Fred Trump
Fred Trump | |
---|---|
Born | Frederick Christ Trump October 11, 1905 New York City, U.S. |
Died | June 25, 1999 New Hyde Park, New York, U.S. | (aged 93)
Burial place | Lutheran All Faiths Cemetery, New York City |
Education | Pratt Institute |
Occupation | Head of The Trump Organization |
Spouse |
Horatio Alger Award |
Frederick Christ Trump Sr. (October 11, 1905 – June 25, 1999) was an American
Born in the Bronx to German immigrants, Trump began working in home construction and sales in the 1920s before heading the real-estate business started by his parents (later known as the Trump Organization).[a] His company rose to success, building and managing single-family houses in Queens, apartments for war workers on the East Coast during World War II, and more than 27,000 apartments in New York City overall. Trump was investigated for
Contradicting Donald Trump's claim that he built a multibillion-dollar company using "a small loan of a million dollars" from his father, in 2018 The New York Times reported that Fred and his wife, Mary Trump, provided over $1 billion (in 2018 currency) to their children overall, avoiding over $500 million in gift taxes. In 1992 Fred and Donald set up a subsidiary which was evidently used to funnel Fred's finances to his surviving children; shortly before his death, Fred transferred the ownership of most of his apartment buildings to his children, who several years later sold them for over 16 times their previously declared worth.
In 1927, Trump was arrested at a
Early life and career
Trump's father, the German American
Many details of Trump's childhood come from autobiographical accounts and emphasize independence, learning and especially
After graduating in January 1923, Trump obtained full-time work pulling lumber to construction sites.
Rise to success
In 1933, Trump built one of New York City's first modern supermarkets, called Trump Market, in Woodhaven, Queens. It was modeled on Long Island's King Kullen, a self-service supermarket chain. Trump's store advertised "Serve Yourself and Save!" and quickly became popular. After six months, Trump sold it to King Kullen.[43][47]
In federal court in 1934, Trump and a partner acquired the mortgage-servicing subsidiary of Brooklyn's J. Lehrenkrauss Corporation,[48] which had gone bankrupt and had subsequently been broken up. This gave Trump access to the titles of many properties nearing foreclosure, which he bought at low cost and sold at a profit. This and similar real-estate ventures quickly brought him fame as one of New York City's most successful businessmen.[49][34]
Trump made use of loan
During the war, the federal
Following the war, Trump expanded into middle-income housing for the families of returning veterans. From 1947 to 1949, he built Shore Haven in Bensonhurst, which included 32 six-story buildings and a shopping center, covering some 30 acres (12 hectares) and procuring him $9 million in FHA funding.[55] In 1950, he built the 23-building Beach Haven Apartments over 40 acres (16 ha) near Coney Island, procuring him $16 million in FHA funds.[56] The total number of apartments included in these projects exceeded 2,700.[28][j]
Further enterprises
In early 1954, President
In 1961, Trump donated $2,500 to the re-election campaign of New York mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr., helping him gain favor for the construction of Trump Village, a large apartment complex in Coney Island.[70] The project was constructed in 1963–64 for $70 million. It was one of Trump's biggest and last major projects,[43][71] and the only one to bear his name.[70] He built more than 27,000 low-income apartments and row houses in the New York area altogether.[l][28][72]
In 1966, Trump was again investigated for windfall profiteering, this time by New York State investigators. After Trump overestimated building costs sponsored by a state program, he profited $598,000 on equipment rentals in the construction of Trump Village, which was then spent on other projects. Under testimony on January 27, 1966, Trump said that he had personally done nothing wrong and praised the success of his building project.[73] The commission called Trump "a pretty shrewd character" with a "talent for getting every ounce of profit out of his housing project", but no indictments were made. Instead, tighter administration protocols and accountability in the state's housing program were called for.[74]
Steeplechase Park
On July 1, 1965, Trump purchased Coney Island's recently closed Steeplechase Park for $2.3 million, intending to build luxury apartments.[75][76][77] The next year, he announced plans for a 160-foot-high (49-meter) enclosed dome with recreational facilities and a convention center.[78] At a highly publicized ceremony in September 1966, Trump demolished the park's Pavilion of Fun, a large glass-enclosed amusement center.[79][80] He reportedly sold bricks to ceremony guests to smash the remaining glass panels, which included an iconic representation of the park's mascot, the "Funny Face".[81][82][83] The next month, New York City announced plans to acquire the former park grounds for recreational use.[84] Trump filed a series of court cases related to the proposed rezoning, ultimately winning $1.3 million.[77] After the site laid vacant for several years, Trump started subleasing it to a manager of fairground amusement park rides.[79][77] Over another decade, the city eventually succeeded in reclaiming the property.[85][86][87]
