Fourth Rutte cabinet
Fourth Rutte cabinet Rutte–Kaag–Hoekstra–Schouten cabinet | |
---|---|
centre-right, majority government (coalition government ) 41/150
| |
History | |
Election(s) | 2023–2024 formation |
Predecessor | Third Rutte cabinet |
Part of the Politics series |
Politics portal |
The fourth Rutte cabinet is the current
Formation
The formation of the cabinet was particularly difficult; it required the longest time of any cabinet so far.[12]
The formation became difficult after scout Ollongren was photographed with notes that read "Omtzigt position elsewhere", which was controversial, for Omtzigt was one of the most popular members of parliament within his party, the Christian Democratic Appeal.[13]
Coalition accord
The coalition accord contained, among other things, more agreements about accelerating the Netherlands' climate ambitions (55% CO2 reduction in 2030), changes to daycare costs, preparation for new nuclear power plants, creation of road pricing (not toll) starting in 2030, accelerated nitrogen reduction (−50% in 2030), more regulation of the rental sector, equalizing pay between grade school and high school teachers, a return of the basic scholarship for students, increase over time of legal minimum wage by 7.5% and more defense spending.[14]
Term
Colonial past
In February 2022, the cabinet offered its apologies to
In December 2022, the cabinet offered their apologies for the
Child welfare scandal
Approximately 26,000 single parents were accused of fraud by the Dutch
This has resulted in people feeling like no real change has happened between governments as the process of rectification has ground to a standstill and there is seemingly no end in sight.[19]
Governance culture
Mark Rutte has been in the news many times for maintaining a closed governing culture.[20] During parliamentary hearings surrounding the welfare scandal, there was mention of a "Rutte-doctrine", a policy of keeping as much information away from the public as possible.[20] After the fall of the cabinet, it has been characterized by CDA parliamentary leader Pieter Heerma as "irresponsibly harsh" and "bordering on reckless politics".[21]
Some of the promises made in the coalition accord were to "improve the information provided to the House of Representatives", modernizing the archival law and to make information available to the public more quickly.[20]
Public inquiry by the newspaper de Volkskrant led to them suing the government over a freedom of information request. During the process, it came to light that prime minister Mark Rutte had been wiping the majority of SMS text messages he received on his private phone for years, in violation of the archival legislation.[22] His excuse was that his phone memory filled up too quickly. This was not considered a plausible excuse by members of the House.[20]
Student loan system
The Netherlands has a long history[when?] of subsidizing students to take higher education, but a significant change to the system in 2015 (Rutte II) ended the basic scholarship (basisbeurs), introducing instead a borrowing system; this was projected to save the government a billion euro per year.[23]
Rutte IV reintroduced the basic scholarship, stating that the high student debts reduce quality of life, make students more hesitant to pursue higher education and reduce the chance for equal opportunities.[24] There were also additional compensation for students who studied under the borrowing framework.[24]
Natural gas extraction and earthquakes
The Netherlands has a history of extracting gas from natural gas fields and does not experience natural destructive earthquakes according to the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute,[25] however, the extraction of natural gas above the Groningen gas field has caused several man-made earthquakes which severely damaged people's properties.[26][27] The damage to the locals and concerns around climate change have been an ongoing concern and led to a parliamentary audit on the government's decisions surrounding the Groningen gas field, the largest natural gas field in Europe.
Earthquakes caused by gas extraction have been noted elsewhere in the Netherlands as well.[28] Earthquakes due to gas extraction have been happening since 1986,[28] but have only grown more severe since the 2000s.[citation needed]
The gas extraction in Groningen has been scaling down since 2018, and is planned to stop in October 2023.[29] This was a point of contention given the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent European ban on gas imports from Russia.
