a functional disruption that is capable of interfering with the processing of objects.[12] Regions that specifically lead to deficits in object recognition when a lesion is present include the right lateral fusiform gyrus and the ventrolateral or ventromedial occipito-temporal cortex.[10][12] These structures have all been identified as being crucial to the processing of shape and contour information, which is the basis for object recognition.[10] Although people with damage to these structures are not able to properly recognize objects, they are still capable of discerning the movement of objects.[10] Only lesions in the parietal lobe have been associated with deficits in identifying the location of an object.[13] Although there is strong evidence to support that damage to the above-mentioned areas leads to deficits in object recognition it is important to note that brain damage, regardless of the cause, is typically extensive and present on both halves of the brain, complicating the identification of key structures.[9] Although most damage cannot be undone, there is evidence of reorganization in the unaffected areas of the affected hemisphere, making it possible for patients to regain some function.[9]
Aging
Whether or not visual form learning is retained in older humans is unknown. Studies prove that training causes improvement in form perception in both young and old adults. Learning to integrate local elements is negatively affected by age, however.[14] Advancing age hinders the ability to process stimuli efficiently to identify objects. More specifically, recognizing the most basic visual components of an object takes a lot longer. Since the time it takes to recognize the object-parts is expanded, the recognition of the object itself is also delayed.[15] Recognition of partially blocked objects also slows down as we age In order to recognize an object that is partially obscured we need to make perceptual inferences based on the contours and borders that we can see. This is something that most young adults are able to do, but it slows down with age.[16] In general, aging causes a decrease in the processing capabilities of the central nervous system, which delays the very complex process of form perception.[15]
See also
References
- ^ Tse, P.; Hughes (2004). "Visual Form Perception". The Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. 4.
- PMID 21920851.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ PMID 22325196.
- ^ Changizi, Mark (2010). The Vision Revolution. BenBella Books.
- ^ a b http://cns.bu.edu/~steve/GrossbergFormPerception2007.pdf
- PMID 22238184.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ PMID 22634218.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ http://kellmanlab.psych.ucla.edu/HPL/files/Kellman%20%26%20Short%20-%20Development%20of%203D%20Form%20Perception%20(JEP%201987.pdf
- ^ PMID 21745637.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ PMID 19420252.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ "Visual Processing Disorder and Dyslexia | Behavioural Neurotherapy Clinic".
- ^ PMID 22352401.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - PMID 22574269.
- S2CID 15594215.
- ^ ISBN 0-19-515674-9.
- ^ Danzigera, W.; Salthouseb (1978). "Age and the perception of incomplete figures". Experimental Aging Research. 4 (1).