Franco-Russian Alliance

Events leading to World War I
Unification of Germany 1866–1871 Franco-Prussian War 1870–1871 Second Concert of Europe 1871 Great Eastern Crisis 1875–1878 Campaign in Bosnia 1878 Dual Alliance 1879 Boer Wars 1880–1902 Austro–Serbian Alliance 1881–1903 Triple Alliance 1882 Berlin Conference 1884 Bulgarian Crisis 1885–1888 Reinsurance Treaty 1887–1890 Franco-Russian Alliance 1894 Anglo-German naval arms race 1898–1912 Fashoda incident 1898 Anglo-Japanese Alliance 1902 Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905 Entente Cordiale 1904 First Moroccan Crisis 1905–1906 Pig War 1906–1908 Anglo-Russian Convention 1907 Young Turk Revolution 1908 Bosnian Crisis 1908–1909 Racconigi Bargain 1909 Second Moroccan Crisis 1911 Italo-Turkish War 1911–1912 Balkan Wars 1912–1913 Assassination of Franz Ferdinand 1914 July Crisis 1914
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The Franco-Russian Alliance (French: Alliance Franco-Russe, Russian: Франко-Русский Альянс, romanized: Franko-Russkiy Al'yans), also known as the Dual Entente or Russo-French Rapprochement (Rapprochement Franco-Russe, Русско-Французское Сближение; Russko-Frantsuzskoye Sblizheniye), was an alliance formed by the agreements of 1891–94; it lasted until 1917. The strengthening of the German Empire, the creation of the Triple Alliance of 1882, and the exacerbation of Franco-German and Russo-German tensions at the end of the 1880s led to a common foreign policy and mutual strategic military interests between France and Russia. The development of financial ties between the two countries created the economic prerequisites for the Russo-French Alliance.

The agreements

During

History

The history of the alliance dates to the beginning of the 1870s, to the contradictions engendered by the

At the end of the 1880s, Russo-German economic discrepancies grew stronger. The Russo-French political rapprochement contributed to the influx of French capital into Russia. At the end of the 1880s and the beginning of the 1890s, Russia received a number of large loans from France. The deterioration of Russo-German relations, the resurrection of the Triple Alliance in 1891, and the rumors that Great Britain would join the alliance laid the grounds for the conclusion of a political agreement between Russia and France. It was a response to the formation of a military bloc (the Triple Alliance) headed by Germany. In Europe, two opposing hostile imperialist blocs had formed.^[3]

Relying on Russian support, France intensified its colonial policy. After the

• Causes of World War I
• Foreign alliances of France
• French entry into World War I
• Historiography of the causes of World War I
• International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)
• List of military alliances
• Military alliance
• Triple Entente

References

Further reading

• Albrecht-Carrié, René. A Diplomatic History of Europe Since the Congress of Vienna (1958)
• Bovykin, V. I., & Spring, D. W. (1979). The Franco–Russian Alliance. History, 64(210), 20–35.
• Hamel, Catherine. La commémoration de l’alliance franco-russe : La création d’une culture matérielle populaire, 1890-1914 (French) (MA thesis, Concordia University, 2016) ; online
• Kennan, George Frost. The fateful alliance: France, Russia, and the coming of the First World War (1984) ; covers 1890 to 1894.
• Keiger, John F. V. (1983). France and the origins of the First World War. Macmillan.
  ISBN 9780333285527
  .
• Keiger, J.F.V. France and the World since 1870 (2001)
• Mansergh, Nicholas (1949). The Coming of the First World War. London: Longmans Green and Co.
• Otte, T. G. "From 'War-in-Sight' to Nearly War: Anglo–French Relations in the Age of High Imperialism, 1875–1898," Diplomacy and Statecraft (2006) 17#4 pp 693–714.
• Rich, Norman. Great power diplomacy, 1814-1914 (1992) pp 216-62, 391-407.
• Taylor, A.J.P. The struggle for mastery in Europe, 1848-1918 (1954), pp 325–345

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Franco-Russian Alliance.

• The original text of the agreement