During the Rutte IV cabinet, compensation was awarded to homeowners whose houses were damaged by gas extraction,[30] but this process has generally not gone smoothly.[31]
On 24 February 2023, a parliamentary inquiry commission determined the government owed a ereschuld("debt of honour") to residents of Groningen and proposed several remedies to alleviate this.[32]
Nitrogen crisis
The government of the Netherlands is experiencing a crisis of ecology and of governance through the mishandling of the European measures on nitrogen that were agreed upon as early as 1991 with the agreement of the Habitats Directive. It has been recognized as a serious issue since 2019.[33]
Nitrogen emissions are caused by a variety of essential economic activities such as construction, farming, transport and industry, but there is a science-informed and court-enforced target that the Netherlands would have to reduce nitrogen emissions in certain areas by up to 50% compared to 2019 by 2023.[33] This has created political unrest among the industries affected, most visibly farmers, who protested and flew Dutch flags upside down and founded a new political party, the Farmer–Citizen Movement (BBB), just after the report from 2019.
Since the cabinet took charge in January 2022, courts have ruled that the policy surrounding construction was not consistent with, or insufficient to comply with, nitrogen legislation and thousands of construction projects had to be halted or cancelled to comply with nitrogen legislation.[34][35]
The cabinet has attempted to negotiate an agreeable settlement with both small and large agrarians, but all attempts at negotiation eventually broke down.[36][37][38] The strong incentive to negotiate is in part due to the large political gains of BBB in the 2023 provincial elections. The cabinet changed its position several times, sometimes telling different things to different parties, leading to more tension and uncertainty.[39][40]
Energy and inflation
Rising energy prices and high inflation impacted the economy of the Netherlands during the term of the government, mainly due to the
Housing shortage
The Netherlands has had a severe housing shortage for some time[
Asylum policy
Immigration and asylum policy has been an important political topic in the Netherlands for many years. The government has generally been unwilling to create permanent capacity for asylum seekers, choosing to instead scale capacity up or down as required, creating issues for municipalities.[48]
In recent years, the Netherlands has received asylum seekers from Syria fleeing the
In 2022, through the introduction of the Spreidingswet, the government chose to devolve responsibility for taking on an assigned number of asylum seekers to the municipalities, which would receive the responsibility to house and integrate a number of asylum seekers from the COA (central organ for housing asylum seekers).[52][53] Municipalities were generally found either unwilling or unable to place asylum seeker housing centers (AZCs), in part due to concerns of locals such as "there are too many people" or "why can't it be somewhere else?".[54][55]
The scaling down of housing for asylum seekers, a general housing shortage and the inability to create more housing has resulted in bad living conditions in registration centre Ter Apel ,[56][57] which resulted in the international red cross deeming it necessary to lend aid, as conditions were considered "inhuman and unsustainable".[58][59]
The Raad voor het Openbaar Bestuur (the council for public governance) and the Adviesraad Migratie (advice council immigration) judged the crisis to be "a crisis created and maintained by the government itself".[58]
In February 2023, the CDA proposed to institute a two-status system. This proposal was supported by the VVD but opposed by Christian Union and Democrats 66.[60]
The proposal would have classified war refugees under a different status than other refugees. It would limit the total number of relatives who could be reunited with refugees to 200 per month,[49] force families to wait for two years before being allowed to reunite[49] and reduce the maximum term of residence to three years compared to the regular seven.[60]
Disagreement about this proposal led to the government's resignation three months later, as Christian Union and Democrats 66 could not abide by the terms demanded by the VVD.[61][10] This was a premeditated strategy, rather than chance, according to Christian Union and opposition parties.[21]
Demissionary
The cabinet fell on Friday 7 July 2023, after failing to reach an agreement on the separate treatment of refugees fleeing from war.
The government becoming demissionary has consequences for a variety of measures that were meant to alleviate the current issues in the Netherlands. Any policy considered "controversial" will not be acted on and will be left to be decided by the upcoming election.
