Frascati

Coordinates: 41°49′N 12°41′E / 41.817°N 12.683°E / 41.817; 12.683
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Frascati (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Frascati, Warsaw.
Frascati
Comune
Città di Frascati
Frascati
Frascati
Coat of arms of Frascati
Coat of arms
Location of Frascati
Map
UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
00044
Dialing code06
Patron saintSaints Apostles Philip and James
Saint dayMay 3
Websitecomune.frascati.rm.it
Matteo Greuter
(1620).

Frascati (pronounced [fraˈskaːti]) is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills close to the ancient city of Tusculum. Frascati is closely associated with science, being the location of several international scientific laboratories.

Frascati produces the

with the same name
. It is also a historical and artistic centre.

History

The most important archeological finding in the area, dating back to

Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus, who married Agrippina the Younger, mother of Nero. His properties were later confiscated by the Flavian imperial dynasty (69–96 AD). Consul Flavius Clemens lived in the villa with his wife Domitilla during the rule of Domitian
.

According to the

San Giovanni in Laterano, but in the following centuries its territories were ravaged by frequent raids that impoverished it. It was owned by various baronial families, including the Colonna, until, in 1460, Pope Pius II
fortified the city with walls.

At the beginning of the sixteenth century,

condottiero Marcantonio I Colonna
, who lived there from 1508 together with his wife Lucrezia della Rovere (1485–1552), niece of Pope Julius II. In 1515 Colonna gave Frascati its first statute, Statuti e Capituli del Castello di Frascati, under the Latin title Populus antiquae civitas Tusculi.

In 1518 a hospital was built, named after St. Sebastiano, in memory of the old basilica destroyed in the 9th century. After Prince Colonna's death in 1522, Lucrezia della Rovere sold Frascati to

Paul III
.

On May 1, 1527, a Landsknecht company, after having sacked Rome, arrived out of the bordering villages. However, the soldiers changed the direction of their movement next to a niche, a "Rural Aedicule" consecrated to the Virgin Mary, and the town was therefore saved. This event is commemorated by a church now called Capocroce.

In 1538, Pope

Paul III
conferred the title of "Civitas" to Frascati, with the name "Tusculum Novum". In 1598 construction began on a new cathedral dedicated to St. Peter.

On September 15, 1616, the first public and free school in Europe was established on the initiative of

Saint Joseph Calasanz
.

Religious holiday in Frascati: arrival of St Joseph Calasanz and the image of Our Lady (1823).

On June 18, 1656, a part of the plaster peeled off a wall inside the Church of St. Mary in Vivario, and an ancient fresco became visible. It was the image of Saints

Roch, protector from the plague. In that same year there was an epidemic of plague
in Rome but Frascati was unaffected. Since that year, the two Saints have been co-patron Saints of the city. There are statues of the two saints in the façade of the Cathedral.

Between 1713 and 1729, the head from a colossus of Antinous was discovered in the area, and displayed in the Villa Mondragone. In 1757 the Valle theater opened in the centre of the town, and in 1761 the fortress changed to a princely palace under the patronage of Cardinal Henry Stuart, Duke of York.

In 1809 Frascati was annexed to the French Empire, and selected as the capital of the Roman canton.

In autumn 1837, there was a plague epidemic in Rome, and 5,000 people left Rome. Frascati was the only city that opened its doors to them. Since then Frascati's flag has been the same as Rome's, yellow and red. In 1840 the "Accademia Tuscolana" was founded in the city by Cardinal-Bishop Ludovico Micara.

In 1856 the city was chosen as the terminus of the

Tivoli
.

In 1906, an electric

Rome and Fiuggi Rail Road
, called "Vicinali", was opened for service in 1916. It connected Frascati, Monte Porzio Catone, Monte Compatri and San Cesareo. This tram line was destroyed in 1943 and was replaced by buses.

In 1943, during

Nazi German occupation on June 4, 1944, by the 85th Infantry Division. In 1944–1945 the ruins of the buildings were used to fill in a valley, and that land now supports the "8 September Stadium". [clarification needed
]

Main sights

Villas

Frascati is famous for its notable villas, which were built from the 16th century onwards by Popes, cardinals and Roman nobles as "status symbols" of Roman aristocracy. These country houses were designed for social activities rather than farming. The villas are substantially well preserved, or have been carefully and authentically restored following damage during World War II.

Villa Aldobrandini.

The main villas are:

Fountain in Piazza San Pietro surmounted with the papal crossed keys

Religious sites

The Miraculous fresco of the Madonna di Capocroce which was crowned in 1713 and is the patroness of Frascati

Museums

  • The civic archaeological museum at the Scuderie Aldobrandini ("Aldobrandini Stables") exhibits archaeological finds from the ancient city of Tusculum and the nearby area. It has scale models of the Tuscolane Villas.
  • The Ethiopian Museum of Cardinal Guglielmo Massaia (1809–1889), a missionary who was buried here, in the Capuchin friary, whose church is dedicated to St. Francis of Assisi, houses works by Giulio Romano and Cristoforo Roncalli. It can be visited on request.

Twin towns – sister cities

Frascati is twinned with:[4]

Each year young people from Frascati and the other towns compete against one another in the Twin Towns Sports Competition, which is hosted in turn by each of the five towns. In the Torlonia Park in Frascati, there are roads named after each of the twin towns.

Science laboratories

During the latter half of the 1950s, the first Italian particle accelerator was developed in Frascati by INFN, and the INFN still has a major particle physics laboratory in the town, the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati. Frascati now also hosts the following laboratories:

The OECD's Frascati Manual, a methodology for research and development statistics, originated from a meeting at the Villa Falconieri in June 1963.

Literature and music

Novels and books partly or wholly set in Frascati include:

Some operas mention Frascati, including La Frascatana (L'Enfante de Zamora), 1774, by Giovanni Paisiello

Notable people

Frascati was the birthplace of:

Frascati has drawn many famous people to live there for a time including:

References

  1. ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  3. ^ Scrivener, Jane (1945). Inside Rome with Germans. MacMillan. p. 1.
  4. ^ "Città gemellate". comune.frascati.rm.it (in Italian). Frascati. Retrieved 2019-12-19.

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Frascati.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frascati.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Frascati".


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frascati&oldid=1173933203"