In July 2016, the Coney Island History Project held a special exhibit for the "50th Anniversary of Fred Trump's Demolition of Steeplechase Pavilion".[88]
Son becomes company president
Fred's son,
In the mid-1970s, Donald received loans from his father exceeding $14 million.[97] In 2015–16, during his campaign for U.S. president, Donald claimed that his father had given him "a small loan of a million dollars" which he used to build "a company that's worth more than $10 billion".[98][99] An October 2018 New York Times exposé on Fred and Donald Trump's finances revealed that Fred created 295 income streams for Donald and concludes that the latter "was a millionaire by age 8", receiving $413 million (adjusted for inflation; $483.6 million in 2023 currency)[100] from Fred's business empire over his lifetime, including over $60.7 million (unadjusted for inflation; $163.9 million in 2023 currency)[101] in loans, which were largely unreimbursed.[102][m]
According to Trump construction vice president Barbara Res, Fred seated business guests in an off-balance chair and advised Donald to arrange his office so that adversaries could be forced to face the sun.[104]
Federal civil rights lawsuit
Minority applicants turned away from renting apartments complained to the New York City
Some three dozen former Trump employees were interviewed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).[107] Some testified that they had no knowledge of any racial profiling practices, and that a small percentage of their apartments were rented to blacks or Puerto Ricans.[o] A former doorman testified that his supervisor had instructed him to tell prospective black tenants that the rent was double its actual amount.[108] Four landlords or rental agents confirmed that applications sent to the Trump organization's head office for approval were coded by the race of the applicant.[109] One former employee testified that a code – which he believed was used throughout the Brooklyn branch of the company – referred to "low lifes" such as "blacks, Puerto Ricans, apparent drug users, or any other type of undesirable applicant", and nine times out of ten it meant the applicant was black; blacks were also falsely told there were no vacancies.[107] A rental agent who had worked with the company for two weeks said that when he asked Fred Trump if he should rent to blacks, he was told that it was "absolutely against the law to discriminate",[110] but after asking again, he was instructed "not to rent to blacks", and was further advised to:[111]
get rid of the blacks that were in the building by telling them cheap housing was available for them at only $500 down payment, which Trump would offer to pay himself. Trump didn't tell me where this housing was located. He advised me not to rent to persons on welfare.
Meanwhile, Trump acquired up to 20% of Brooklyn's Starrett City, a large, federally subsidized housing complex which opened in 1974 with the stated desegregation goal of renting 70% of its units to white people and the rest to minorities.[112][113]
A consent decree between the DoJ and the Trump Organization was signed on June 10, 1975, with both sides claiming victory – the Trump Organization because the settlement did not require them "to accept persons on welfare as tenants", and the head of DoJ's housing division for the decree being "one of the most far-reaching ever negotiated".[91][109] It personally and corporately prohibited the Trumps from "discriminating against any person in the ... sale or rental of a dwelling", and "required Trump to advertise vacancies in minority papers [for two years], promote minorities to professional jobs, and list vacancies on a preferential basis".[109] Finally, it ordered the Trumps to "thoroughly acquaint themselves personally on a detailed basis with ... the Fair Housing Act of 1968".[91][114]
Later legal trespasses
In 1975, tenants of two of Trump's Norfolk tower complexes held a monthlong
In 1987, when Donald's loan debt to his father exceeded $11 million, Fred invested $15.5 million in
In 1992, Fred and Donald set up a subsidiary company which each of Fred's living children owned a 20% stake in. As detailed in 2018 by The New York Times, the business entity had no apparent legitimate purpose and was evidently used to conduct tax fraud by funneling millions of dollars of Fred's wealth to his progeny without paying gift taxes. This was accomplished by billing Fred much more than the actual cost of maintenance work and goods such as boilers.[102][120]
