Frank S. Farley
Frank S. Farley | |
---|---|
2nd district (1968–72) | |
Member of the New Jersey General Assembly from the Atlantic County district | |
In office 1938–1941 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S. | December 5, 1901
Died | September 24, 1977 Ventnor City, New Jersey, U.S. | (aged 75)
Political party | Republican |
Spouse | Marie Fey |
Alma mater | Georgetown University |
Profession | Lawyer |
Francis Sherman "Hap" Farley (December 5, 1901 – September 24, 1977) was a New Jersey State Senator from Atlantic County, New Jersey, described by The New York Times in 1977 as "probably the most powerful legislator in New Jersey history".[1] He served for what was then a record 34 years in the New Jersey Legislature and was throughout that period the political leader of the Republican political machine that controlled the Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Atlantic County governments.
Biography
Farley was born December 5, 1901, in Atlantic City, the youngest of ten children born to James and Maria (Clowney) Farley.[2][3] As a youth, teammates gave him the nickname "Happy", which was shortened to "Hap" as he got older.[2] He attended the St. Nicholas of Tolentine grammar school before advancing to Atlantic City High School where he met his future wife, Marie "Honey" Feyl.[4] In high school, Farley was an accomplished baseball, football, and basketball player. He was expelled from Atlantic City High School in 1920 after playing at the YMCA with teammates against a team of African American college students who were barred from playing on their collegiate teams. Atlantic City High School had a strict policy that no varsity players could play in any other league or competition. For his senior year, Farley attended the Wenonah Military Academy which recruited him for his athletic accomplishments. He went on to attend the University of Pennsylvania, before graduating from Georgetown Law School in 1925. After his education was complete, he married Marie Feyl and began practicing law in Atlantic City.[3]
In the legislature
In 1937, Farley was elected to represent Atlantic County in the
Farley's first move as a crime boss was to separate the organization's political aspect from its criminal one. He appointed
Farley rose through the leadership ranks of the State Senate to become Senate majority leader in January, 1944.[6] By early 1945 he was Senate President.[7] At different times during his tenure as state senator, Farley was chairman of all of the major Senate committees. He was also president of the Jersey Senate 21 Club, which was composed of all twenty-one New Jersey senators, Republican and Democrat, from 1941 to 1965. For many years, Senator Farley hosted "Senate at the Shore": a retreat for the senators and their wives in Atlantic City where Republicans and Democrats could share in relationship-building events. Farley was chairman of the Atlantic County Republican Committee from 1941 to 1972 and treasurer of Atlantic County from 1944 to 1971. He also re-instituted the New Jersey Republican Chairmen's Association and was elected president of that body from 1952 to 1972. Farley was Senate president pro tem in 1946, 1963, 1964, 1965, and 1968. Senator Farley was acting Governor of New Jersey on many occasions, serving for various governors. He was a delegate to the New Jersey Constitutional Convention in 1947 and 1966.[3][1][4]
Farley was endeared by his constituents for accomplishing legislation that brought the Atlantic City State Marina in 1941 (renamed the Senator Frank S. Farley State Marina in 1971), sanctioned horse racing and parimutuel betting to the state which brought about the
Senator Farley's efforts also reached those most in need in Atlantic County. His bills brought free vaccines to needy children in 1955, established the New Jersey Division against Discrimination in Education in 1960, produced the Atlantic County Improvement Authority, brought about tax deductions for veterans and senior citizens, and established a senior citizen nonprofit housing tax exemption in 1965, Farley's urban renewal bill, passed in 1949, and the state Mosquito Control and Inland Waterway commissions aimed to improve the quality of life for his constituents, particularly.
