Fort Totten (Queens)

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Coordinates: 40°47′31.3″N 73°46′33.9″W / 40.792028°N 73.776083°W / 40.792028; -73.776083
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Fort Totten (New York)
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This article is about the military facility in Queens also called the "Fort at Willets Point". For the neighborhood, see Willets Point, Queens.
Fort Totten
Part of
borough of Queens, New York
Fort Totten is located in New York City
Fort Totten
Fort Totten
Fort Totten is located in New York
Fort Totten
Fort Totten
Fort Totten is located in the United States
Fort Totten
Fort Totten
Coordinates40°47′31.3″N 73°46′33.9″W / 40.792028°N 73.776083°W / 40.792028; -73.776083
Site information
OwnerNew York City Department of Parks and Recreation (primarily)
Open to
the public		Civil War fort, some other activities
Site history
Built1862; 162 years ago (1862)
Built byUnited States Army Corps of Engineers
In use
  • 1862 (1862)–1974 (1974) (US Army)
  • 1974 (1974)–present (Army Reserve)
Materials
FDNY
.
Abandoned fortification (Endicott era batteries)[1][2]
12-inch mortars in a pit; four of these pits in a square were the "Abbot Quad" arrangement
Typical "Abbot Quad" arrangement, Battery Whitman initial design, Fort Andrews, Boston, MA
Where the guns were to be installed according to Lee's design

Fort Totten is a former active

City of New York.[7][8]
The neighborhood has buses and served by MTA Regional Bus Operations Q13 and Q16 Buses.

History

Civil War era

Construction began on the Fort at Willets Point in 1862 (named Fort Totten in 1898), after the land was purchased by the U.S. Government in 1857 from the Willets family. The fort is close to the Queens neighborhoods of

Fort Point in San Francisco shared this feature.[10] However, construction was abandoned after the war, as masonry forts were considered obsolete following severe damage to some in the American Civil War. Only one tier and part of a second tier of the two seacoast walls was completed; the three landward walls received little work.[10] From 1861 to 1898 the fort area was known as Camp Morgan, named for New York Governor Edwin D. Morgan.[11][12]

1869-1890

In 1869 the

earthwork batteries were built in the 1870s; the first was a battery of 27 guns as part of a short-lived fort improvement program, while the second was a battery of 16 mortars. The latter was the prototype for the "Abbot Quad" arrangement, developed by Major Abbot and used for the first 12-inch coast defense mortar deployments in the 1890s.[14] In 1871 a tunnel was built connecting the upper 27-gun battery with the incomplete fort.[15] In 1890 the Engineer School experimented with the Sims torpedo, an electric self-propelled torpedo partly designed by Thomas Edison.[12]

Endicott era (1890-1916)

In 1885 the

Coast Defenses of Eastern New York as follows:[11][16]

Name No. of guns Gun type Carriage type Years active
King 8 12" mortar M1890 barbette M1896 1900-1935
Mahan 2 12-inch gun M1895 disappearing M1897 1900-1918
Graham 2
10-inch gun M1888
 disappearing M1894 1897-1918
Sumner 2 8-inch gun M1888 1 disappearing M1894, 1 disappearing M1896 1899-1917
Stuart 2 5-inch gun M1897
balanced pillar
M1896		 1900-1917
Baker 4 2
3-inch gun M1902
 2
masking parapet
M1898, 2 pedestal M1902		 1900-1920 (M1898), 1904-1945 (M1902)
Burnes 2 3-inch gun M1902 pedestal M1902 1904-1945

Battery King was built by converting two of the four pits of the earlier mortar battery to concrete, with four mortars in each pit.

Coast Defenses of Long Island Sound, with most of the guns of the former removed in World War I, and almost all of Fort Totten (except the 3-inch guns) disarmed by 1935.[11] In 1901 the Engineer School was transferred to Washington, DC, and the emerging United States Army Coast Artillery Corps took over the further development of coast defenses.[12]

World War I

After the

railway artillery in that war, primarily weapons purchased from the French and British. Fort Totten's 5-inch, 8-inch, 10-inch, and 12-inch batteries were dismounted in 1917-1918 as potential railway or, in the case of the 5-inchers, field artillery. Battery Mahan's two 12-inch guns and Battery Sumner's pair of 8-inch guns were transferred to the railway artillery program. Battery Graham's pair of 10-inch guns were transferred to Fort Hamilton in 1919, probably to replace similar guns there. Battery Stuart's 5-inch guns were mounted on field carriages and sent to France. However, a history of the 5-inch regiment in France indicates that they never received ammunition and did not complete training before the Armistice.[17] Another history states that only three 8-inch guns arrived in France of the US Army's World War I railway artillery program; most railway guns were not completed until after the Armistice.[18]

Between the wars

In 1920 Battery Baker's pair of 3-inch M1898 guns was removed, part of a general removal from service of this type of weapon. Around this time a 3-gun

3-inch gun M1917.[12]
In 1935 Fort Totten's last heavy armament, the mortars of Battery King, were removed and the Harbor Defenses of Eastern New York effectively inactivated, although a minefield possibly remained in reserve and the command remained in service until mid-1942. This left Fort Totten with four 3-inch guns that served through World War II, probably to guard the potential minefield.

