Fort Bliss

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For the film, see Fort Bliss (film).

Fort Bliss
Part of Army Forces Command (FORSCOM)
El Paso County, Texas and Doña Ana / Otero counties, New Mexico, Southwestern United States
A 1-37AR, 1st Armored Division Abrams tank crew on Fort Bliss' Orogrande Range Camp in 2019.
Fort Bliss is located in Texas
Fort Bliss
Fort Bliss
Location of Fort Bliss
Fort Bliss is located in the United States
Fort Bliss
Fort Bliss
Fort Bliss (the United States)
Coordinates31°48′07″N 106°25′29″W / 31.801847°N 106.424608°W / 31.801847; -106.424608
TypeMilitary base
Site information
Controlled by United States (1849–1861)
 Confederate States (1861–1862)
 United States (1862 – present)
Facilities[1]Biggs Army Airfield

McGregor Range
Doña Ana Range
North Training Area

South Training Area
Site history
Built1849–1893[2]
In use1849–present[3]
Garrison information
Current
commander		MG James P. Isenhower III
Past
commanders		John J. Pershing
Garrison 1st Armored Division

15th Sustainment Brigade

402nd Field Artillery Brigade
5th Armored Brigade
32nd Army Air and Missile Defense Command
11th Air Defense Artillery Brigade
86th Expeditionary Signal Battalion
Joint Task Force North

German Air Force Command USA/CAN

German Air Force Air Defense Center[4][5]
OccupantsDCG:
  • Maneuver: Brigadier (UK) Richard Bell
  • Operations: BG Michael J. Simmering
  • Support: COL Alric L. Francis

Fort Bliss is a

Continental United States, used for missile and artillery training and testing, and at 992,000 acres boasts the largest maneuver area (ahead of the National Training Center, which has 642,000 acres).[1] The garrison's land area is accounted at 1.12 million acres, ranging to the boundaries of the Lincoln National Forest and White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico.[7] Fort Bliss also includes the Castner Range National Monument
.

Units

Fort Bliss is home to the

Army Futures Command
.

1st Armored Division

1st Armored Division units include: 1st Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division ("Ready First") is prepared to deploy, conduct decisive and sustainable land operations in support of a division, Joint Task Force, or Multinational Force. The Brigade will be trained and ready to conduct decisive action as part of Combined Arms Maneuver or Wide Area Security operations IOT disrupt or destroy enemy military forces, control land, and be prepared to conduct combat operations to protect U.S. national interests.

2nd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division ("Strike") is prepared to deploy, conduct decisive and sustainable land operations in support of a division, Joint Task Force, or Multinational Force. The Brigade will be trained and ready to conduct decisive action as part of Combined Arms Maneuver or Wide Area Security operations IOT disrupt or destroy enemy military forces, control land, and be prepared to conduct combat operations to protect U.S. national interests.

3rd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division ("Bulldog") is prepared to deploy, conduct decisive and sustainable land operations in support of a division, Joint Task Force, or Multinational Force. The Brigade will be trained and ready to conduct decisive action as part of Combined Arms Maneuver or Wide Area Security operations IOT disrupt or destroy enemy military forces, control land, and be prepared to conduct combat operations to protect U.S. national interests.

1st Armored Division Combat Aviation Brigade ("Iron Eagles") conducts aviation operations to support geographic combatant commanders conducting unified land operations.

1st Armored Division Artillery ("Iron Steel") provides direct support, precision strike, and Joint Fires capability to the 1st Armored Division for Unified Land Operations in support of the Division's contingency operations. 1AD DIVARTY provides trained and ready fire support forces and assists BCT Commanders in training their fire support systems.

1st Armored Division Sustainment ("Muleskinners") provides mission command of assigned, attached, and OPCON Echelons above Brigade sustainment units and synchronize distribution and sustainment operations in support of 1st Armored Division, and other aligned units. On order, rapidly deploy to designated contingency areas; receive, integrate, and provide mission command of sustainment units providing operational and tactical sustainment; and perform theater opening, theater distribution, and sustainment operations in support of Unified Land Operations.

Additional units/agencies

The NCO Leadership Center of Excellence (NCOL CoE): Academic institution for noncommissioned officers aligned under Army University and the Combined Arms Command, with additional reporting to Training and Doctrine Command. Provides professional military education to DoD and allied noncommissioned officers.

The United States Army Sergeants Major Academy (USASMA) was accredited as a branch campus of the Command and General Staff College (CGSC) in 2018.[9] CGSC Combined Arms Center Execution Order, dated 21 March 2018, made USASMA the 4th campus of CGSC. On 21 June 2019 USASMA Class 69 became the first students from the Sergeants Major Course to earn Bachelors of Arts in Leadership and Workforce Development (Staff College) through USASMA.[9] The accreditation process took 10 years, beginning with the last officer commandant, Col. Donald E. Gentry.[9]

The

11th Air Defense Artillery Brigade: Known as the "Imperial" Brigade, it strategically deploys combat ready units globally in support of the 32nd AAMDC to conduct joint and combined air and missile defense operations in order to protect the Combatant Commander's critical priorities. O/O, conducts reset and training of Patriot, Avenger Iron Dome, and Terminal High Altitude Area Defense
(THAAD) units.

