Forma specialis

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
LifeDomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
The hierarchy of biological classification's eight major taxonomic ranks. Intermediate minor rankings are not shown.

Forma specialis (plural: formae speciales), abbreviated f. sp. (plural ff. spp.) without italics, is an informal

forma or form
.

An example is Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae, which affects oats.[citation needed]

An alternative term in contexts not related to

Podosphaera xanthii race S".[4] A forma specialis is used as part of the infraspecific scientific name (and follows Latin-based scientific naming conventions), inserted after the interpolation "f. sp.", as in the "Puccinia graminis
f. sp. avenae" example.

History, and use with "pathotype"

The forma specialis category was introduced and recommended in the

pathotype as used in bacteriology) by author Syoyo Nishimura[6] who stated:

"[E]ach pathogen should be called a distinct pathotype of A. alternata"[7]

Some authors have subsequently used forma specialis and "pathotype" together for the species A. alternata:

"Currently there are seven pathotypes of A. alternata described ..., but this term is not widely adopted. ... To further standardise the taxonomic terms used, the trinomial system introduced by Rotem (1994)[8] is favoured. When differences in host affinity are observed within the isolates of one ... species, the third epithet, the forma specialis, defines the affinity to this specific host in accordance with the produced toxin causing this affinity. When different toxins are produced on the same host, but these toxins affect different host species, the term pathotype should be used in addition. All isolates which are not confined to specific hosts and / or toxins should retain only the binomial name until such specificity is found."[9]

See also

References

  1. . Chapter I. Article 4.4. Note 4.
  2. ^ Walker, Peter M. B., ed. (2004) [1999]. "Biological form". Chambers Dictionary of Science and Technology. Edinburgh / New Delhi: Chambers Harrap / Allied Chambers. Previously: The Wordsworth Dictionary of Science and Technology. W. R. Chambers / Cambridge U. Pr. 1998.
  3. ^ Walker, Peter M. B., ed. (2004) [1999]. "Biological race". Chambers Dictionary of Science and Technology. Edinburgh / New Delhi: Chambers Harrap / Allied Chambers. Previously: The Wordsworth Dictionary of Science and Technology. W. R. Chambers / Cambridge U. Pr. 1998.
  4. S2CID 27174422
    .