Frank Stanton (executive)
Frank Stanton | |
---|---|
Born | Frank Nicholas Stanton March 20, 1908 Muskegon, Michigan, U.S. |
Died | December 24, 2006 Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. | (aged 98)
Occupation | President of CBS |
Spouse | Ruth Stephenson |
Parent(s) | Josephine Schmidt Frank Cooper Stanton |
Frank Nicholas Stanton (March 20, 1908 – December 24, 2006) was an
Early life
Stanton was born March 20, 1908, in Muskegon, Michigan, to Helen Josephine Schmidt and Frank Cooper Stanton. He attended Stivers School for the Arts (then called Stivers High School) in Dayton, Ohio. He then attended Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio, receiving a B.A. in 1930. He married his childhood sweetheart, Ruth Stephenson, in 1931. He taught for one year in the manual arts department of a high school in Dayton, then attended Ohio State University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1935. He also held a diploma from the American Board of Professional Psychology. His doctoral thesis was entitled A Critique of Present Methods and a New Plan for Studying Radio Listening Behavior; for his research, he invented a device that would make a reliable, automatic record of radio listening.
Soon after earning his Ph.D., Stanton became the third employee in the CBS research department. By 1942 he was a vice president of CBS and a fellow of the American Association of Applied Psychology, as well as a member of the
Career
Color television
Stanton helped lead the fight for color television. By 1950 CBS had been working on its field-sequential system of color TV for a decade. On October 11, 1950 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved CBS's system as the first official color standard for commercial broadcasting in the U.S.,[3] although subsequent court challenges delayed actual commercial broadcasting until June 25, 1951.
On that day, Stanton appeared on an hour-long special, Premiere, with Robert Alda, Faye Emerson, Ed Sullivan, Arthur Godfrey, William S. Paley and others to introduce the CBS color system.[4]
CBS color broadcasting only lasted for four months. CBS suspended it when the manufacture of color television receivers was halted by the US government as part of the Korean War effort.[5] When the ban on color sets was rescinded in 1953, CBS announced that it had no plans to resume broadcasting using its field-sequential color system.[6] A major problem with the CBS system was that the video was not "compatible" with existing black-and-white TV sets. A competing dot-sequential color system being developed by RCA was compatible, and in late 1953, the FCC switched its approval to an RCA-based system of broadcasting color TV.[7]
1950s controversies
During the period of
Stanton played a role in the infamous controversy involving
Role in televising presidential debates
Stanton organized the first televised
The debates, however, ceased after the 1960 election, as Lyndon B. Johnson avoided debating in 1964, and Nixon, widely perceived to have made a poor impression on television viewers in 1960, declined to debate in 1968 and in 1972. Thus televised presidential debates did not resume until 1976, when incumbent president Gerald Ford, perceiving he was behind in the polls, agreed to debate challenger Jimmy Carter.
Quiz show scandals
While
The Selling of the Pentagon
As president of CBS, Stanton's greatest battle with the government occurred in 1971, and focused on just this parallel to print press rights. The controversy surrounded "The Selling of the Pentagon," a CBS Reports documentary, which exposed the huge expenditure of public funds, partly illegal, to promote militarism. The confrontation raised the issue of whether television news programming deserved protection under the First Amendment.[13]
The program came under intense criticism from two men who appeared on the program, from the House of Representatives, other media and some prominent politicians. Daniel Henkins, Undersecretary of Defense for Public Relations, charged that statements from his interview with Roger Mudd about his work had been doctored, as did Col. John MacNeil, who accused CBS of rearranging his comments in a speech he gave about the situation in Southeast Asia. The Investigations Subcommittee of the House Commerce Committee subpoenaed CBS's outtakes to determine whether or not distortion had taken place. Meanwhile, critics at the Washington Post and Time magazine, while not taking issue with the thesis of "Selling" that the Pentagon was engaging in propaganda, objected to the editing techniques employed in its production. The program was also criticized by Vice President Spiro Agnew and Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird.[13]
Against threat of jail, Stanton refused the subpoena from the
For his efforts in that situation, Stanton was awarded one of three personal Peabody Awards (the others coming in 1959 and 1960). He also shared two other Peabodys that were awarded to CBS as a network.
Retirement
Stanton was required to retire from CBS at 65 by a policy he had established. Although he said he "wasn't about to break" his own policy, it is often speculated that he wanted to stay on longer but was prevented from doing so by Paley. The two men had a bitter relationship by the time of Stanton's retirement: Stanton resented being forced to retire and being denied the chairmanship of CBS, while Paley thought Stanton ungrateful for Paley's contribution to his career.[14] Stanton continued his relationship with CBS, contractually receiving at least $100,000 per year for consulting until 1988, plus office space, secretarial support, and other expenses. In 1975 Stanton held about 355,000 shares in CBS, then worth more than $18 million.[14] After CBS Stanton made numerous investments in start-ups and other companies.[citation needed]
Philanthropy
Stanton served for many years as a
From 1969 to 1970, while still president of CBS, Stanton served on the Metropolitan Museum of Art's 100th Anniversary Committee.[16]
Death and legacy
Stanton died in his sleep at his home in Boston on December 24, 2006, at the age of 98.[1]
The Center for Communication in New York, founded by Stanton in 1980, presents a Frank Stanton Award annually to "individuals who exemplify achievement and excellence in any genre of mass communication". The Center's mission is to connect students of media to professionals in the industry. Stanton cofounded with Andrew Heiskell the Center for Public Policy in Telecommunication at the City University of New York.[17]
The Frank Stanton Studios in Los Angeles house American Public Media's Marketplace Productions.[18]
The
The philanthropic Stanton Foundation was created upon his death.[21] On October 5, 2011 the Stanton Foundation awarded the Wikimedia Foundation $3.6 million, the foundation's largest-ever grant.[22] The Frank Stanton Veterinary Spectrum of Care Clinic at the Ohio State University was named in his honor when it opened in spring 2021. [23]
Accolades
- 1957: Paul White Award, Radio Television Digital News Association[24]
- 1971: Paul White Award, Radio Television Digital News Association[24]
- 1984: Walter Cronkite Award for Excellence in Journalism.[25]
- 1986: Television Hall of Fame[26]
- 1990: National Radio Hall of Fame[27]
References
- ^ a b Noble, Holcomb B. (December 26, 2006). "Frank Stanton, Broadcasting Pioneer, Dies at 98". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- ^ "We Pay Our Respects To— Frank Stanton". Broadcasting and Broadcast Advertising. 23 (25). Washington, D.C.: Broadcasting Publications, Inc.: 41–42 December 21, 1942.