William Beaumont Army Medical Center (WBAMC)

The 5th Armored Brigade: The brigade plans, coordinates, synchronizes, and supports the pre/post mobilization training and demobilization of Army National Guard and United States Army Reserve units in order to provide trained and ready forces for worldwide contingencies. On order, deploys exportable OC/T teams in support of the Army Total Force Policy.

The Fort Bliss Mobilization Brigade: The brigade provides all administrative and logistical aspects of Title 10 support to mobilizing/demobilizing units. Act as focal point for installation support and quality of life issues. Coordinate requirements and integrate mobilization support. Provides personnel and logistical readiness validation input.

The CONUS Replacement Center: CRC receives, processes, equips, and conducts Theater Specific Individual Requirements Training (TSIRT) for military Non Unit Related Personnel (NRP), Department of Defense (DoD) Civilians, and Non Logistics Civil Augmentation Program (Non LOGCAP) Contactors deploying to and redeploying from theaters of operations in support of overseas contingency operations.

The Army Field Support Battalion (AFSBn): AFSBn is responsible for enhancing the readiness of Active, Reserve and National Guard units and continuously synchronizing the distribution of sustainment materiel and force projection at the Installation and field level in order to support the Materiel Enterprise and combat readiness of supported units and contingency operations.

The Network Enterprise Command: This unit defends the security of the Army Global Network Construct, provides transparent[clarification needed] delivery of Command, Control, Communications and Computer (C4) Information Technology (IT services to customers).

The Civilian Personnel Advisory Center (CPAC) -- Desert Mountain: CPAC is responsible for assisting customers in recruiting, developing and sustaining a professional civilian workforce through human resource products[clarification needed] and advisory services.

The headquarters for the El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC), a federal tactical operational intelligence center, is hosted at Fort Bliss. Its DoD (United States Department of Defense) counterpart, Joint Task Force North, is at Biggs Army Airfield. Biggs Field, a military airport[10] located at Fort Bliss, is designated a military power projection platform.[11]

Richardson, McKavett, Clark, McIntosh, Inge, and Phantom Hill in Texas, and Fort Sill in Oklahoma.[12] There were "sub posts or intermediate stations" including Bothwick's Station on Salt Creek between Fort Richardson and Fort Belknap, Camp Wichita near Buffalo Springs between Fort Richardson and Red River Station, and Mountain Pass between Fort Concho and Fort Griffin.[13]

Infrastructure

  • DoD's second largest installation at 1.12M acres; abuts the largest, White Sands Missile Range
  • Maneuver acreage (heavy and light): 924,640.2 acres
  • Only Digital Air Ground Integration Range (DAGIR) built to full Army specifications
  • Longest runway in the Army, 8th in DoD
  • Major trauma center (plus the new
    WBAMC
    )
  • One of the largest single solar residential community in the continental US (4K+ homes) with potential to expand
  • Total building gross square footage (GSF) (less housing): 24,499,406 SF; 2,139 total buildings

History

Early locations

Post opposite El Paso del Norte (1849–1854)

Fort Bliss in 1885. Photo courtesy of SMU.
Fort Bliss 100th Anniversary Issue of 1948

In 1846,

forty-niners.[14]: 17  Van Horne also had nominal command of the Post at San Elizario, the former Presidio of San Elizario, seventeen miles downstream from El Paso del Norte.[14]: 9, 17  With constant Indian raids, garrisons had to be moved frequently to meet the shifting threats. In September 1851, the Post Opposite El Paso and the Post at San Elizario were closed, the soldiers moved 40 miles (64 km) north to Fort Fillmore.[14]
: 20–21 

Post of El Paso (1854), Fort Bliss, (1854–1868)

On 11 January 1854, Companies B, E, I and K of the

Secretary of War Jefferson Davis.[14]: 23 [16] The post was named 'Fort Bliss' on 8 March 1854[14]: 23  in honor of Lt. Col. William Wallace Smith Bliss
, a veteran of the Mexican War (1846-1848) who was cited for gallantry in action.

There it remained for the next 14 years, serving as a base for troops guarding the area against Apache attacks. Until 1861 most of these troops were units of the 8th Infantry Regiment.