World War II

In December 1941 Fort Totten became the headquarters for the

anti-aircraft portion of the Eastern Defense Command, organizing anti-aircraft defenses for the entire east coast.[12][15] On 9 May 1942 the Harbor Defenses of Eastern New York was inactivated and consolidated into the Harbor Defenses of New York; HD Eastern New York eventually disbanded on 22 May 1944.[19]

Cold War

In 1954, the fort became a

90 mm gun
batteries of the 41st were located throughout Long Island.

1970s

According to rumor, Fort Totten was the location of the safe house where

CONUS
, Fort Totten was closed as a Regular Army installation and the remaining military presence assumed by the Army Reserve.

Current status

NYPD K9 training building

The current military presence at Fort Totten is centered on the 77th Sustainment Brigade, its subordinate units, and the 533rd Brigade Support Battalion of the

U.S. Army Reserve.[21]

Much of the fort has become a public park and is open for tours by the

US Coast Guard Auxiliary
, Flotilla 12-1 is located here.

During the winter months, a large variety of migratory waterfowl can be observed in the surrounding waters: Little Bay to the west, Long Island Sound to the north, and Little Neck Bay to the east. Most buildings are dilapidated and unused. Fort Totten is also a sports complex, with an outdoor pool, baseball fields and three soccer fields used for youth soccer.

Fort Totten is designated as a New York City Historic District.

Fort Totten Officers' Club

Fort Totten Officers' Club, now home of the Bayside Historical Society

The

Bayside Historical Society, which hosts events, historic exhibitions and cultural programs. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.[23]

The club building was designed by Robert E. Lee in his pre-Civil War capacity as a military engineer but not built until the 1870s, although some historians[who?] believe that the actual design was done by a subordinate and merely approved by Lee. The building was designed in the neo-Gothic style popular at the time and was not created specifically for Fort Totten but rather was a generic design approved by the Army for use at military installations. Identical structures were built at other Army forts and the Castle design was adopted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as their insignia, although the reason for this action is murky. A local tradition is that the Corps of Engineers symbol derived from the Fort Totten building, but the reverse is more likely: the building design was based on a castle in part because this symbol had long been identified with Army engineers. The club was built in the 1870s and the engineer castle symbol dates from circa 1840.[24][25] When Fort Totten's Castle was restored in the 1990s, the Corps of Engineers was contacted in the hope that they would participate, particularly since the Fort Totten Castle was occupied at one time by the Corps of Engineers, but the military failed to show any interest.[citation needed]

In popular culture

  • In the TV series The Endgame, Fort Totten is used as a government black site, and is where criminal mastermind Elena Federova is detained upon her capture.
  • The music video for Jay-Z's collaboration with Kanye West and Rihanna, "Run This Town", was filmed on August 6, 2009 at Fort Totten.
  • Fort Totten appeared in the TV series White Collar, episode 13 season 5, "Diamond Exchange".
  • Fort Totten appears in season 4 episode 13 of Blue Bloods (TV Series), "Unfinished Business".
  • Fort Totten appears in season 5 episode 17 of Third Watch (TV Series), "Family Ties: Part II".

See also

References

  1. ^ AbandonedNYC Print Shop Photo Keywords fort totten, Fort Totten Endicott Battery
  2. ^ Fort Totten Tour, Historic New York: The Fort Totten Tunnel Tour
  3. ^ Bayside Historical Society, Brief History of Fort Totten, 2006
  4. ^ United States War Department, Annual reports, Volume 2, Part 1, 1902, page 817
  5. ^ Federal Writers' Project, New York City Guide, Volume 1, 1939, page 572
  6. ^ Peter Jun, U.S. Army Public Affairs, "Unique Army Reserve Unit Activates With State-of-the-Art Mission", October 15, 2009
  7. ^ New York City Parks Department, "Fort Totten Park", accessed April 28, 2013
  8. ^ National Park Service, "Fort Totten Park", accessed April 28, 2013
  9. ^ a b Roberts, p. 586
  10. ^ a b Weaver, pp. 143-148
  11. ^ a b c Fort Totten at FortWiki.com
  12. ^ a b c d e "History of Fort Totten at Hoflink.com". Archived from the original on 2016-09-06. Retrieved 2016-11-02.
  13. ^ Berhow, pp. 333-334
  14. ^ a b Battery King at FortWiki.com
  15. ^ a b c Fort Totten at American Forts Network
  16. ^ Berhow, p. 209
  17. ^ History of the 69th Artillery, CAC in WWI
  18. ^ US Army railway artillery in WWI
  19. ^ Clay, Steven E. (2010). US Army Order of Battle 1919–1941, vol. 2 (PDF). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press. pp. 1024–1025.
  20. ^ "Request Information".
  21. ^ "377th TSC".
  22. ^ History Comes Alive At Fort Totten Park
  23. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  24. ^ Corps Castle at USACE official website
  25. ^ Corps Castle at USACE Nashville District official website

External links

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