Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.
Frazier Glenn Miller Jr. | |
---|---|
Overland Park, Kansas, U.S. | |
Killed | 3-6[a] |
Weapons | Remington Model 870 Handgun |
Frazier Glenn Miller Jr. (November 23, 1940 – May 3, 2021), commonly known as Glenn Miller or Frazier Glenn Cross,
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On April 13, 2014, Miller was arrested following the shooting in
On August 31, 2015, Miller was found guilty in the Overland Park shooting of one count of capital murder, three counts of attempted murder and assault and weapons charges.[10] Eight days later, the same jury recommended that Miller be executed.[11] On November 10, 2015, he was formally sentenced to death. Miller died on death row on May 3, 2021.
Early life and education
Frazier Glenn Miller Jr., a native of
Miller was introduced to white racialist politics by reading a copy of The Thunderbolt, a newsletter published by Edward Reed Fields of the National States' Rights Party, which had been given to him by his father. He was present as a member of the National Socialist Party of America during the Greensboro massacre on November 3, 1979.[14] He was discharged from the U.S. Army later that year for distributing racist propaganda.[15][16]
White Patriot Party
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In 1980, Miller founded the Carolina Knights of the
After the
During Miller's time as leader of the WPP, he unsuccessfully sought the Democratic Party's nomination for Governor of North Carolina in 1984, and then the Republican Party's nomination for one of North Carolina's seats in the United States Senate in 1986.[19] He placed last of the three candidates in the Republican primary with 6,652 votes.[20]
1987 arrest and conviction
In January 1985, Miller signed an agreement with Southern Poverty Law Center leader Morris Dees in exchange for dropping a lawsuit that the SPLC had brought against him. In July 1986, however, Miller was accused of violating the terms of the agreement by operating what was deemed a paramilitary training camp. He was found guilty of a criminal contempt-of-court charge. He was sentenced to a year in prison, with six months of the term suspended, and ordered to have no contact with white supremacists.
Dated April 6, 1987, a typewritten letter titled "Declaration of War", signed by Miller, was mailed to 5,000 recipients.
Miller was arrested on April 30, 1987, after authorities raided a
Miller was indicted in May 1987 for violating 18 U.S.C. § 876 (communicating a threat via U.S. mail).[25] He pleaded guilty to avoid numerous other violations of federal law and was sentenced to five years in prison. After his arrest, Miller agreed to testify against several defendants in the Fort Smith sedition trial. He served three years (1987–1990) in federal prison following his conviction for weapons violations, as well as for violating the injunction proscribing him from engaging in paramilitary activities.[6][17] When he was released, he was given the name Frazier Glenn Cross Jr., which he used for several years before ultimately reverting to his birth name. Legally, his name remains Cross.[2]
Shelby, North Carolina murders
Not long after his arrest, Miller told authorities that Robert Jackson and Douglas Sheets were responsible for a shooting at a gay adult bookstore in Shelby, North Carolina. The shooting occurred on January 17, 1987 and resulted in three deaths and two serious injuries. Sheets and Jackson were indicted for the murders in November 1987. Miller testified against Sheets at his trial in 1989, but Sheets was acquitted of all charges in the shooting while charges against Jackson were dropped after Sheets' acquittal.[26]
Subsequent activities
After his release from prison, Miller began
By 2002, Miller had moved to
In 2004, Miller posted an essay calling on Americans to rise up against Jews, people of color, immigrants, LGBT people, abortion, and
In 2006, Miller ran as an independent write-in candidate against Rep. Roy Blunt, in the 7th Congressional District of Missouri.[31]
In 2009, he published an essay criticizing abortion, LGBT rights, and church-state separation as a government attack on white Christians: "And so now you know why ... the government legalized the abortion murders of over 35 million White gentile infants; why faggots have been legalized; ... why Christian prayers and the Christian bible were kicked out of public schools."[32]
As a
Despite legal challenges from Missouri
Miller lived for a time under an assumed identity as an
Shooting and trial
On April 13, 2014, Miller was named the only suspect for the shooting earlier that day in suburban
The SPLC reported that, according to Miller's wife Marge, Miller had gone to a casino in Missouri the afternoon prior to the shootings. Miller called his wife the next morning at around 10:30 to tell her "his winnings were up and all was well."[42] The shootings occurred less than three hours after the phone call.[43] According to a November 15 interview with The Kansas City Star, Miller alleged he began planning the shootings in late March when he became convinced that he was dying from emphysema.[44]
Attorneys who were assigned to work for Miller during the pre-trial period presented prosecutors with an offer where Miller would plead guilty to first-degree murder and accept a sentence of life imprisonment without parole if the death penalty was nixed in his case; the DA handling the case bluntly said that Miller would not get any plea deal under any conditions, and Miller's attempt to demand a plea bargain during the trial was dismissed by the judge because no offer had ever been made and the issue was not admissible as it was non-material. Miller represented himself during his trial, ranting and raising bizarre objections such as one regarding witnesses' oaths "because they did not include the word God."[45] Miller and his main supporter, the neo-Nazi Alex Linder, attempted to present hours worth of "evidence" that Miller's actions were justified but were only able to get a few statements on the record before being shut down by the prosecution and the presiding judge. On August 31, 2015, Miller was found guilty of one count of capital murder, three counts of attempted murder, and assault and weapons charges.[10] On September 8, a Kansas jury recommended he get the death penalty.[46] On November 10, 2015, Miller was formally sentenced to death by Johnson County District Judge Thomas Kelly Ryan.[47] On March 29, 2021, Miller appealed his death sentence, arguing that the Court should not have allowed him to represent himself at trial (a complete shift from his stance at the actual trial, where he told the presiding judge that he would be fine as his own attorney because "my IQ is probably higher than yours"), while questioning the constitutionality of capital punishment.[48] While Miller's death renders the appeal moot in his case, the court has said it will still hold a hearing to find out if there are legal issues involved that could apply to other cases. No statements or releases regarding this hypothetical proceeding have been produced as of January 2024.