James H. Carleton advanced from California.[14]: 30  The Californians maintained an irregular garrison at Fort Bliss until 1865, when 5th Infantry units arrived to reestablish the post; these were subsequently relieved by the 25th Infantry, Buffalo Soldiers, on 12 August 1866, followed by the 35th Infantry two months later.[14]
: 33, 35 

Camp Concordia (1868–1876)

After May 1867 Rio Grande flooding seriously damaged the Magoffinsville post, Fort Bliss was moved to a site called 'Camp Concordia' in March 1868.[14]: 35  Camp Concordia's location was immediately south of what is now Interstate 10, across from Concordia Cemetery in El Paso. The Rio Grande was about a mile south of the camp at that time; water was hauled daily by mule team to the camp. On 11 March 1869 the old name of Fort Bliss was resumed.[14]: 36  Water, heating, and sanitation facilities were at a minimum in the adobe buildings of the fort; records reveal that troops suffered severely from dysentery and malaria and that supplies arrived irregularly over the Santa Fe Trail by wagon train. The Concordia post was abandoned in January 1877,[14]: 36  and after troops left in January, El Paso was without a garrison for more than a year. By that time, the town and its environs on the north side of the river had swelled to a population of almost 800.

Hart's Mill (1878–1893)

Aerial view of Fort Bliss, 1968, with Northeast El Paso in background

On New Year's Day,1878,[14]: 36  Fort Bliss was established as a permanent post; the Company L Buffalo Soldiers of the Ninth Cavalry and Company C of the 15th Infantry, were sent to Fort Bliss to prevent further trouble over the salt beds and the usage of Rio Grande water for irrigation purposes.[14]: 36, 39  Prior to this date, the government had had a policy of simply leasing property for its military installations. Now, however, a tract of 135 acres (0.55 km2) was purchased at Hart's Mill on the river's edge in the Pass, near what is today the UTEP. With a $40,000 appropriation, a building program was begun. The first railroad arrived in 1881, and tracks were laid across the military reservation, thereby solving the supply problems for the fort and the rapidly growing town of El Paso. By 1890, Hart's Mill had outlived its usefulness, and Congress appropriated $150,000 for construction of a military installation[14]: 50  on the mesa approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) east of El Paso's 1890 city limits. Although no money was appropriated for the land, $8,250 was easily raised by the local residents, who realized the economic benefit to the area.[20]

Ruhlen's 1893 buildings (currently offices) still stand at Fort Bliss, as do the officers' quarters.

Present site (1893–today)

The present site of Fort Bliss on La Noria mesa,[21] was laid out by Captain John Ruhlen from 1891 to 1892 and was first occupied by four companies of the 18th Infantry in October 1893.[14]: 50 [22]

Pershing expedition

Pershing's camp at the western edge of the present-day Fort Bliss area, 1916

In January 1914, John J. Pershing arrived[23] in El Paso to take command of the Army 8th Brigade that was stationed at Fort Bliss. At the time, the Mexican Revolution was underway in Mexico, and the 8th Brigade had been assigned the task of securing the Mexico–United States border. In March 1915, under the command of General Frederick Funston, Pershing led the 8th Brigade on the failed 1916–1917 Punitive Expedition into Mexico in search of outlaw Pancho Villa.[24]

On Friday, 11 March 2016, members of the 2nd Squadron, 13th Cavalry Regiment, (3rd BCT, 1st Armored Division, Fort Bliss) conducted a

Pancho Villa State Park, NM, the former site of Camp Furlong, 2nd Squadron's billet in 1915. They reviewed the terrain of the 9 March 1916 raid by Pancho Villa's forces on the unit 100 years before. 2nd Squadron then participated in a parade with reenactors, and Roll Call of the fallen.[25]

During this time, the

1st Aero Squadron
, the U.S. Army's first tactical unit equipped with airplanes.

World War I and postwar

As

National Army of World War I
.

From 10 December 1917 – 12 May 1918, the wartime 15th Cavalry Division existed at Fort Bliss. Similarly, the Headquarters, 2nd Cavalry Brigade was initially activated at Fort Bliss on 10 December 1917 and then deactivated in July 1919, but then reactivated at Fort Bliss on 31 August 1920. Predominantly a cavalry post since 1912, Fort Bliss acquired three light armored cars, eight medium armored cars, two motorcycles, and two trucks on 8 November 1928.[14]

World War II and postwar

During

Camp Davis to Fort Bliss to make the training of anti-aircraft gunners easier, and they became the dominant force at Fort Bliss following the departure of the U.S. 1st Cavalry Division.[14] On 15 September 1942, the War Dept. made space available for handling up to 1,350 POWs, while POW camps could be constructed.[26] During the war, the base was used to hold approximately 91 German and Italian Americans and Japanese from Hawaii (then a territory), who were arrested as potential fifth columnists but, in most cases, denied due process.[27]

White Sands Proving Grounds)[28]

By February 1946, over 100

Hermes B2 ramjet work that had begun at Fort Bliss.[32]

In late 1953 after troops had been trained at the Ft Bliss Guided Missile School, field-firing operations of the MGM-5 Corporal were underway at Red Canyon Range Camp, WSPG.[33]: 263  In April 1950, the 1st Guided Missile Group named the Republic-Ford JB-2 the ARMY LOON.[33]: 249 

Cold War

Fort Bliss facility map of main area in 1974

Fort Bliss trained thousands of U.S. Soldiers during the

Nike Ajax, Nike Hercules, Hawk, Sprint, Chaparral, and Redeye missiles.[14][36] Fort Bliss took on the important role of providing a large area for troops to conduct live fire exercises
with the missiles.