Cabinet members
Title | Minister | Term of office | Party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Name | Start | End | |||
Prime Minister | Mark Rutte | 14 October 2010[i] | Incumbent | VVD | ||
First Deputy Prime Minister | Sigrid Kaag | 10 January 2022 | 8 January 2024[ii] | D66 | ||
Rob Jetten | 8 January 2024 | Incumbent | ||||
Second Deputy Prime Minister | Wopke Hoekstra | 10 January 2022 | 1 September 2023[ii] | CDA | ||
Karien van Gennip | 5 September 2023 | Incumbent | ||||
Third Deputy Prime Minister | Carola Schouten | 26 October 2017[i] | Incumbent | CU |
Title | Minister | Term of office | Party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Name | Start | End | |||
Minister of General Affairs | Mark Rutte | 14 October 2010[i] | Incumbent | VVD | ||
Minister of Finance
|
Sigrid Kaag | 10 January 2022 | 8 January 2024[ii] | D66 | ||
Rob Jetten (ad interim)[iii] | 8 January 2024 | 12 January 2024 | ||||
Steven van Weyenberg | 12 January 2024 | Incumbent | ||||
Minister of Foreign Affairs | Wopke Hoekstra | 10 January 2022 | 1 September 2023[ii] | CDA | ||
Liesje Schreinemacher (ad interim) | 1 September 2023 | 5 September 2023 | VVD | |||
Hanke Bruins Slot | 5 September 2023 | Incumbent | CDA | |||
Minister of Justice and Security
|
Dilan Yeşilgöz-Zegerius
|
10 January 2022 | Incumbent | VVD | ||
Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations
|
Hanke Bruins Slot | 10 January 2022 | 5 September 2023[iv] | CDA | ||
Hugo de Jonge | 5 September 2023 | Incumbent | ||||
Minister of Education, Culture and Science
|
Robbert Dijkgraaf | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | D66 | ||
Minister of Defence
|
Kajsa Ollongren | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | D66 | ||
Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management
|
Mark Harbers | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | VVD | ||
Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy
|
Micky Adriaansens | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | VVD | ||
Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality
|
Henk Staghouwer | 10 January 2022 | 5 September 2022[ii] | CU | ||
Carola Schouten (ad interim) | 5 September 2022 | 4 October 2022 | ||||
Piet Adema | 4 October 2022 | Incumbent | ||||
Minister of Social Affairs and Employment
|
Karien van Gennip | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | CDA | ||
Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport
|
Ernst Kuipers | 10 January 2022 | 10 January 2024[ii] | D66 | ||
Conny Helder | 10 January 2024 | Incumbent | VVD |
Ministry | Title | Minister | Term of office | Party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Name | Start | End | ||||
Social Affairs and Employment | Minister for Poverty Policy, Participation and Pensions
|
Carola Schouten | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | CU | ||
Foreign Affairs | Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation | Liesje Schreinemacher | 10 January 2022 | 4 December 2023[v] | VVD | ||
Geoffrey van Leeuwen (acting) | 4 December 2023 | Incumbent | |||||
Justice and Security | Minister for Legal Protection
|
Franc Weerwind | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | D66 | ||
Interior and Kingdom Relations | Minister for Housing and Spatial Planning
|
Hugo de Jonge | 10 January 2022 | 5 September 2023[vi] | CDA | ||
Education, Culture and Science | Minister for Primary and Secondary Education
|
Dennis Wiersma | 10 January 2022 | 22 June 2023[ii] | VVD | ||
Mariëlle Paul | 21 July 2023 | Incumbent | |||||
Economic Affairs and Climate Policy | Minister for Climate and Energy Policy
|
Rob Jetten | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | D66 | ||
Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality | Minister for Nature and Nitrogen Policy
|
Christianne van der Wal | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | VVD | ||
Health, Welfare and Sport | Minister for Long-term Care and Sport
|
Conny Helder | 10 January 2022 | 10 January 2024[vii] | VVD | ||
Minister for Medical Care
|
Pia Dijkstra | 2 February 2024 | Incumbent | D66 |
Ministry | Title | State secretary | Term of office | Party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Name | Start | End | ||||
Justice and Security | State Secretary for Justice and Security[viii]
|
Eric van der Burg | 10 January 2022 | 28 October 2023[ix] | VVD | ||
Christophe van der Maat (acting) | 30 October 2022 | 24 November 2023 | |||||
Eric van der Burg | 24 November 2023 | Incumbent | |||||
Interior and Kingdom Relations | State Secretary for Kingdom Relations and Digitalisation[x]
|
Alexandra van Huffelen | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | D66 | ||
Education, Culture and Science | State Secretary for Culture and Media
|
Gunay Uslu | 10 January 2022 | 1 December 2023[ii] | D66 | ||
Steven van Weyenberg | 6 December 2023 | 12 January 2024[xi] | |||||
Fleur Gräper | 12 December 2024 | Incumbent | |||||
Finance | State Secretary for Tax Affairs and the Tax Administration
|
Marnix van Rij | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | CDA | ||
State Secretary for Benefits and Customs
|
Aukje de Vries | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | VVD | |||
Defence | State Secretary for Defence
|
Christophe van der Maat | 10 January 2022 | 30 October 2022[xii] | VVD | ||
24 November 2023 | Incumbent | ||||||
Infrastructure and Water Management | State Secretary for Infrastructure and Water Management[xiii]
|
Vivianne Heijnen | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | CDA | ||
Economic Affairs and Climate Policy | State Secretary for the Extractive Industries
|
Hans Vijlbrief | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | D66 | ||
Health, Welfare and Sport | State Secretary for Health, Welfare and Sport
|
Maarten van Ooijen | 10 January 2022 | Incumbent | CU |
- ^ a b c Retained this position from the previous cabinet.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Resigned from this position.
