Formication

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Fornication.
Formication
SpecialtyPsychiatry, neurology

Formication is the sensation resembling that of small insects crawling on (or under) the skin, in the absence of actual insects. It is one specific form of a set of sensations known as paresthesias, which also include the more common prickling, tingling sensation known as pins and needles. Formication is a well-documented symptom which has numerous possible causes. The word is derived from formica, the Latin word for ant.

Formication may sometimes be experienced as feelings of

itchiness, tingling, pins and needles, burning, or even pain. When formication is perceived as itchiness, it may trigger the scratch reflex
, and, because of this, some people who experience the sensation are at risk of causing skin damage through excessive scratching.

In some cases, static electricity can attract particulates to the skin and can also cause body hair to move, giving a sensation like insects crawling over the skin.[1] However, in many cases no external trigger creates the sensation.

In rare cases, individuals become convinced the sensation is due to the presence of real insects on or under the skin. Such patients have what is known as

entomologists.[2]

Causes

Causes of formication include normal states such as onset of

SNRI antidepressants and tramadol; and as a side effect of opioid analgesics.[citation needed
]

History

Formication is etymologically derived from the Latin word formica, meaning "ant", precisely because of this similarity in sensation to that of crawling insects. The term has been in use for several hundred years. In the 1797 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, a description of the condition raphania includes the symptom:

...a formication, or sensation as of ants or other small insects creeping on the parts.[5]

Described again in an instructional text from 1890:

A variety of itching, often encountered in the eczema of elderly people, is formication; this is described as exactly like the crawling of myriads of animals over the skin. It is probably due to the successive irritation of nerve fibrils in the skin. At times patients who suffer from it will scarcely be persuaded that it is not due to insects. Yielding to the temptation to scratch invariably makes the disease worse.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ Potter, Mike. "INVISIBLE ITCHES: Insect and Non-Insect Causes". ENTFACT-58. University of Kentucky. Retrieved 2013-12-13.
  2. ^
    doi:10.1093/ae/46.1.17. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2012-10-21.
  3. S2CID 27614110
    .
  4. PMID 21803215
    .
  5. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 1797, p. 260
  6. ^ Jamieson, William Allan (1894) Diseases of the Skin: A Manual for Practitioners and Students. Pentland

External links

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