Because of the large number of Army personnel enrolled in the air defense school, Fort Bliss saw two large rounds of construction in 1954 and 1958. The former was aimed at creating more barracks facilities, while the latter was aimed at building new classrooms, materials labs, a radar park, and a missile laboratory.[14] Between 1953 and 1957 the Army also expanded McGregor Range in an effort to accommodate live fire exercises of the new missile systems.[14] Throughout the Cold War Fort Bliss remained a premier site for testing anti-aircraft equipment.

Fort Bliss was used as the Desert Stage of the

Dugway Proving Grounds in Utah
. The deserts of Utah proved to be unsuitable so the 7th Ranger Training Battalion was returned to Fort Bliss from 1991 until the Ranger School's Desert Phase was discontinued in 1995.

While the

MOS
88M).

A U.S. Patriot Missile fires from its launch canister

Base realignment and closure

In 1995, the Department of Defense recommended that the

El Paso
was designated the Patriot Freeway.

War on terror

After the

War in Afghanistan (2001–present) in 2001 Fort Bliss began training Afghan security forces at the U.S. Army Sergeants Major Academy
at Fort Bliss, with the hope that these newly trained soldiers would eventually be able to take control of their own national security.

Base Realignment and Closure, 2005

See also:
Base Realignment and Closure, 2005

In 2005, the Pentagon recommended transforming Fort Bliss into a heavy armor training post, to include approximately 11,500 new troops from the

Fort Hood.[37] An estimated 15,918 military jobs and 384 civilian jobs were planned to be transferred to Fort Bliss, brought the total number of troops stationed at Fort Bliss under this alignment to a total of 33,500 by 2012.[38] Officials from Fort Bliss and the City of El Paso were thrilled with the decision; the general mood of the city government was perfectly captured by 14 May edition of the El Paso Times, which boldly proclaimed "BLISS WINS BIG".[39]

According to Senator Eliot Shapleigh, the BRAC commission considered three primary factors to make its decision: The military value of Fort Bliss, the potential for other branches of the armed service to use a post as large as Fort Bliss, and the lack of urban encroachment around Fort Bliss that would otherwise hinder its growth.[37] The arrival of the 11,500 troops from the 1st Armored Division is also expected to create some 20,196 direct and indirect military and civilian jobs in El Paso. According to the Department of Defense, this is the largest net gain in the United States tied to the Base Realignment and Closure recommendations. Of the 20,196 new jobs expected to come to El Paso as a result of Bliss's realignment 9,000 would be indirect civilian jobs created by the influx of soldiers to the "Sun City". When the BRAC commission recommendations were released Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison's spokesman reported that El Paso was the only area that came out with a major gain of forces.[40]

The news that El Paso had been selected to receive major elements of the 1st Armored Division was met with joy, but at the same time many expressed surprise at the panel's recommendation to transfer the Air Defense Artillery School,

Fort Sill, Oklahoma. The entire transfer of soldiers to and from Fort Bliss was completed no later than 15 September 2011.[1]

On 25 June 2009, authority over the post was shifted from

Forces Command.[42]

Building 500 area of Fort Bliss, 2007

Description

Among Fort Bliss's missions:

  • Home of America's Tank Division, 1st AD (One of 10 active divisions in the Army)
  • Largest Joint Mobilization Force Generation Installation (JMFGI) in DoD (FY19: over 72K): 49K MOB/DeMOB/CRC; 23K Pre Mobilization Exercise Training (PMET)
  • One of the largest Power Projection Platforms in the Army
  • Home to the Army's ONLY CONUS Replacement Center (CRC)
  • Interagency operations: El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC), Joint Task Force North (JTF-N), Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
  • Joint Modernization Command (JMC)(Futures Command) conducts Joint Warfighter Assessments/Enhance Multi-Domain C2/Informs Army Modernization
  • Ability to fire any weapon (pistol to missile)
  • Provide anti-aircraft and missile defense capabilities.
  • Conduct live fire exercises of nearly every type of Army weapon.
  • Host joint military exercises with other U.S. and foreign units,[43]
  • Be home to many maintenance crews and supply units.
  • Be one of the Army's premier bases for test-driving tanks and other equipment.
  • House thousands of military vehicles, including all the equipment needed to set up
    Patriot missile
    sites.
  • Hosted the USAADCEN Air Defense Artillery Center from 1942 to 2010. USAADCEN has completed its transfer to Fort Sill. Concomitantly, the German Air Force Air Defense school is going to move to new training facilities in Germany and Greece.[44] In 2013, the German Air Force deactivated its presence at Fort Bliss, while retaining a presence at Holloman Air Force Base; over the previous 47 years, over 50,000 German Airmen received training at this command.[45] In 2015, due to funding constraints on the planned new facilities in Europe, the German Air Force Air Defense school will stay open at Fort Bliss until 2020.[46]
  • Monitor missile launches conducted by White Sands Missile Range, located 70 miles (110 km) to the north, in New Mexico.
  • Host the CONUS Replacement Center (CRC), the unit-level training site for Soldiers, Sailors, and Airmen who are deploying or re-deploying on an individual basis. This CRC consolidates several other centers and now serves the entire Continental United States (CONUS).[47]
  • A secured drone airfield, with a separate 5000 foot runway and dedicated hangar, 20–25 miles north of the main post is under construction, with completion expected by 2016.
    MQ-1C
    Gray Eagles for First Armored Division.

