Fourche Mountain salamander
Fourche Mountain salamander | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Urodela |
Family: | Plethodontidae |
Subfamily: | Plethodontinae
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Genus: | Plethodon |
Species: | P. fourchensis
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Binomial name | |
Plethodon fourchensis Duncan & Highton, 1979
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The Fourche Mountain salamander (Plethodon fourchensis) is a species of
Description
The Fourche Mountain salamander has a sturdier body shape than most of the other salamander species in the locality. Its back is black with two rows of irregular grey blotches and a speckling of smaller pale spots. The underside is dark with a few lighter spots and the chin is pale.[2]
Distribution and habitat
The Fourche Mountain salamander only occurs in the Fourche Mountains, the Shut-In Mountains, and the eastern side of Iron Fork Mountain in the Ouachita Mountain range in Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma. It is found in deciduous woodland high in the mountains especially in ravines and on north-facing slopes. It sometimes hybridizes with the Rich Mountain salamander (P. ouachitae) where their ranges overlap on the western side of Fourche Mountain.[3]
Biology
The Fourche Mountain salamander hides in undergrowth and under rocks and logs. It mainly feeds at night on small invertebrates such as insects, spiders, and worms. Between May and September when the weather is hot and dry, it may aestivate underground, emerging to forage during any wet periods that may occur. It probably hibernates between November and March.[3] Little is known of its breeding habits, but they are likely to be similar to the Rich Mountain salamander. The eggs are laid in underground chambers and brooded by the female, no aqueous larval stage exists and direct development takes place into juvenile salamanders. Females may breed in the fall or winter in alternate years.[1][3] Once considered part of P. ouachitae, Plethodon fourchensis was described in 1979 based on genetic differences and geographical distinction. [4]
Status
The Fourche Mountain salamander is listed as near threatened in the
References
- ^ a b c IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2022). "Plethodon fourchensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T17631A118974835. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
- ^ "Family: Plethodontidae (Lungless Salamanders): Fourche Mountain Salamander". Herps of Arkansas. Retrieved 2012-09-08.
- ^ a b c Anthony, Carl D. (2005). "Plethodon fourchensis". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
- JSTOR 1443734.