The pristine beaches and world famous boardwalk are two of Atlantic City's main attractions. However, storms often destroy and erode sections of both. To counter this, Senator Farley put forward a permanent annual appropriation for the resort beaches. 75 percent of this was provided by the state and 25 percent was provided by
When Farley entered the New Jersey Senate, each of the state's twenty-one counties was represented by one senator. This resulted in the smaller counties, which included most South Jersey counties, having an equal amount of power in the senate. Still, Farley was very effective in assembling a majority of the twenty-one senators to support his proposals. Farley's legislative power was ultimately diluted as a result of the United States Supreme Court's 1962 decision in Baker v. Carr, which required that representation in state legislatures be based on population, not counties. As a result, the size of the state senate grew to forty members, with most of the new seats representing districts in North Jersey, and it was much more difficult for Farley to advocate for Atlantic County and southern New Jersey.[2]
While Farley served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention, he was instrumental in getting the New Jersey delegation at the 1968 Republican National Convention to switch their support from favorite son Clifford P. Case to Richard Nixon.[3]
In the latter part of Farley's legislative career, a growing number of Atlantic City activists and leaders proposed the legalization of casino gambling as a way to rebuild the deteriorated city and rejuvenate its declining economy. Until near the end of his senatorial career, Farley refused to back casino gambling, a position that some close to him attributed to a desire to avoid the scrutiny that gambling would bring.[2] During his final year as state senator, however, Farley did attempt to enact legislation to authorize a referendum that would legalize gambling in Atlantic City. The proposed legislation, which was officially sponsored by Farley's political ally Senator Frank X. McDermott (R-Union) because Farley feared a backlash if he publicly appeared to support it, lacked safeguards and was soundly defeated in the Senate.[9]
After leaving the legislature
In 1971, Farley was defeated in his attempt for reelection by Dr. Joseph McGahn, the Democratic candidate.[10]
In the early 1970s, after Farley left office, the
In 1974, supporters of legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City succeeded in having a referendum placed on the New Jersey general election ballot that would have permitted casino gambling throughout the state. After the proposal was soundly defeated by voters, some criticized the failure of proponents of the measure to involve Farley in the effort,[12] and Farley also expressed disappointment in not having been involved.[11]
After their defeat in 1974, supporters of gambling regrouped under the continued direction of
Farley died on September 24, 1977, at his home in
Further reading
- White, J.T. "Farley, Frank Sherman", The National Cyclopedia of American Biography, vol. 60, Clifton, N.J., J.T. White & Co. Publishing, 1981 ISBN 0-883710-35-8
- Johnson, Nelson. Boardwalk Empire, Medford, N.J., Plexus Publishing, 2002 ISBN 0-937548-49-9.
References
- ^ a b c d e f Staff. "In Honor of Fighting Frank Farley", The New York Times, April 11, 1977. Accessed July 25, 2012.
- ^ ISBN 0-937548-49-9
- ^ a b c d e f g Kleiman, Dena. "Frank S. Farley, 75, Ex-Legislator And G.O.P. Leader in Jersey, Dies", The New York Times, September 25, 1977. Accessed July 25, 2012. "Frank S. Farley, a former New Jersey State Senator who served 34 years in the Legislature longer than anyone in New Jersey history and was regarded as one of the state's most influential politicians, died yesterday at his home in Ventnor, N.J. He was 75 years old."
- ^ ISBN 0883710358. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
- ^ "TWO HELD SEEKING JOHNSON'S MANTLE; Senator Farley Claims It -- Mayor Taggart Not Talking", The New York Times, July 28, 1941. Accessed August 18, 2008.
- ^ "Jersey Demands Income Tax Curb", The New York Times, January 12, 1944, p. 25
- ^ "EDUCATION BILLS PASS JERSEY SENATE", The New York Times, March 24, 1944, p. 15
- ^ "Summary of Gaming and Atlantic City Taxes and Fees" (PDF). nj.gov. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- ^ a b Sternlieb, George and Hughes, James W. The Atlantic City Gamble, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1983
- ^ Carroll, Maurice. "DEMOCRATIC GAINS POSTED IN JERSEY; G.O.P. Control of Assembly Imperiled and Senate Edge Is Cut -- Farley Beaten Jersey Democrats Score Gains in the Legislature", The New York Times, November 3, 1971. Accessed August 18, 2008.
- ^ a b Sardella, Carlo M. "At 74, Farley Reminisces on Politics", The New York Times, December 7, 1975. Accessed July 25, 2012.
- ^ Staff. "Outlook Is Bleak For Atlantic City; Gambling Setback Casts a Pall Over Atlantic City Mayors Unit to Meet", The New York Times, November 10, 1974, p. 89. Accessed July 25, 2012.
- ^ Sardella, Carlo M. "Atlantic City Bets on Casinos", The New York Times, July 18, 1976, p. 268. Accessed July 25, 2012.
- ISBN 0-19-516753-8, p. 178