Training missions are supported by the McGregor Range Complex, located some 25 miles (40 km) to the northeast of the main post, in New Mexico. Most of Fort Bliss lies in the state of New Mexico, stretching northeastward along U.S. Route 54 from El Paso County, Texas to the southern boundary of the Lincoln National Forest in Otero County, New Mexico; in addition, much of the northwestward side of Highway 54 is part of the Fort Bliss Military Reservation, ranging from the northern side of Chaparral, New Mexico to the southern boundary of White Sands Missile Range;[49] the main facilities are within the city limits of El Paso, Texas. According to the city zoning map, the post officially resides in Central El Paso.

Fort Bliss K-12 Schools
Bliss Elementary
Logan Elementary
Milam Elementary
Colin Powell Elementary
Chapin High[50]

Separate from the main post are the

Omar N. Bradley in his last days. A new warrior transition complex, located at Marshall and Cassidy roads, was opened in June 2011 to replace the older facility serving the warrior transition battalion. A new location for William Beaumont Army Medical Center, to be located at Spur 601 and Loop 375, is now rescheduled to be completed in September 2019.[51]

The installation is also close to the El Paso Airport (with easy access from the post via Buffalo Soldier Road),[52] Highway 54, and Interstate 10. There is a replica of the Magoffinsville site for Fort Bliss on post, simulating the adobe style of construction.[53] Other items of interest include the Buffalo Soldier memorial statue at the Buffalo Soldier Gate of entry to the post, and a missile museum on Pleasanton Road.

The walls of the old Fort Bliss Officers Club contain adobe bricks that are more than a century old. The building houses a Family Readiness Group, where new personnel can learn about the post's activities and support groups. The Fort Bliss Welcome center, for new arrivals, is nearby, in the Building 500 area.

Fort Bliss has been designated a "No Drone Zone" by the FAA, out to 400 feet beyond the lateral edges of the military reservation. This is enforced by the Military Police.[54] Counter-UAS training is available on-post.[55]

Local impact

Fort Bliss Soldier running up McKelligon Canyon for PT

Fort Bliss is the single largest employer in the area supporting a total of 167,358 people with an estimated annual contribution of approximately 25.6 billion.

Fort Bliss is located among a population of more than 2.5M ("Three States, Two Nations").

Fort Bliss has assisted El Paso during local disasters. In 1897, and again in 1925, the fort provided food and housing to those displaced by flood waters.[14] In 2006, Fort Bliss dispatched soldiers and helicopters to the flood-affected areas to help with rescue efforts there.[56] The flooding of El Paso in 2013 and 2014 were not met with this type of official response.

As of July 2010, electric power consumption at Fort Bliss had been reduced by three megawatts as the base continues to work towards becoming a "net zero" energy installation.[57] In April 2013, Major General Dana J.H. Pittard, USA, announced a $120 million project to be completed by 2015, consisting of the largest solar farm within the U.S. military.[58][59]

A joint study by Fort Bliss and El Paso-area city governments found that desalination was a viable method for increasing El Paso's water supply by 25%.[60] The Kay Bailey Hutchison Desalination Plant, on Montana Avenue, is located on Fort Bliss property, and desalinates the groundwater of the Hueco Bolson for use by El Paso and Fort Bliss. This reverse-osmosis plant protects the fresh groundwater supplies from invasion by more brackish water.[61] This plant is currently the largest non-seawater desalination plant in the world.[62]

In 2010, with the assumption of command by Major General Dana J.H. Pittard, a local that grew up in El Paso, Fort Bliss was made an "open post" which allowed anyone with a valid driver's license to enter the post.[63] As of 2015 Fort Bliss is no longer an open post. In 2020, 1st Armored Division's Operations Research and Systems Analysis officer (ORSA) created a COVID-19 progression rate model for the division; this model was also used by the COVID-19 task force for the City of El Paso.[64]

Fort Bliss archaeologists manage 20,000 sites on the 1.12 million acre reservation, and serve as tribal liaison to seven federally-funded Indian tribes.[65] The Hueco Tanks historic site in El Paso county is adjacent to the military reservation. Cultural liaison with the tribes at the sacred sites of the reservation is an annual event.[65]

Geography

Aerial view of El Paso with Fort Bliss's Armstrong Polo Field in the center. The Pershing Dam flood-control project floods the field when there is storm runoff.
Location of the census-designated place in El Paso County

The Fort Bliss

United States physiographic region, it is a southern part of the Basin and Range Province
.

