Francis de Rottenburg

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Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada
In office
1813–1813
MonarchGeorge III
Governor GeneralGeorge Prevost
Preceded byRoger Hale Sheaffe
Succeeded byGordon Drummond
Personal details
Born
Franz von Rottenburg

4 November 1757 (1757-11-04)
Danzig, Kingdom of Prussia
(now Gdańsk, Poland)
Died24 April 1832 (1832-04-25) (aged 74)
Portsmouth, England
NationalityPrussian
Military service
AllegianceKingdom of France
Kingdom of Prussia
United Kingdom
Branch/serviceFrench Army
Prussian Army
British Army
CommandsUpper Canada
Battles/warsFrench Revolutionary Wars
Irish Rebellion of 1798
Walcheren Campaign
War of 1812

Major-General Sir Francis de Rottenburg, baron de Rottenburg (4 November 1757 – 24 April 1832) was a military officer and colonial administrator who served in the armies of the Kingdom of France and later the United Kingdom.[1]

Early life and service

Franz von Rottenburg was born in Danzig, Kingdom of Prussia (now Gdańsk in Poland) 4 November 1757, son of Franz Gottlieb von Rottenburg (2 April 1725 – 2 March 1799) and Anna Maria Brunati (20 April 1739 – 15 October 1799). He served in the French Royal Army, under the name de Rottenburg rather than von Rottenburg, from March 1782 to September 1791, his service ending during the early years of the French Revolution, then returning to Danzig and commanding a battalion of infantry in Tadeusz Kościuszko's uprising.

In December 1795, de Rottenburg joined the British Army, serving in Hompesch's Hussars, a unit of foreign-born troops. In 1796 he helped to establish Hompesch's Light Infantry, which later became part of the 5th Battalion of the 60th Regiment of Foot. This battalion was formed mainly from German émigrés. De Rottenburg rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the unit, and commanded it during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 and the capture of Suriname in 1799.

De Rottenburg wrote a series of manuals (initially in German) which became the basis for the training of riflemen and light infantry under Sir John Moore. He later commanded a brigade of light troops in the Walcheren Campaign.

Service in North America

De Rottenburg was promoted to

Major General on the staff in British North America and arrived in Canada in 1810. When the War of 1812 with the United States broke out, he assumed command of the Montreal district. He assumed responsibility for both the civil and military leadership of Lower Canada on two occasions during the absence of Sir George Prevost
, the commander in chief.

In 1813, he succeeded Major General Sir

districts to force farmers to sell supplies to the army, an unpopular move which his successor repealed but was nevertheless forced to reimpose upon all of Upper Canada.

In December 1813, de Rottenburg was succeeded by Lieutenant General Sir Gordon Drummond, and returned to his previous posts in Lower Canada. Later in 1814, substantial British reinforcements arrived in Canada. Sir George Prevost prepared to invade the United States by way of Lake Champlain. He placed de Rottenburg in command of a division of three brigades (led by Major Generals Manley Power, Thomas Brisbane and Frederick Philipse Robinson). However, Prevost personally led the campaign, which was defeated at the Battle of Plattsburgh. Prevost, de Rottenburg and their staffs were criticised by the three brigade commanders, all of whom had seen much action in the Peninsular War, for their lack of fortitude at Plattsburgh.[2]

Later life

De Rottenburg was recalled to Britain in December 1814 and left

Lieutenant General on 12 August 1819. He died in Portsmouth
on 24 April 1832.

Family

De Rottenburg had married Juliana Wilhelmina Carolina von Orelli, the daughter of Johann Ulrich von Orelli, a Neapolitan general, in Bratislava on 4 January 1802. They had one son and one daughter:

  • George Frederick de Rottenburg was a British Army officer who arrived in Canada in 1830s and was militia officer in Upper Canada. Rottenburg left Canada in 1852.[3]
  • Frances de Rottenburg married Lord William Paget in 1827, with issue. She died 6 May 1875.

References

  1. ^ It remains unknown how and when Francis de Rottenburg obtained the title of baron, by which he was generally known while in the British army. He likely did not inherit it, but whether he was created a baron in France or in Poland or whether he simply assumed the title cannot be determined.
  2. ^ Galafilm site Archived 23 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  3. .

External links

Government offices
Preceded by
Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada

1813
Succeeded by