Death
Miller died in prison on May 3, 2021,[49] at the age of 80.[50] The cause of his death has not been identified, but the Kansas Department of Corrections stated that "preliminary assessment indicates the death was due to natural causes."[51]
Electoral history
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Rufus L. Edmisten
|
295,051 | 30.87 | |
Democratic | H. Edward Knox | 249,286 | 26.08 | |
Democratic | Duncan McLauchlin "Lauch" Faircloth | 153,210 | 16.03 | |
Democratic | Thomas O. Gilmore | 82,299 | 8.61 | |
Democratic | James C. "Jimmy" Green | 80,775 | 8.45 | |
Democratic | John R. Ingram | 75,248 | 7.87 | |
Democratic | Robert L. Hannon | 9,476 | 0.99 | |
Democratic | Frazier Glenn Miller Jr. | 5,790 | 0.61 | |
Democratic | J. Andrew Barker | 3,148 | 0.33 | |
Democratic | J. D. Whaley | 1,516 | 0.16 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | James T. Broyhill | 139,570 | 66.52 | |
Republican | David Funderburk | 63,593 | 30.31 | |
Republican | Frazier Glenn Miller Jr. | 6,662 | 3.17 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Roy Blunt | 160,911 | 66.75 | |
Democratic | Jack Truman | 72,573 | 30.10 | |
Libertarian | Kevin Craig | 7,565 | 3.14 | |
Write-In | Frazier Glenn Miller Jr. | 23 | 0.01 | |
Republican hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Roy Blunt | 1,054,160 | 54.2 | |
Democratic | Robin Carnahan | 789,736 | 40.6 | |
Libertarian | Jonathan Dine | 58,663 | 3.0 | |
Constitution | Jerry Beck | 41,309 | 2.1 | |
Write-In | Frazier Glenn Miller Jr. | 7 | 0.0 | |
Republican hold |
Bibliography
- A White Man Speaks Out (1999) ASIN B0722DBGY9
Notes
- ^ Miller was potentially involved in the Shelby bookstore murders in 1987, in which three people were killed. However, he was not charged for the murders and the case is officially unsolved.
References
- ^ Sullivan, Becky (May 4, 2021). "Man Who Shot And Killed 3 At Kansas Jewish Centers Dies In Prison". NPR. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
- ^ a b c Moxley, Elle (March 4, 2015). "Why KCUR Refers To The Accused JCC Shooter As Frazier Glenn Cross".
- ^ "Disavowed 2009 Report on Domestic Terrorism Now Rings True". www.govtech.com. October 24, 2016.
- ^ "Candidate details — Miller, Jr., Frazier Glenn". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
- ^ Hastings, Deborah (April 15, 2014). "Accused Kansas pre-Passover killer is follower of neopagan Odinism". New York Daily News. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
- ^ a b Jackson, Camille (Winter 2004). "Extremist Ex-Cons Back on the Street". Intelligence Report (116). Retrieved April 20, 2014.
- ^ Gillian, Mohney; Schabner, Dean (April 13, 2014). "Kansas Jewish Center Shooting Suspect Identified as Former KKK Leader". ABC News. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
- ^ Rizzo, Tony (April 15, 2014). "Suspect in Overland Park shootings faces two types of murder charges". The Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
- ^ "Death penalty will be sought for F. Glenn Miller Jr. in killings outside Jewish facilities".
- ^ a b "White supremacist convicted of Jewish site killings". www.cbsnews.com. August 31, 2015.
- ^ "F. Glenn Miller Jr. deserves death for killings outside Jewish facilities, jury says".
- ^ FRAZIER GLENN MILLER, Southern Poverty Law Center
- ^ ISBN 978-1-59884-350-7.
- ^ Yaccino, Steven; Barry, Dan (April 14, 2014). "Bullets, Blood and Then Cry of 'Heil Hitler'". The New York Times. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
- USN) (April 19, 1996). "Rise of Domestic Terrorism and Its Relation to United States Armed Forces". Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved April 20, 2014.)