Bunker 11507

An investigation into above-ground dirt-covered bunkers located on the military reservation was opened in June 2013. These former nuclear weapons bunkers were used by the Air Force during the Cold War, when Biggs Air Force Base was a SAC base. Low level radiation was detected in Bunker 11507. The bunker interiors were previously painted with epoxy paint to contain the radiation, and the paint has now chipped. The radiation contamination is confined to the area around the bunker. The area was closed on 11 July 2013.[67]

Demographics

As of the census

Latino
of any race were 23.5% of the population.

Of the persons living there 12.4% were under the age of 5, 33.8% were under the age of 18 and 0.1% were over the age of 65. The precentage of woman lays at 38.2%. The average household size was 3.82.

The median income for a household on the post was $57,283. The per capita income for the post was $22,181. About 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line.

Education

Fort Bliss is within the El Paso Independent School District.[69]

Bliss Elementary School is inside Fort Bliss,[70] serving family housing areas on the main post.[71] Milam Elementary School is in the Aero Vista development on Fort Bliss.[72] Residents zoned to Bliss Elementary are zoned to Bassett Middle School and Captain John L. Chapin High School. Residents zoned to Milam are zoned to Ross Middle School and Austin High School.[71]

The Bundeswehr maintains a school for German national children at Fort Bliss.[73] The grade 1–12 school was established circa 1976, and as of 2016 had 55 students.[74]

Museums and historic preservation

Noel Parade Field,[75] West Fort Bliss. Franklin Mountains in the background.

The Replica Museum is located next to the Noel Parade Field and depicts the Post at the Magoffinsville site. This five building museum was authentically constructed with

saddlery
, and a pottery kiln. The museum depicts the story of Fort Bliss and El Paso from 1848 to 1948 and was dedicated on the 100th anniversary.

The Fort Bliss and Ironsides Museums are located next to the Athletic Field and includes outdoor and indoor exhibits. These include important historical artifacts from the founding of Fort Bliss to the present day, such as General Pershing's Dodge Command Car and a

Patriot Missile
.

  • Buffalo Soldier Gate marker explaining the history of the Post opposite El Paso Del Norte from 1849 to the present
    Buffalo Soldier Gate marker explaining the history of the Post opposite El Paso Del Norte from 1849 to the present
  • Replica Museum of the Magoffinsville-era fort
    Replica Museum of the Magoffinsville-era fort
  • Former Fort Bliss buildings at Hart's Mill location
    Former Fort Bliss buildings at Hart's Mill location
  • Replica Museum marker explaining the fort's Civil War history
    Replica Museum marker explaining the fort's Civil War history
  • The 2016 outdoor display still includes a V-2 rocket.
    The 2016 outdoor display still includes a V-2 rocket.
  • Gulf War T-72
    Gulf War T-72
  • M742 armored recovery vehicle
    M742 armored recovery vehicle
  • Leaving Fort Bliss
    Leaving Fort Bliss