- ^ Tasks were de facto delegated to State Secretary Marnix van Rij.
- ^ Appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
- ^ Took maternity leave.
- ^ Appointed as Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations.
- ^ Appointed as Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport.
- ^ Allowed to use the title "Minister for Migration" while on foreign business.
- ^ Took an extended medical leave of absence.
- ^ Allowed to use the title "Minister for Digitalisation" while on foreign business.
- ^ Appointed as Minister of Finance.
- ^ Appointed as acting State Secretary for Justice and Security.
- ^ Allowed to use the title "Minister for the Environment" while on foreign business.
References
- ^ "Kabinet-Rutte IV bijna rond: 'Bekende gezichten in echt nieuw team'" (in Dutch). NOS. 30 December 2021. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
- ^ "Nieuwe gezichten in Rutte IV: Ernst Kuipers wordt 'coronaminister'" (in Dutch). Het Parool. 30 December 2021. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
- ^ "Hugo de Jonge wordt minister voor Wonen, Rob Jetten naar Klimaat" (in Dutch). RTL Nieuws. 30 December 2021. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
- ^ "Dit zijn de nieuwe VVD-gezichten in kabinet-Rutte IV" (in Dutch). Telegraaf. 30 December 2021. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
- ^ "Nieuwe gezichten in Rutte IV: Ernst Kuipers wordt 'coronaminister' en topwetenschapper Dijkgraaf naar Onderwijs" (in Dutch). Algemeen Dagblad. 30 December 2021. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
- ^ "Gunay Uslu staatssecretaris Cultuur en Media, Van Huffelen naar Binnenlandse Zaken" (in Dutch). Volkskrant. 2 January 2022. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
- ^ "Rutte IV: D66 haalt zware posten binnen, CDA lijkt macht en invloed in te leveren" (in Dutch). NRC Handelsblad. 30 December 2021. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
- ^ "Het CDA kiest vooral voor ervaren politici in het nieuwe kabinet" (in Dutch). Trouw. 2 January 2022. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
- ^ "Alle namen nieuwe kabinet bekend: Hoekstra op Buitenlandse Zaken en Kuipers op VWS" (in Dutch). NOS. 2 January 2022. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
- ^ a b c "Hoe Rutte vriend en vijand verraste: reconstructie van de val van Rutte IV". nos.nl (in Dutch). 8 July 2023. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ a b "CDA wil onderscheid tussen vluchtelingen weer instellen". nos.nl (in Dutch). 8 February 2023. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "Rutte nu echt de langstzittende premier van Nederland". nos.nl (in Dutch). 2 August 2022. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "Notities Ollongren zichtbaar, 'positie Omtzigt, functie elders'". nos.nl (in Dutch). 25 March 2021. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ Pascoe, Robin (15 December 2021). "The new government's plans: what you need to know". DutchNews.nl. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ "Rutte: diepe excuses voor stelselmatig en extreem geweld in Indonesië – NRC" (in Dutch). 22 March 2023. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "In vier talen maakte Rutte excuses voor slavernij, lees hier de belangrijkste punten" (in Dutch). 1 February 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ Amaro, Silvia (15 January 2021). "Dutch government resigns after childcare benefits scandal". CNBC. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (13 March 2020). "Herstel kinderopvangtoeslag – Kinderopvangtoeslag – Rijksoverheid.nl". www.rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "Herstel gedupeerden toeslagenaffaire loopt vast door ambtelijke chaos". nos.nl (in Dutch). 1 February 2023. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "Rutte bepaalde zélf welke sms'jes belangrijk waren en welke niet – en dat wringt". NRC (in Dutch). 18 May 2022. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Teruglezen: Kabinet-Rutte IV gevallen". NRC (in Dutch). 7 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "Premier Rutte wiste jarenlang iedere dag zijn sms'jes". de Volkskrant (in Dutch). 18 May 2022. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Leenstelsel een feit na instemming Eerste Kamer". nos.nl (in Dutch). 20 January 2015. