Formulary (pharmacy)
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A formulary is a list of
Depending on the individual formulary, it may also contain additional clinical information, such as side effects, contraindications, and doses.
By the turn of the millennium, 156 countries had national or provincial essential medicines lists and 135 countries had national treatment.
Australia
In Australia, where there is a public health care system, medications are subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and medications that are available under the PBS and the indications for which they can be obtained under said scheme can be found in at least two places, the PBS webpage[2] and the Australian Medicines Handbook.[citation needed]
Canada
The Prescription Drug List is the national formulary that lists all medical ingredients for human and animal use available with a prescription with the exception of those under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.[3][4] The Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) is the advisory body that evaluates new medical technologies and prescription medication. Based on recommendations the provincial and territorial governments decide whether or not to implement changes to their healthcare system and public drug formularies.[5] Provincial and territorial government provide partial prescription drug coverage and the overall drug payment is a mix of public taxation, private insurance and out-of-pocket expenses.[4][6] Insurance coverage differs regionally, although each public drug coverage plan must meet standards set by the federal government.[6] Regional health authorities are in charge of regulating and providing its residents insurance while the federal government provides insurance for specifically eligible veterans, First Nations, Inuit, Canadian Forces, federal inmates and some refugees.[4][6]
United States
In the US, where a system of quasi-private healthcare is in place, a formulary is a list of prescription drugs available to enrollees, and a tiered formulary provides financial incentives for patients to select lower-cost drugs. For example, under a 3-tier formulary, the first tier typically includes generic drugs with the lowest cost sharing (e.g., 10% coinsurance), the second includes preferred brand-name drugs with higher cost sharing (e.g., 25%), and the third includes non-preferred brand-name drugs with the highest cost-sharing (e.g., 40%).[7]
When used appropriately, formularies can help manage drug costs imposed on the insurance policy.
United Kingdom
In the UK, the
In addition to this, local
As in the United States, the NHS actively encourages prescribing of generic drugs, in order to save more of the budget allocated to them by the
National formulary
A national formulary contains a list of medicines that are approved for prescription throughout the country, indicating which products are interchangeable. It includes key information on the composition, description, selection, prescribing, dispensing and administration of medicines. Those drugs considered less suitable for prescribing are clearly identified.
Examples of national formularies are:
- Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary (APF)
- Österreichisches Arzneibuch (ÖAB), the Austrian national formulary[11]
- British National Formulary (BNF) and British National Formulary for Children (BNFC)
- Farmacotherapeutisch Kompas (FK), the Dutch national formulary
- Formularium Nasional (Fornas), the Indonesian national formulary[12]
- Hrvatska Farmakopeja, the Croatian national formulary[13]
- Japan National Health Insurance Drug Price List
- Pharmaceutical Schedule, New Zealand's publicly funded national formulary[14]
- United States National Formulary, later bought out and merged with the United States Pharmacopeia (USP-NF)
- Farmaceutiska Specialiteter i Sverige (FASS), the Medical Products Agency, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Board and the National Corporation of Pharmacies.[15] Information on interactions is derived from a joint development between the Departmentof Pharmaceutical Biosciences at Uppsala University and the Swedish Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry (LIF).[15]
See also
- Pharmacopoeia – Book containing directions for the identification of compound medicines
- Pharmaceutical policy – Branch of health policy
References
- ^ "Definition of formulary by Medical dictionary". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
- ^ "Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)".
- ^ Canada, Health (2013-05-29). "The Prescription Drug List". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-660-09799-2.
- PMID 33527903.
- ^ PMID 29483027.
- ^ PMID 16050866.
- ^ New York State Department of Health
- PMID 22529401.
- ^ Acri née Lybecker, Kristina M. L. (2018-01-08). The Unintended Consequences of National Pharmacare Programs: The Experiences of Australia, New Zealand, and the UK (Report). Fraser Institute. pp. 6–7.
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) provides recommendations on whether new branded drugs should be covered by the publicly funded NHS.
- ^ "Österreichisches Arzneibuch". BASG (in German). Retrieved 2022-11-22.
- ^ "Formularium Nasional Kendalikan Mutu dan Biaya Pengobatan". Indonesian Ministry of Health (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-03-02.
- ^ "Hrvatska farmakopeja - Hrvatska farmakopeja | Farmakopeja | Lijekovi .: HALMED". .: HALMED (in Croatian). Retrieved 2022-11-22.
- ^ Government, PHARMAC | New Zealand. "About the Pharmaceutical Schedule". Pharmac | New Zealand Government. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
- ^ a b c FASS – the Swedish Medicines Information Engine Archived 2007-10-23 at the Wayback Machine information booklet from The Swedish Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry (LIF). Updated 2008
External links
- A National Formulary for Canada, Department of Economics, University of Calgary, 2005 (archived 6 July 2011)
- The Kazakhstan National Formulary (archived 27 March 2022)