The

contributing, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places
in 1998.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Fort Bliss". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 24 September 2006.
  2. ^ A total of five areas have housed the military post from its original creation to the present; this time frame takes into account the construction for each.
  3. ^ Fort Bliss was abandoned twice before it became a permanent facility; this time frame does not take into account the years when the post was not in service
  4. ^ German Air Force train at Fort Bliss
  5. ^ David Burge (8 November 2018) German Air Defense Center trains at Fort Bliss
  6. ^ 2012 Sustainable Ranges Report, Appendix C: Maps and Inventory of Ranges, Range Complexes, Military Training Routes, and Special Use Areas Archived 24 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Welcome to Fort Bliss accessdate=2018-07-16
  8. ^ Jean Han (11 May 2020) 1st Armored Division Marks Ninth Anniversary at Fort Bliss
  9. ^ a b c Danielle O'Donnell (NCOL COE) Higher learning: USASMA now a staff college branch, first students to receive BAs to graduate Friday
  10. ^ (14 July 2017) Fort Bliss opens new air traffic control tower
  11. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 March 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Biggs Army Airfield, Overview
  12. ^ Carter, R.G., On the Border with Mackenzie, 1935, Washington D.C.: Enyon Printing Co., p. 48
  13. ^ Carter, R.G., On the Border with Mackenzie, 1935, Washington D.C.: Enyon Printing Co., p. 49
  14. ^
    ISBN 0-930208-36-6. Retrieved 9 October 2008. NOTE: At the time of its creation, the first post occupied territory that was considered to be part of New Mexico, and the post remained the strongest military encampment in New Mexico until the 32nd parallel north
    was designated the official boundary between New Mexico and Texas in 1850.
  15. ^ "History of Fort Bliss". Post Guide and Telephone Directory. Laven Publishing Group. Archived from the original on 5 May 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
  16. ISBN 978-0-87565-350-1 locates the Magoffinsville post at the intersection of Magoffin and Willow streets, based on photographic inspection of the contours of Mount Franklin
    in a photograph of Fort Bliss.
  17. ^ "Information taken from the Fort Bliss Museum website". United States Army. Archived from the original on 14 July 2007. Retrieved 21 September 2006.
  18. ^ Lt. Richard H Wilson, Adjutant, The Eighth Regiment of Infantry.
  19. ^ Forty years at El Paso, 1858–1898; recollections of war, politics, adventure, events, narratives, sketches, etc., by W. W. Mills, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
  20. ^ Harris, Major Kevin L. "Guardian of the Pass: the story of the U.S. Army in El Paso". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  21. ^ Virginia Resa (1 March 2007) "Marker denotes Fort Bliss' rich history Archived 10 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine", The Monitor, Fort Bliss, accessdate=2 August 2009
  22. ^ Additional information about the construction of Fort Bliss, 1890–1940 (with appendix detailing more information up to 1960) can be found in Perry Jamieson (1993), A Survey History of Fort Bliss, Historic and Natural Resources Report No. 5, Cultural Resources Management Program, Directorate of Environment, United States Army Air Defense Artillery Center, Fort Bliss
  23. ^ NOTE: After a year at Fort Bliss, Pershing decided to arrange for his family to join him. The arrangements were almost complete when, on the morning of 27 August 1915, he received a telegram telling him of a fire in the Presidio of San Francisco. His wife and three young daughters had been burned to death; only his six-year-old son Warren had been saved. Many who knew Pershing said that he never recovered from the deaths of his wife and daughters. After the funerals at Lakeview Cemetery in Cheyenne, Wyoming, Pershing returned to Fort Bliss with his son, Warren, and his sister Mae, and resumed his duties as commanding officer.
  24. Dodge Brothers touring car, serial number 3066, and George S. Patton served as one of Pershing's aides. [This footnote should be moved to the Pancho Villa Expedition
    wikipage.]
  25. ^ "Remembering the fallen 100 years later, 2-13 Cav Regt. revisits Columbus, N.M." Fort Bliss Bugle accessdate=2016-03-17
  26. ISBN 0-8128-2571-3
    .
  27. ^ "Fort Bliss" Densho Encyclopedia (accessed 12 June 2014)
  28. ^ McCleskey, C.; D. Christensen. "Dr. Kurt H. Debus: Launching a Vision" (PDF). p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 7 October 2008.
  29. ^ a b c d McGovern, J (1964). Crossbow and Overcast. New York: W. Morrow. pp. 209–210, 233, 246.
  30. ^ Huzel, Dieter K (1962). Peenemünde to Canaveral. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. pp. 210, 214.
    ISBN 0-313-22928-7
    .
  31. ^ Ley, Willy (1958) [1944]. Rockets, Missiles and Space Travel (revised ed.). New York: The Viking Press. p. 246. NOTE: In 1948, the United States honored the 100th year of Fort Bliss with a commemorative stamp depicting a rocket launch, the first stamp ever issued by the US related to space efforts or to depict a rocket.
  32. ISBN 0-434-55300-X
    . NOTE: On 3 September 1948, FBI informant PT-1 reported a Fort Bliss barber had been recruited to send missile photographs and information to the Soviet Embassy in Mexico City.p406
  33. ^ a b "Corporal history" (PDF). p. 249,263. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2005. In 1960, organizational control of the MGM-5 Corporal transferred from the ARGMA to the ABMA.
  34. ^ During this time the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment was also assigned to Fort Bliss, and later relocated to Fort Carson, Colorado. United States Army. "HISTORY OF FORT BLISS". Archived from the original on 17 February 2006. Retrieved 23 September 2006.
  35. ^ "Air Defense Artillery School". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
  36. ^ NOTE: Two other surface-to-surface missile systems—LaCrosse and Honest John— were based at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, but would frequently come to Fort Bliss for the purpose of conducting live fire exercises.