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Landay, Jonathan S. (December 19, 1995). "Army Brass Rattled By Ties of Soldiers To White Supremacists". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
- ^ Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism. Archived from the originalon September 30, 2007. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
- ^ Helling, Dave; Thomas, Judy; Morris, Mark (April 15, 2014). "Records suggest that F. Glenn Miller Jr. was once in witness protection program". The Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
- ^ Bauer, Laura; Helling, Dave; Burnes, Brian (April 14, 2014). "Supremacist with North Carolina ties accused of killing 3 in Kansas". The Charlotte Observer. Archived from the original on April 15, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
- ^ Eamon 2014, p. 221.
- ^ "April 6, 1987 letter from Frazier Glenn Miller". Springfield News-Leader. April 14, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
- ^ "USA v. Frazier Glenn Miller: 87-CR-32-01-5 legal case profile". tkb.org, MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism. Archived from the original on July 13, 2007. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
- ^ "Fugitive Racist Leader Is Captured in Missouri". The New York Times. May 1, 1987. Archived from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
- ^ Miller, F. Glenn (1999). "Chapter 10: $200,000 Cash Donation And Meeting "The Silent Brotherhood"". A White Man Speaks Out. F.Glenn Miller, White Patriot Party. Archived from the original on April 23, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
- ^ "Section 876 - Mailing threatening communications". Title 18 of the United States Code. Republished online at Legal Information Institute – via law.cornell.edu.
- Daily Beast. Archived from the originalon July 6, 2022. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
- ^ Miller, Frazier Glenn Jr. "A White Man Speaks Out". WHTY.org. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
- ^ "Controversial 'campaign' ads air on area stations", The Joplin Globe, March 31, 2010, retrieved on April 9, 2010.
- ^ "The Forums",Intelligence Report, Summer 2005, Issue #118, Southern Poverty Law Center, retrieved on April 9, 2010.
- ^ Miller, Frazier Glenn Jr. "My Side of the Story, March 11, 2004". WHTY.org. Archived from the original on October 1, 2015. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
- ^ Our Campaigns, "MO – District 07 Race – Nov 07, 2006," (retrieved on April 9, 2010).
- ^ Miller, Frazier Glenn Jr. "Cowardice is the White Man's Survival Strategy, 2009". Vanguard News Network. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
- ^ Our Campaigns, "MO US Senate Race – Nov 02, 2010," (retrieved on April 9, 2010).
- ^ Dave Helling, "Racist radio ads draw challenge,", The Kansas City Star, March 31, 2010, retrieved on April 9, 2010.
- ^ "Missouri broadcasters seek FCC ruling on Frazier Glenn Miller candidacy". Radio Business Report. April 16, 2010. Archived from the original on April 18, 2010. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
- ^ Dave Helling, "Racist KMBZ radio ad can't be stopped", The Kansas City Star, March 29, 2010, retrieved on April 9, 2010.
- YouTube(published on April 14, 2014).
- ^ a b Hill, James (April 24, 2014). "Ex-KKK Leader Was Given a New Identity Years Before Shooting". ABC News. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
- ^ Lytton, Charlotte (April 24, 2014). "The Psychology of Frazier Glenn Miller's Racist Homophobia". The Daily Beast.
- ^ Rizzo, Tony. "Federal hate-crime charges, state charges likely in Overland Park shootings". kansascity.
- ^ Bauer, Laura; Helling, Dave; Burnes, Brian. "Man with history of anti-Semitism jailed in fatal shooting of three at Johnson County Jewish centers". kansascity.
- ^ Beirich, Heidi (April 13, 2014). "Frazier Glenn Miller, longtime anti-Semite, arrested in Kansas Jewish Community Center murders". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
- ^ Stoil, Rebecca Shimoni (April 14, 2014). "Kansas shooting suspect has history of racist violence". The Times of Israel. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
- ^ "F. Glenn Miller Jr. talks for the first time about the killings at Jewish centers".
- ^ "Defendant in Jewish site shootings trial seeks postponement". Denver Post. August 25, 2015. Archived from the original on December 24, 2015. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
- ^ "Death sentence imposed on F. Glenn Miller Jr. in hate crime killings". Kansas City Star. November 10, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
- ^ "Kansas white supremacist sentenced to death for three murders". Reuters. November 10, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
- ^ "Shooter at Kansas Jewish centers appeals death sentence". www.ky3.com. Associated Press. March 29, 2021.
- ^ "Man who fatally shot 3 at Kansas Jewish sites dies in prison". spectrumlocalnews.com.
- ^ Kansas City Star (subscription required)
- ^ Sullivan, Becky (May 4, 2021). "Man Who Shot And Killed 3 At Kansas Jewish Centers Dies In Prison". NPR.org. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
- ^ "NC Governor - D Primary (1984)". Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
- ^ "NC US Senate - R Primary (1986)". Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
- ^ "Official Election Returns State of Missouri General Election November 2006" (PDF). Missouri Secretary of State. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
- ^ "Official Election Returns State of Missouri General Election November 2, 2010 General Election" (PDF). Missouri Secretary of State. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
Works cited
- Eamon, Tom (2014).
Further reading
- ISBN 0-80784-638-4. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
- ISBN 1-56025-100-X.
- ISBN 978-1-42995-933-9.