Wealth and death
In 1976, Trump set up
In December 1990, Donald Trump sought to amend his father's will, which according to Fred's daughter Maryanne Trump Barry, "was basically taking the whole estate and giving it to Donald", allowing him to "sell, do anything he wants ... with the properties".[123] The Washington Post wrote that this "was designed to protect Donald Trump's inheritance from efforts to seize it by creditors and Ivana", whom he divorced that month.[123] Fred rejected the proposal, and in 1991, composed his own final will, which made Donald, Maryanne, and Robert Trump co-executors of his estate.[124][125] Trump's lawyer noted that Fred Jr.'s children, Fred III and Mary L. Trump, would be treated unequally because they would not receive their deceased father's share, and wrote to Trump that "Given the size of your estate, this is tantamount to disinheriting them. You may wish to increase their participation in your estate to avoid ill will in the future."[124][q] In October 1991, Trump was diagnosed with "mild senile dementia", with his physician citing symptoms of "obvious memory decline in recent years" and "significant memory impairment". A few months later, another physician reported that Trump "did not know his birth date [or] age", amongst other difficulties.[123][128] Mary L. Trump recounted that as her grandfather's dementia progressed, he failed to recognize people he had known for decades, including her and Donald.[129][128] The latter stated that he first noticed his father exhibit symptoms of Alzheimer's in the mid-1990s.[130][128]
In 1993, the anticipated shares of Trump's estate amounted to $35 million for each surviving child.[99][131][r] Most of his buildings were transferred to two grantor-retained annuity trusts under his and his wife's names, which were used to give about two-thirds of the assets to their four surviving children, who bought the remaining third via annuity payments between 1995 and November 1997.[132][102] The collective assets were valued at $41.4 million and in 2004 were sold for over 16 times this value, avoiding hundreds of millions of dollars in gift taxes.[102]
Trump finally fell ill with
Following Trump's death, Fred Jr.'s children contested their grandfather's will, citing his dementia and claiming that the will was "procured by fraud and undue influence" by Donald, Maryanne, and Robert Trump.[125][124] These three had claimed in their legal depositions that Fred Trump was "sharp as a tack" until just before his death,[142] but otherwise stated that they were aware of his cognitive decline.[123][128][130]
In December 2003, it was reported that Trump's four surviving children would sell the apartments they acquired in 1997 to an investment group led by Rubin Schron, priced at $600 million;[143] the sale occurred in May 2004. The 2016 leak of Donald Trump's tax information from 2005, which showed an income of $153 million, prompted The New York Times to investigate, leading to the 2018 exposé.[120][u] The Times reported that the properties sold in 2004 were valued over 16 times their previously declared worth.[102] Fred and Mary reportedly provided their children with over $1 billion altogether, which should have been taxed at the rate of 55% for gifts and inheritances (over $550 million), but records show that a total of only $52.2 million (about 5%) was paid.[102] According to New York State law, individuals can be prosecuted on the basis of intentional tax evasion if a fraudulent return form can be produced as evidence; the statute of limitations does not apply in such cases.[145] By February 1, 2019, Maryanne Trump Barry was being investigated for possible judicial misconduct regarding the schemes, but this was mooted later in the month due to her retirement.[146]
Personal life
In May 1927, over 1,000 robed members of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)[c] infiltrated a Memorial Day parade in Queens, prompting stern police intervention.[147] Seven men were arrested, including the 21-year old Trump, who was dismissed from the charge of "refusing to disperse from a parade when ordered to do so".[5][148][149][150] Another of the men was an injured bystander, but according to the police the other five were certainly Klansmen.[151][148] Multiple newspaper articles on the incident list Trump's address (in Jamaica, Queens),[148][150] which he is recorded as living at on various documents from 1928 to 1940.[149][148][152][153][b] Despite this arrest, there is no incontrovertible evidence that Trump was a supporter of the KKK.[154]
Trump met his future wife,
Trump was a
After Elizabeth's birth, and with the U.S. becoming more involved in World War II, Trump moved his family to Hampton Roads's
During World War II, Trump began concealing his German ancestry.
According to Donald Trump, while his mother was watching the 1953
In the 1950s, Fred became an admirer of
Physical appearance
Trump had blue eyes.