  37. ^ a b Mertiz, Darren. "It's Fiesta time!". El Paso Times. pp. 1A.
  38. ^ http://archive.elpasotimes.com/opinion/ci_28470604/editorial-fort-bliss-sees-modest-cuts-army-shrinks/[permanent dead link]
  39. ^ a b Roberts, Chris. "BLISS WINS BIG". El Paso Times. pp. 1A.
  40. ^ Gillot, Louise. "20,196 jobs likely". El Paso Times. pp. 12A.
  41. ^ The cost savings for not moving the ADA school were found to be smaller than the effect of consolidating 8 smaller locations into 4 Joint Pre-Deployment/Mobilization Platforms, of which Fort Bliss/Holloman Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine is one. accessdate=3 August 2009
  42. ^ Spc. Jonathan W. Thomas. "Fort Bliss switches from TRADOC to FORSCOM". United States Army. p. 1. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  43. ^ For example,
  44. ^ "Bundeswehr streicht Ausbildung in den USA" (in German). Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  45. ^ Sgt. Valerie Lopez, "German Air Force says farewell to Fort Bliss, training continues in Alamogordo" Fort Bliss Bugle, 3 October 2013
  46. ^ "German air force maintains presence at Bliss; air defense school to stay open to 2020" El Paso Times (1/15/2015) Archived 26 January 2015 at archive.today
  47. ^ "CRC goes live August 9, 2013". Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  48. ^ Kyle Jahner "Army to build dedicated drone runway at Fort Bliss" Army Times (8 January 2015)
  49. ^ Rand McNally map of New Mexico, 2003
  50. ^ The construction of Colin Powell Elementary, the classrooms at Chapin, Bliss, Logan, and Milam are funded by the El Paso Independent School District 2007 Bond, not federal or military funds; the schools are on federal property, but are built, funded and maintained by EPISD – MWR (18 June 2009), "Fort Bliss Town Hall meeting Q&A", The Monitor, Special Section, p. 7
  51. ^ Vic Kolenc, El Paso Times (12 June 2018) Design errors, delays add $408M in costs to new Fort Bliss hospital complex, audit finds
  52. ^ "MG MacFarland (9-17-2013) Fort Bliss Bugle". Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  53. ^ "Philip Varela and Chris Fumagalli. Early Fort Bliss Occupied Pioneer Sites. EPCC: Borderlands". Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  54. ^ FAA restricts drone operations over certain military installations accessdate=2017-04-12
  55. ^ Capt. Matthew L. Blair, 5th Armored Brigade (October 16, 2019) 5th Armored Brigade first in the Army to offer counter UAS, best practices Countering drones
  56. ^ "Autumn-Winter 2006-2007 Newsletter" (PDF) (Press release). El Paso/Santa Teresa. National Weather Service. 2007. p. 6. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
  57. ^ C. Todd Lopez (8 July 2010). "Lopez, C. Todd. "Fort Bliss moving toward 'net-zero' energy compliance." The United States Army Homepage. N.p., 8 July 2010. Web. 12 July 2010". Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  58. ^ PSR News Staff (6 April 2013). "Fort Bliss Announces Military's Largest Solar Power Project". PSR News, International. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  59. ^ Miles, Donna (5 April 2013). "Fort Bliss to Launch Military's Largest Renewable Energy Project". DOD/American Forces Press Service. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  60. ^ "27.5 million gallons of fresh water daily (MGD) for El Paso and Fort Bliss". Archived from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
  61. ^ "Hueco Bolson groundwater model" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
  62. ^ Frazier, Katie (3 November 2022). "The world's largest inland desalination plant is right here in El Paso". KVIA. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  63. ^ http://archive.elpasotimes.com/ci_23276753/strong-genuine-leader[permanent dead link]
  64. ^ Lt. Col. Lindsey Elder (May 15, 2020) Fort Bliss Soldier creates COVID-19 forecasting model for El Paso
  65. ^ a b (8 March 2018) A small team produces big results at Fort Bliss
  66. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 12 February 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
  67. ^ "Low level radiological contamination found inside Fort Bliss bunker" accessdate=17 July 2013
  68. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  69. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 28 July 2021. - See census block map - Secondary source reporting: Carreon, Cristina (23 December 2020). "TEA recognizes 50 El Paso County schools for supporting students from military families". El Paso Times
    . Schools located on the Fort Bliss installation or on federal property fall within the EPISD boundaries, according to the liaison office.
  70. ^ Anderson, Lindsey (25 October 2016). "Ex-EPISD official Gina Oaxaca denies scam role". El Paso Times. Retrieved 29 July 2021. [...]Bliss Elementary School[...]which wouldn't be allowed onto Fort Bliss, where the school is located.
  71. ^ a b "2019-20 Boundaries" (PDF). El Paso Independent School District. Retrieved 29 July 2021. - Compare to the family housing locations seen here: . p. 4/10 http://legacy.elpasotexas.gov/muni_clerk/_documents/Comprehensive%20Plan%20Subcommittee%20Agendas/11-16-11_DRAFT_Fort%20Bliss_101311.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help) - The post areas are seen on page 5/10.
  72. ^ "EPISD celebrates the sacrifice of all U.S. veterans". El Paso Independent School District. Retrieved 29 July 2021. Milam, located within the Aero Vista housing community on the Fort Bliss installation,[...]
  73. ^ "Die Deutsche Schule El Paso in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika" (in German). Bundeswehr. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  74. ^ "German school provides education, community to German kids". Defense Visual Information Distribution Service. 29 February 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  75. ^ http://fortblissbugle.com/2014/07july/073114/pdf/073114part1a.pdf Fort Bliss Bugle, satellite map for "1st AD, Fort Bliss Change of Command Ceremony" p.2A

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