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ a b Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (13 May 2022). "Herinvoering basisbeurs en tegemoetkoming studenten – Hoger onderwijs – Rijksoverheid.nl". www.rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 26 June 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ Wetenschapsredactie (9 September 2011). "Digibron.nl, "Aardbevingen in Nederland niet verwoestend"". Digibron.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ "Aardbeving met kracht van 3,1 bij Wirdum in Groningen: 'Grote impact, materieel en mentaal'". NRC (in Dutch). 8 October 2022. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Waarom zijn er aardbevingen in Groningen?". NPO Kennis (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ a b "KNMI - Aardbevingen door gaswinning". www.knmi.nl. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (21 November 2018). "Afbouw gaswinning Groningen – Gaswinning in Groningen – Rijksoverheid.nl". www.rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ Klimaat, Ministerie van Economische Zaken en (20 May 2022). "Kabinet trekt geld uit voor Groningen – Nieuwsbericht – Rijksoverheid.nl". www.rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Duizenden Groningers grijpen naast compensatie door subsidieloterij". RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). 11 January 2022. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ Klimaat, Ministerie van Economische Zaken en (21 November 2018). "Schade door gaswinning – Gaswinning in Groningen – Rijksoverheid.nl". www.rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ a b Advisory Committee on Nitrogen Issues (25 September 2019). ""Not everything is possible" – First advice from the Advisory Committee on Nitrogen Issues" (pdf) (in Dutch). Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit (2 November 2022). "Raad van State: bouwvrijstelling mag niet gebruikt worden – Nieuwsbericht – Rijksoverheid.nl". www.rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Huizenbouwers wakker geschud door stikstofcrisis: 'Het kán anders'". Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). 11 October 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Boeren en kabinet komen iets dichter bij elkaar in 'pittig' gesprek: mogelijk ander meetsysteem voor stikstof". Algemeen Dagblad. 31 August 2022. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ Jonk, Erik (4 August 2022). "Boeren gaan in overleg met Johan Remkes, maar enig vertrouwen is er niet". Metronieuws.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "Adema: geen nieuwe onderhandelingen, wel 'overleg' met boeren". Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "CDA legt bom onder coalitie: '2030 is niet heilig'". Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). 19 August 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "'Het vertrouwen is weg,' zegt Sigrid Kaag tegen Wopke Hoekstra". Het Parool (in Dutch). 21 August 2022. Archived from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ Goldstein, Steve. "'Greedflation': IMF puts blame for rise in prices on corporate greed". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ Klimaat, Ministerie van Economische Zaken en (4 October 2022). "Vanaf 1 januari lagere energierekening door verruimd prijsplafond – Nieuwsbericht – Rijksoverheid.nl". www.rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "Het prijsplafond ongunstiger dan gedacht? Zo zit het". nos.nl (in Dutch). 14 December 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (5 October 2022). "Prijsplafond voor gas, stroom en stadsverwarming – Koopkracht – Rijksoverheid.nl". www.rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "Schreeuwend tekort aan woningen, wat moet eraan gedaan worden?". nos.nl (in Dutch). 17 February 2021. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ Wilman, Dennis (22 June 2022). "Woningtekort bedraagt bijna 400.000: vooral krapte in Amsterdam, Utrecht, Hilversum en Amersfoort". Business Insider Nederland (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ Koninkrijksrelaties, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en (14 June 2021). "Het statistisch woningtekort nader uitgelegd – Home | Volkshuisvesting Nederland". www.volkshuisvestingnederland.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ Lucassen, Leo (18 October 2021). "Opinie | De weigering van de minister om permanente azc's te openen, stelt gemeenten steeds voor problemen". NRC (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ a b c "Dutch government falls as ministers clash over migration". POLITICO. 7 July 2023. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Hoe Rutte vriend en vijand verraste: reconstructie van de val van Rutte IV". nos.nl (in Dutch). 8 July 2023. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Waar gaat het mis? De 'asielcrisis' in vijf grafieken". nos.nl (in Dutch). 8 June 2022. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ https://vng.nl/sites/default/files/2021-06/vng_handreiking_gegevensuitwisseling-wet_inburgering_gemeenten.pdf Archived 28 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine p.4