- ^ "Color TV is Due Nov. 20, Barring Legal Difficulty". Toledo Blade (Ohio). United Press. 1950-10-12. p. 2. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
- ^ "Premiere (TV 1951)". IMDb. CBS 105th Street Studios, New York City, New York, USA. 1951.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ "RCA Color-TV Future Rosy As Defense Curbs Hit CBS". The Billboard. 1951-10-27. p. 1. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ^ Gould, Jack (1953-03-26). "C. B. S. Jettisons Monopoly On Color Video Production". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ^ Gould, Jack (1953-12-18). "COMPATIBLE COLOR APPROVED FOR TV; F.C.C. Reverses Itself -- Signal Receivable on Present Sets in Black and White". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ^ a b Mayer, Michael S. "Stanton, Frank." The Eisenhower Years. Facts on File library of American history. Infobase Publishing, 2009. p. 772
- ^ Cox, Jim. American Radio Networks: A History. McFarland, 2009. pp 59-60
- ^ a b c Barnouw, Erik. Media Marathon: A Twentieth-century Memoir. Duke University Press, 1996. pp. 175-176
- ^ "TV Ban Criticized". Fort Lauderdale News. 1959-10-17. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
- ^ "CQ Almanac Online Edition". library.cqpress.com. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
- ^ a b c
Salant, Richard S (1999). Buzenberg, Susan; Buzenberg, Bill (eds.). Salant, CBS, and the Battle for the Soul of Broadcast Journalism: The Memoirs of Richard S Salant. Westview. pp. 364. ISBN 0813390915.
- ^ New York Magazine, July 21, 1975. p. 50
- Red Cross. Archived from the originalon December 30, 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
Having volunteered with the Red Cross in the areas of public information and fundraising for many years, he was appointed Chairman of the organization by President Nixon following his retirement from CBS. His was a strong, decisive, hands-on approach to American Red Cross activities that included increasing the organization's participation on the international Red Cross scene and reinvigorating the Board of Governors' involvement in Red Cross affairs. Along with President Elsey, Stanton strongly supported membership of the Israeli Red Cross equivalent, Magen David Adom, in the International Red Cross Movement.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
- ^ Sterling, Christopher H. (ed). "Stanton, Frank N." Biographical Dictionary of Radio. Routledge, 2013. p. 362
- ^ "Frank Stanton" (PDF). The Frank Stanton Studios house Minnesota Public Radio's Marketplace Productions and Southern California Public Radio's KPCC 89.3. 2002-02-19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-26.
- ^ Brozan, Nadine (December 4, 1997). "Chronicle". The New York Times. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
- ^ "Stanton trust supports three initiatives". Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Animal Rescue League of Boston receives $3 million grant to establish a center for shelter dogs". 2008-02-12. Archived from the original on June 4, 2008. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
- ^ "Press releases/Stanton Foundation Awards Wikimedia $3.6 Million for Technology Improvements – Wikimedia Foundation". wikimediafoundation.org.
- ^ "College announces creation of Frank Stanton Veterinary Spectrum of Care Clinic | College of Veterinary Medicine". vet.osu.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-22.
- ^ a b "Paul White Award". Radio Television Digital News Association. Archived from the original on 2013-02-25. Retrieved 2014-05-27.
- ^ Arizona State University. "Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication". Retrieved November 23, 2016.
- ^ "Television Hall of Fame Honorees: Complete List".
- ^ "Frank Stanton". www.radiohof.org.
Further reading
- Buxton, William J., and Charles R. Acland. "Interview with Dr. Frank N. Stanton: Radio research pioneer." Journal of Radio Studies (2001) 8#1 pp: 191-229.
- Dunham, Corydon B. Fighting for the first amendment: Stanton of CBS vs. Congress and the Nixon White House (Praeger Publishers, 1997)
- William Buzenberg and PattiRai Rudolph, Minnesota Public Radio (2003-03-11). "The Memoirs Of Frank Stanton".
- Garth Jowett and Laura Ashley. "Frank Stanton biography". Museum of Broadcast Communications. Archived from the original on May 13, 2013.
- "Notable New Yorkers – Frank Stanton: Biography, photographs, and interviews of Frank Stanton". Columbia University Oral History Research Office.