Franco-Newfoundlander

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Franco-Newfoundlanders
Franco-Terreneuviens
Métis, French

Franco-Newfoundlanders, also known as Franco-Terreneuvians (or just Terreneuvians) in English or Franco-Terreneuviens in French, are

French Canadian residents of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.[1] The name Franco-Terreneuvian derives from Terre-Neuve, the French
name of Newfoundland.

The Franco-Newfoundlander community is most prominently associated with the

bilingual district. However, francophone communities are also present throughout the province, particularly in St. John's, Labrador City and Happy Valley-Goose Bay.[2]

Newfoundland and Labrador's francophone community and its culture derive from a unique mix of influences and immigrants from

St. Pierre and Miquelon, Brittany and the Basque Country, much of it predating Newfoundland's admission as a Canadian province in 1949.[3] Some aspects of the community's unique culture, however, have been lost or threatened as the community became more closely integrated into the mainstream of French Canadian culture and society after 1949.[4]

Flag

The Franco-Newfoundlander flag is based on the French tricolour and Acadian flag, with three unequal panels of blue, white, and red. Two yellow sails are set on the line between the white and red panels. The sail on top is charged with a spruce twig, while the bottom sail is charged with a pitcher flower. These emblems are outlined in black.

The sails represent early

Basque, Breton, and French fishermen that came to the area in 1504. At the same time, they are symbols of action and progress. The yellow is taken from the star of the Acadian flag. The spruce twig is the emblem of Labrador and is also found on the Labrador flag. Newfoundland and Labrador's provincial flower is the insect-eating pitcher plant
.

History

Since the 16th century, fishermen from

Treaty of Utrecht required France to abandon their settlements on the island and to recognize British sovereignty over it; however, the French were granted the French Shore (between Cape Bonavista and Point Riche) where they would be allowed to fish.[5] Most French settlers in Newfoundland left and went to Île-Royale. The Treaty of Paris, signed between the British and the French in 1763, ceded Saint Pierre and Miquelon from Newfoundland to France.[6] As English settlers started moving to Bonavista Bay and Notre Dame Bay
(both part of the French Shore), the location of the French Shore was moved to between Cape St. John and Cape Ray. France continued to fish along the French Shore until 1904.

While France was not permitted to establish settlements on the French Shore, some French people migrated to the region anyway. Migrants came from France and Saint-Pierre while some Acadians also settled on the shore. The highest concentration of French settlements was at Bay St. George. Some Mi'kmaq settled alongside the French (many Mi'kmaq people had Acadian ancestry); however, many of them hid their heritage and assimilated with the French.

In the 19th century, many English and Irish settlers arrived on the west coast and lived alongside the French. Many French people hid their French origins and often used English names (names such as "Benoît", "Aucoin", "Leblanc" and "Lejeune" became "Bennett", "O'Quinn", "White" and "Young").

Language

Historically, Franco-Newfoundlanders were associated with the distinct

Maritime Provinces, or Quebec French
, which is the primary dialect of French instruction in schools.

The majority of Franco-Newfoundlanders, however, live their day-to-day lives partially or predominantly in English, due to their status as a small minority in a primarily anglophone province. In the

Canada 2006 Census, just 650 people in the entire province identified themselves as being exclusively French-speaking,[7] while 30,545 identified themselves as being of at least partial French descent.[8]

Tony Cornect, the Port au Port region's representative in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 2007 to 2015, became the first Member of the House of Assembly in the province ever to take his oath in French when he was sworn into office in 2007.[9]

Media

Espace musique
's station in Halifax, has a rebroadcaster in St. John's.

The only francophone radio or television service which originates programming in the province is CJRM-FM, a community radio station in Labrador City. In 2009, that station applied to the CRTC to add rebroadcasters in La Grand'Terre and St. John's.[10]

A provincewide francophone newspaper, Le Gaboteur, is published in St. John's.[11]

Culture

The community's main political and social organization is the Fédération des Francophones de Terre-Neuve et du Labrador.

One of the most famous francophone Newfoundlanders was Émile Benoît, a fiddler from L'Anse-aux-Canards.[12]

Figgy Duff and "Dans la prison de Londres" on their 1982 album After the Tempest, as well as a song titled for Benoît, "Emile's Reels". A volume of Franco-Newfoundlander folk songs, Songs Sung by French Newfoundlanders, was published by Memorial University of Newfoundland in 1978.[13]

Other notable Franco-Newfoundlanders

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Port-au-Port Peninsula". Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage.
  2. ^ Modern Francophones. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage.
  3. ^ French Settlement. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage.
  4. ^ Gerald Thomas, The Two Traditions: The Art of Storytelling amongst French Newfoundlanders. Breakwater Press, 1993.
  5. ^ "French Presence in Newfoundland".
  6. ^ "Treaty of Paris (1763)".
  7. ^ Population by language spoken most often at home and age groups, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories.
  8. ^ Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories.
  9. ^ "Port au Port MHA pledges oath in French". cbc.ca, March 5, 2007.
  10. ^ Broadcasting Notice of Consultation CRTC 2009-431
  11. ^ "Le Gaboteur". Archived from the original on 2009-02-11. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  12. ^ Émile Benoît. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage.
  13. ^ Franco-Canadian Folk Music. The Canadian Encyclopedia.

External links

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