- ^ Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (25 May 2022). "Gemeenten en provincies krijgen wettelijke taak tot opvang asielzoekers – Nieuwsbericht – Rijksoverheid.nl". www.rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "Opnieuw protest tegen azc in hotel, ook Kamerleden in Albergen". nos.nl (in Dutch). 18 August 2022. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet wil plek kunnen aanwijzen voor azc als gemeente niet meewerkt". RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). 9 August 2022. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "Rapport: 'Klachten COA Ter Apel niet door de grond, maar door gebouw'". www.rtvnoord.nl (in Dutch). 26 March 2018. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Asielcrisis Ter Apel: vannacht hebben 700 mensen buiten geslapen". nos.nl (in Dutch). 24 August 2022. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ a b "Rode Kruis: 'situatie ter Apel is onmenselijk en onhoudbaar'". ad.nl. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ "Rode Kruis-hulpverlening in Ter Apel hervat". Rode Kruis Nederland (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ a b "CDA wil onderscheid tussen vluchtelingen weer instellen". nos.nl (in Dutch). 8 February 2023. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet gevallen, geen akkoord over asielmaatregelen". nos.nl (in Dutch). 7 July 2023. Archived from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "Mark Rutte komt aan bij paleis voor ontslag kabinet". nos.nl (in Dutch). 8 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ Meijer, Bart H.; Deutsch, Anthony (10 July 2023). "Dutch leader Mark Rutte, a European fixture, to quit politics". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ Cornelissen, Lars (1 January 2017). "De VVD: neoliberaal tot in de vezels". Socialisme & Democratie. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ a b "Kaag vertrekt als D66-leider: 'Mijn werk trekt een wissel op mijn gezin'". nos.nl (in Dutch). 13 July 2023. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ "Wat heeft de val van het kabinet voor gevolgen voor het beleid?". nos.nl (in Dutch). 8 July 2023. Archived from the original on 9 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "Voorzitter FNV: 'Kabinet slaagde niet in verbeteren uitzichtloze situaties bij veel mensen thuis'". NRC (in Dutch). 7 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet valt; LTO vreest meer onzekerheid voor boeren". Nieuwe Oogst (in Dutch). 7 July 2023. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "Van jonge boer tot woningzoeker: langer wachten door val kabinet". RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). 8 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- NRC(in Dutch). Retrieved 24 March 2024.
- ^ "Dutch election to be held November 22, public broadcaster reports". Reuters. 14 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ "Naar de stembus voor nieuwe verkiezingen? Reken op 'half november'". AD.nl. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "Bewindspersonen eerder weg uit kabinet: niet ongebruikelijk, maar het zijn er nu wel veel" [Cabinet members leave cabinet earlier: Not unusual but there are many now]. NOS (in Dutch). 10 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- BNR Nieuwsradio(in Dutch). 8 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ "Rutte vindt grote aantal vertrekkers uit kabinet 'zeer uitlegbaar'" [Rutte believes wave of departures from the cabinet is 'well-explainable']. NOS (in Dutch). 13 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ "Minister Schreinemacher bevallen van zoon Titiaan" [Minister Schreinemacher has given birth to son Titiaan]. Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). 5 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.