Fowl
| Fowl | |
|---|---|
| |
| Australian brushturkey (Alectura lathami) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Infraclass: | Neognathae |
| Clade: | Pangalloanserae |
| Superorder: | Galloanserae Sclater, 1880 |
| Subgroups | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Anatophasianae | |
Fowl are
Terminology
As opposed to "fowl", "
The historic difference is due to the Germanic/Latin split word pairs characteristic of
Many birds that are eaten by humans are fowl, including
Characteristics
While they are quite diverse
- Galloanserae are very prolific; they regularly produce pigeonsrarely lay more than two eggs.
- While most living birds are roostersare kept with a whole flock of females.
- sequence-based research on their relationships. The mallards of North America, for example, are apparently mostly derived from some males which arrived from Siberia, settled down, and mated with American black duck ancestors.[8] See also Gamebird hybrids.
- Galloanserae young are remarkably mound-builders(megapodes) are fully feathered and even able to fly for prolonged distances as soon as they emerge from the nest mound.
Systematics and evolution
From the
As opposed to the
Relationship with humans
Spiritual meanings and representations
Fowl have deep spiritual meanings and roots in ancient cultures, such as Hinduism in India and in many Pagan cultures throughout the world. The peacock, for example, represents truth, beauty, honor, and strength and dreams of peacocks are referred to as good omens.[12]
As food
Fowl are frequently kept for both meat and eggs. Chickens, by far, are the most heavily consumed and farmed out of all of them. Other fowl commonly used in cooking include ducks, geese, turkeys and quail.
As game
Various species of fowl are hunted for both sport and food. Pheasants have been widely introduced and naturalized outside of their native range in Asia to Europe and North America for use as food and sport.[13]
References
- S2CID 212937591.
- PMID 32781465.
- ^ Sibley, C, Ahlquist, J. & Monroe, B. (1988)
- ^ Chubb, A. (2004)
- ^ Kriegs et al. (2007)
- ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
- ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
- ^ Kulikova, I. et al. (2005)
- PMID 26824065.
- ^ Benson, D. (1999)
- ^ Feduccia, A. (1999)
- ^ "Chicken Symbolism, Dreams, and Messages". Spirit Animal Totems. 2013-11-25. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
- ^ "Game birds, facts and photos". National Geographic Society. 23 November 2022.
Further reading
- Benson, D. (1999): Presbyornis isoni and other late Paleocene birds from North Dakota. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 69: 253–266.
- Chubb, A. (2004): New nuclear evidence for the oldest divergence among neognath birds: the phylogenetic utility of ZENK(i). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 140-151
- Feduccia, A. (1999): The Origin and Evolution of Birds, Second Edition. Yale University Press, New Haven.
- Kriegs, Jan Ole; Matzke, Andreas; Churakov, Gennady; Kuritzin, Andrej; Mayr, Gerald; Brosius, Jürgen & Schmitz, Jürgen (2007): Waves of genomic hitchhikers shed light on the evolution of gamebirds (Aves: Galliformes). BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 190 (Fulltext).
- Kulikova, Irina V.; Drovetski, S.V.; Gibson, D.D.; Harrigan, R.J.; Rohwer, S.; Sorenson, Michael D.; Winker, K.; Zhuravlev, Yury N. & McCracken, Kevin G. (2005): Phylogeography of the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos): Hybridization, dispersal, and lineage sorting contribute to complex geographic structure. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0949:POTMAP]2.0.CO;2
- Sibley, C.G.; Ahlquist, J.E. & Monroe, B.L. (1988): A classification of the living birds of the world based on DNA-DNA hybridization studies. Auk 105: 409–423.
External links
- . Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.