Fort Assumption

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Fort Assumption
Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville
Garrison1,200
Location of Fort Assumption on a 1743 map

Fort Assumption (or Fort De L'Assomption) was a French fortification constructed in 1739 on the fourth Chickasaw Bluff on the Mississippi River in Shelby County, present day Memphis, Tennessee. The fort was used as a base against the Chickasaw in the unsuccessful Indian-removal Campaign of 1739.

History

In 1739,

holy day. The French stronghold consisted of three bastions facing the land and two bastions fronting the Mississippi River. On the slope from the river to the top of the Bluff seven wide terraces protected from attacks.[4] During the winter of 1739/40, the garrison was plagued by "weather, disease, desertion and drunkenness". The Chickasaw had taken French hostages during the eradication campaign, the hostages were released on March 20, 1740, after negotiations. On March 31, 1740, the discouraged and exhausted French troops were withdrawn and the fortification was abandoned by the French army. Although the French presence on the fourth Chickasaw Bluff only lasted for a few months, the area was claimed by France for eighty years.[1]

Some historical research indicates that Fort Assumption could have been built on or near the site of an earlier French stockade fortification, Fort Prudhomme. Cavelier de La Salle's canoe expedition of the Mississippi River Delta constructed Fort Prudhomme in 1682.[5]

Location

Fort Assumption was located at 35.122°N 90.074°W, on the banks of the Mississippi River in what is now downtown Memphis.[6]

Significance

The fort was destroyed in the spring of 1740 after the campaign was deemed a failure.

Louis XV to sign the Treaty of Fontainebleau,[1]
in which France forfeited their territory in Louisiana to Spain, as Louis XV was frustrated with the country's inability to rid the area of its native inhabitance.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Randal Rust. "Fort Assumption". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
  2. ^ Pierson, Uriah (1856). James' River Guide. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.P. James. pp. 33–36.
  3. ^ "Early Memphis". www.memphis.edu. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
  4. ^ a b Patrick, James; Tomlan, Michael (1990). Architecture in Tennessee, 1768-1897. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press. p. 56.
  5. ^ Phelan, James (1888). History of Tennessee; the making of a state. University of Virginia. Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company.
  6. ^ "35°07'19.2"N 90°04'26.4"W". 35°07'19.2"N 90°04'26.4"W. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
  7. ^ "Fort Assumption led to Memphis' location". La Grande Louisiane française. 2018-12-06. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
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