Fort (Colombo)
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Fort
කොටුව கோட்டை | ||
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Postal Code 00100 [1] |
Fort (Colombo) (Sinhala: කොටුව; Tamil: கோட்டை) is the central business district of
History
Known as Kolonthota, the area became notable as the site of the first landings of the Portuguese in the early 16th century and became one of their trading posts in the island. The Portuguese developed their trading post into a fortified base and harbour to extend their control of the interior of the island.
A detailed account of the first Portuguese settlement and fort can be found in the 1681 journal of Captain João Ribeyro;[2]
"Colombo was at first only a factory palisaded round about; it was soon made more extensive, a small fort was built and at length it became a very pretty agreeable little town, with twelve bastions and an esplanade. For a long time the walls were only of taipa singella with a ditch which joined a lake and that lake shut in one third of the town on the land side; there were always 237 guns mounted, of from 10 to 36 lbs caliber. The town fronted a bay capable of containing a great number of small ships but they were always exposed to the north-wind; it was 1300 paces in circumference. Where the reef ran out, there was a small battery with a heavy piece of artillery which commanded the whole of the bay. The southern part of the town lay entirely open, being well defended on that side by the same reef."
Of the population, it is mentioned that 900 noble families and about 1500 of lesser citizens resided at the time in Colombo. The town's religious missions are said to have been numerous; from several of Our Lady's, St. Lawrence's, Cordeliers, Dominican, Augustine, Capuchin, House of Mercy to a hospital.[3]
The fort was besieged several times during the
Following the British acquiring control of the Dutch-controlled areas on the coast of the island, the fort became the center of its administration. In 1815 with Kandyan Convention, Colombo became the capital of the entire island.[5] The walls of the fort to the north, east and south were demolished between 1869 and 1871 as the fort was obsolete and to make room for new military barracks (the Echelon Barracks).[4] The ramparts or walls of the fort were also considered an obstruction to planned urban development in the area.[6] Dutch buildings were also demolished and were replaced by British-style architecture.[7]
Although the ramparts were taken down, the area remained to be called the Fort. Many buildings in the fort area were home to the British administration on the island and as more legislative responsibilities were transferred to the Ceylonese, it became the site of the
Remains
There are a number of locations which contain the remains of the fort and its ramparts. These include the Delft Gate, located within the Commercial House along Bristol Street.[8] The Delft Gate was one of the three main entrances into the fort, the others being the Galle Gate in the south and the Water Gate to the harbour. The Delft Gate was located on the eastern ramparts between the bastions of Delft and Hoorn. The remains of the wall that enclosed the Battenburg Battery can be found inside the harbour area. The Battenburg Battery was one of the two gun batteries built by the Dutch to cover the approach from the sea. A warehouse, known as a Pakhuis, which linked the fort and the outer defenses and was fortified with thick masonry in order to withstand bombardment from the sea also still remains. It currently houses the Colombo Maritime Museum. There is also a section of the wall from Enkhuysen Bastion to Dan Briel Bastion that still exists. A section of the rampart wall, the bastion Dan Briel, a modest bastion located between the Enkhuysen and the Battenburg Batteries, as well as a postern gate, known as the Slave Port, still exist within the grounds of SLNS Parakrama.[9]
Buildings and landmarks
The fort area is a mixture of buildings from many eras of the cities past. The most notable of residences of the fort is the
Fort is home to the head offices of many banks and business, hence it is considered the financial district of Colombo. These banks include the
The northern part of the fort area makes up the southern parameter of the
Streets
North - South streets
- Chaithya Road (formerly Marine Drive)
- Galle Buck Road
- Flagstaff Street
- Janadhipathi Mawatha (formerly Queens Street)
- Hospital Lane
- York Street
- York Arcade Road
- Bristol Street
- Duke Street
- Lotus Road
East - West streets
- Lotus Road
- Regal Terrace
- Bank of Ceylon Mawatha
- Chatham Street
- Canal Row
- Hospital Street
- Mudalige Mawatha (formerly Baille Street)
- Sir Baron Jayathilaka Mawatha (formerly Prince Street)
- Church Street
- Leyden Bastian Road
- Colombo Port Main Road
Squares
- Echelon Square
- Republic Square
Diplomatic missions
- Consulate of Denmark
- Consulate of Spain
- High Commission of Seychelles
- Consulate of Latvia
- Consulate of Lithuania
See also
- Colombo Lighthouse
- Old Colombo Lighthouse
- Echelon Barracks
- St. Peter's Church, Colombo
- Cargills Building
- Old Colombo Dutch Hospital
References
- ^ "Postal Code of Fort None". 2012-05-30. Archived from the original on 2012-05-30. Retrieved 2023-04-23.
- ^ Ribeyro, João (1681). "History of Ceylon". History of Ceylon. I: 45 – via Google Books.
- ^ Ribeyro, Joao (1681). "History of Ceylon". History of Ceylon. I: 45 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b Mendis, Chryshane (2017). "The Fortress of Colombo: from the Portuguese and Dutch to the British". FORT, the International Journal of Fortifications and Military Architecture. 45: 56–69.
- ^ http://www.lankainfo.com/travelinformation/colombofort.htm
- ^ "The Forgotten Fort of Colombo". 12 February 2017.
- ^ "Colombo Fort". Archived from the original on 2009-04-18. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
- ^ Illustrations and Views of Dutch Ceylon 1602-1796
- ^ Mendis, Chryshane (2017). "The Fortress of Colombo: what else remains". archaeology.lk.
External links
- Official website of the Colombo Municipal Council