Trump hired public-relations man Howard J. Rubenstein to get him on a 1950 list of best-dressed men in the U.S. (which also featured General of the Army Dwight Eisenhower and baseball player Phil Rizzuto).[183] After Trump's death, Philip Weiss described him as a "vigorous and imposing man with a square chest"[130] while Dwight Garner said he resembled "a cut-rate magician".[204]
By 1989, although he maintained the appearance of nearly perfect dental health,
Philanthropy
Fred and Mary Trump supported medical charities by donating buildings. After Mary received medical care at the Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, they donated the Trump Pavilion rehabilitation building;[28][141] Fred was also a trustee of the hospital.[210] The couple donated a two-building complex in Brooklyn as a home for "functionally retarded adults", a New Jersey building valued at $4.75 million to United Cerebral Palsy (which Donald took credit for),[211] and other buildings to the National Kidney Foundation (NKF).[28][141] Trump donated one of his least profitable properties to the NKF, which according to The New York Times was "one of the largest charitable donations he ever made", with a deduction proportional to its stated value, claimed in his 1992 tax return as $34 million.[102]
Fred reportedly also supported the
The Trumps were active in
Although he was registered as a Republican Party voter, Trump developed ties with the Democratic Party in New York,[183][217] contributing to city politicians (including $2,500 to Mayor Wagner's 1961 campaign, enabling the construction of Trump Village).[70] Together with Donald in the 1980s, Fred provided over $350,000 to city politicians including Mayor Ed Koch, Council president Andrew Stein, Controller Harrison J. Goldin, and four of the five borough presidents.[4]
In October 2018, The New York Times reported in an exposé on Trump's financial records that they had found no evidence that he had made any significant financial contributions to charities.[102]
Prestige
In 1977, Norman Vincent Peale, whose sermons Fred and family attended, officiated Donald's first wedding.[194]
Decades after hiring PR man Howard Rubenstein to generate press about his life story mirroring the
By the late 1980s, Trump had been photographed with a number of American celebrities, including actor Jack Nicholson and boxers Muhammad Ali and Mike Tyson.[220][221][222]
Legacy
Folk singer Woody Guthrie was a tenant of Beach Haven Apartments from 1950 to 1951.[66][223] In his unrecorded song "Old Man Trump", he complains about the rent and accused Trump of stirring up racial hate "in the bloodpot of human hearts".[224][223] Similarly, in an unreleased version of "Ain't Got No Home", Guthrie states:[223][225]
Beach Haven is Trump's Tower
Where no Black folks come to roam
No, no, Old Man Trump!
Old Beach Haven ain't my home!
Trump was indirectly claimed as a relative of Republican politician Fred J. Trump, a candidate in the 1956 Arizona gubernatorial election[226] and correspondent of Richard Nixon during his 1960 presidential campaign against John F. Kennedy.[227]
In his 1993 biography of Donald Trump,
During Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign, his father's 1927 arrest at a KKK march resurfaced.
In May 2016, in an article about Donald Trump's pseudonyms, Fortune reported that his father had used the false name "Mr. Green" to anonymously inquire about property values.[235] In October 2016, in response to numerous Freedom of Information Act requests, the FBI released a small file it had on Fred; it includes a 1986 news article concerning political donations by Trump Management, an amply redacted 1991 memo implying the bureau received intel regarding ties to organized crime, and a background report on Trump Construction Corp.[4] In 2018, writing for New York magazine in response to the New York Times exposé, Jonathan Chait opined that many of Fred's contributions to Donald were by definition criminal in nature.[236]
In mid-2020, liberal political action committee (PAC)
Following Donald Trump's arrest in New York in 2023, some media outlets pointed out that his father had been arrested twice.[240]
In popular culture
In the 2011 Comedy Central Roast of Donald Trump, the comedian Seth MacFarlane credited Donald's fortune to his father, mocking the former's "self-starter bullshit" and comparing their relationship to that of Jaden and Will Smith.[241]
In late 2016, writing for
Following the release of the 2018 New York Times exposé,
In 2019, the American journalist and conspiracy theorist Wayne Madsen accused Fred of being a Nazi sympathizer on the basis of the German American Bund's presence in New York.[251] In mid-2020, fact-checking company Logically concluded that there was a lack of clear evidence that Trump was a Nazi supporter.[252]
Notes
- ^ a b Previously, it had no single name but had been called the Fred (C.) Trump Organization[1][2] and operated subsidiaries such as Trump Management and Trump Construction Corp.[3][4]
- ^ New York Times article about Fred's 1927 arrest specifying his address,[5] and his son Donald, then a candidate for U.S. president, told the Times, "that's where my grandmother lived and my father." Then, when asked about the 1927 story, he denied that his father had ever lived there, and said the arrest "never happened", and, "There was nobody charged."[6] Donald reputedly argued, "You don't even know it's the same person!"[7]
