François Englert
François Englert | |
---|---|
Born | |
Alma mater | Free University of Brussels |
Known for | Higgs mechanism Higgs boson Spontaneous symmetry breaking |
Awards | Francqui Prize (1982) Wolf Prize in Physics (2004) Sakurai Prize (2010) Nobel Prize in Physics (2013) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Theoretical physics |
Institutions | Université libre de Bruxelles Tel Aviv University[1][2] |
François, Baron Englert (French:
Englert is professor emeritus at the
Englert has made contributions in
Englert was awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics, together with Peter Higgs for the discovery of the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism.[5]
Early life
François Englert is a Holocaust survivor.
Academic career
He graduated as an electromechanical engineer in 1955 from the
Brout–Englert–Higgs–Guralnik–Hagen–Kibble mechanism
[7]
Brout and Englert showed in 1964
To illustrate the structure, consider a ferromagnet which is composed of atoms each equipped with a tiny magnet. When these magnets are lined up, the inside of the ferromagnet bears a strong analogy to the way empty space can be structured. Gauge vector fields that are sensitive to this structure of empty space can only propagate over a finite distance. Thus, they mediate short range interactions and acquire mass. Those fields that are not sensitive to the structure propagate unhindered. They remain massless and are responsible for the long range interactions. In this way, the mechanism accommodates within a single unified theory both short and long-range interactions.
Major awards
- 1978 First Prize in the International Gravity Contest (with R. Brout and E. Gunzig), awarded by the Gravity Research Foundation for the essay "The Causal Universe".[14]
- 1982 Francqui Prize, awarded by the Francqui Foundation once every four years in exact sciences "For his contribution to the theoretical understanding of spontaneous symmetry breaking in the physics of fundamental interactions, where, with Robert Brout, he was the first to show that spontaneous symmetry breaking in gauge theories gives mass to the gauge particles, for his extensive contributions in other domains, such as solid state physics, statistical mechanics, quantum field theory, general relativity and cosmology, for the originality and the fundamental importance of these achievements".
- 1997 High Energy and Particle Physics Prize (with R. Brout and P.W. Higgs), awarded by the European Physical Society "For formulating for the first time a self-consistent theory of charged massive vector bosons which became the foundation of the electroweak theory of elementary particles".[15]
- 2004 Wolf Prize in Physics (with R. Brout and P.W. Higgs), awarded by the Wolf Foundation "For pioneering work that has led to the insight of mass generation, whenever a local gauge symmetry is realized asymmetrically in the world of sub-atomic particles".
- 2010 Kibble, Higgs, and Brout) awarded by The American Physical Society "For elucidation of the properties of spontaneous symmetry breaking in four-dimensional relativistic gauge theory and of the mechanism for the consistent generation of vector boson masses".[16]
- By Royal Decree of 8 July 2013 François Englert was ennobled a baron by King Albert II of Belgium.
- 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with Peter Higgs "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider".[5]
- 2013 Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research (with Peter Higgs and CERN) "for the theoretical prediction and experimental detection of the Higgs boson".[17]
See also
References
- ^ Tel Aviv U. affiliated prof. who is a Holocaust survivor wins Nobel for physics, The Jerusalem Post, Danielle Ziri, 10/08/2013
- ^ Tel Aviv University professor shares Nobel for physics, Haaretz, 8 October 2013
- ^ "CV". Francquifoundation.be. 17 April 1982. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
- ^ Publication list Archived 8 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013" (PDF) (Press release). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 8 October 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
- ^ "USC Shoah Foundation Institute testimony of Francois Englert - Collections Search - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum". collections.ushmm.org.
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- ^ "Physical Review Letters - 50th Anniversary Milestone Papers". Prl.aps.org. Archived from the original on 10 January 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
- ^ Fundamental Problems in Elementary Particle Physics, Proceedings of the 14th Solvay Conference, University of Brussels, 2–7 October 1967 (John Wiley, New York, 1968) page 18.
- ^ "Gravity Research Foundation Awards". Gravityresearchfoundation.org. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
- ^ "EPS High Energy Prize Laureates". www.eps.org.Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "American Physical Society - J. J. Sakurai Prize Winners". Aps.org. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
- ^ "Peter Higgs, François Englert and European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN: Prince of Asturias Award for Technical & Scientific Research 2013". Princess of Asturias Foundation. 29 October 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
External links
- Quotations related to François Englert at Wikiquote
- François Englert's personal webpage
- François Englert on Nobelprize.org