- ^ brown people, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants. (It also opposed birth control, consuming alcohol, and the public teaching of evolution.)[8]
- ^
- ^ a b Several fraternity brothers at the historically Jewish Sigma Alpha Mu claimed that fellow member Fred Trump Jr. said his father was Jewish.[11] In 2018, psychoanalyst Justin A. Frank asserted that Fred Jr. joined such a fraternity to rebel against his father, whom Frank alleges was anti-Semitic.[12] Fred Jr.'s daughter, Mary L. Trump, later also claimed her grandfather was "quite anti-Semitic".[13]
- ^ a b As U.S. president, Donald falsely claimed at least three times that his father was born in Germany.[14] While speaking of the German Chancellor, he reportedly said, "I was raised by the biggest kraut of them all,"[15] invoking an ethnic slur for a German, particularly a soldier of World War I or World War II.[16]
- ^ In her Trump family biography, Gwenda Blair draws on these accounts and additional interviews with Fred and his kin.[25] Blair only met Fred around the early 1990s, when she says he was "semi out of it".[26]
- ^ Older newspaper sources say that Trump took his courses at the YMCA,[34][35] while later books name only Pratt Institute.[39][40] In her 21st-century biography, Blair says Trump took YMCA courses during high school and Pratt studies after.[41]
- ^ Blair notes that these were all white but of varying national origin.[51]
- ^ The same year, he authored an article advertising his apartments in the real-estate section of the Brooklyn Eagle,[57] which frequently featured him and his company.[58]
- ^ Tomasello, who had mafia ties,[60][61] owned 25% of Beach Haven Apartments and Trump described as "a brick contractor [and] an old-time property owner".[62] In addition to money, Trump may have worked with Tomasello to avoid problems with the mafia or unions.[60][61] From 1959 to 1961, Tomasello sued Trump in the New York Supreme Court as a stockholder of 25% of ten of Trump's corporations, as well as 14 subsidiaries and 4 sub-subsidiaries.[63][64]
- Jamaica Estatesin Queens
- Grand Hyatt New York in the late 1970s, Fred provided $2 million to help repay the construction loan. He further assisted his son with a $35 million line of credit, a $30 million mortgage, and an additional corporate loan.[103]
- ^ Mary L. Trump wrote in 2020 that Fred called people of color who wished to rent from him "die Schwarze" ('the Black[s]').[105]
- ^ Trump personally requested that a lease agreement not be made unless the tenant had a monthly income four times the rent.[107][108] Former employees were asked whether Jewish applicants were shown preference; one former employee felt that such applicants "had an easier time of getting an apartment than anyone else".[107]
- ^ According to the vice president of the subsidiary company responsible for the property, it had recently seen an increase in low-income tenants.[116]
- ^ Fred Jr.'s children both received $200,000, the same amount given to each grandchild,[126] but were excluded from Mary Trump's will.[127]
- ^ Having taken heavy losses by this time, Donald asked his siblings to lend him $10 million from their shares, and soon asked for $20 million more.[131]
- ^ In his eulogy, Donald Trump promoted his own business success.[134] Other attendees included New York mayor Rudy Giuliani, who spoke,[135][136] and Trump family biographer Gwenda Blair.[134]
- ^ a b As of 2014, the plot was located near the abrupt end of a uniquely maintained paved path.[138][139]
- ^ Sparked by the 2017 publication of Donald Trump's tax information from 2005, this drew from 2,200 pages of U.S. federal judge Maryanne Trump Barry's financial disclosure forms,[120] interviews with former Trump advisers and employees, and over 100,000 pages of tax returns and financial records from Trump businesses.[102] Mary L. Trump provided 19 boxes of these financial records.[144]
- ^ According to Timothy L. O'Brien's review of Too Much and Never Enough (2020) by Trump's granddaughter Mary L. Trump, "Fred Sr., a teetotaler, kept an elegant bar outfitted with everything but alcohol ... guarded" by a number of cigar store Indians.[105]
- anti-Semitism was well known,[187] the Holocaust did not start in earnest until 1941, with U.S. reports first published in late 1942.[188]
- right-wing political groups, including a coalition of ministers and industrialists opposed to the New Deal and associated with the America First policy opposing U.S. entry into World War II. Peale was also an associate of Republican presidents Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan.[194]
- ^ Heil Hitler," possibly as a family joke.[229]
- ^ E.g., Trump is depicted in episodes of Our Cartoon President (2018–2020)[245] and a racist character apparently based on him appears in an episode of the 2019 television series Watchmen.[246][247] John Diehl plays him in a brief appearance the 2022 film Armageddon Time, based on director James Gray's recollection of him while attending Kew-Forest.[248]
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{{cite web}}
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External links
- Levin, Bess (October 2, 2018). "Trump's One Weird Trick to Getting Rich, Revealed!: 'Outright Fraud,' Deceptive Tax Schemes, and a Lifetime Allowance from Daddy". Vanity Fair.
- Petski, Denise (April 2, 2019). "Donald Trump Says His Father Was Born In Germany (He Wasn't)". Deadline.com.