Frederick Augustus III of Saxony
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Frederick Augustus III (
Frederick Augustus served in the Royal Saxon Army before becoming king, and later was promoted to Generalfeldmarschall. Though well-loved by his subjects, he voluntarily abdicated as king on 13 November 1918, after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I. He died in Sibyllenort in Lower Silesia (now Szczodre in Poland) and was buried in Dresden.
Military career
Frederick Augustus entered the
Following his father's accession, he was in July 1902 appointed
Family
Frederick Augustus married Archduchess Louise of Austria, in Vienna on 21 November 1891. They were divorced in 1903 by the royal decree of the King after she ran away while pregnant with her last child. Luise's flight from Dresden was due to her father-in-law's threatening to have her interned in a mental asylum at the Sonnenstein Castle for life. Her brother supported her in her wish to escape from Saxony. Emperor Franz-Josef of Austria-Hungary did not recognise the divorce.
They had seven children:
- SS or Gestapoin 1943.
- Princess Elisabeth Helene of Thurn and Taxis(1903–1976) and had issue.
- morganatically). Had issue with Sophie.
- Maria Alix Carola, stillborn 22 August 1898
- Margarete Carola Wilhelmine (1900–1962). Married Prince Friedrich of Hohenzollern(1891–1965).
- Maria Alix Luitpolda (1901–1990). Married Franz Joseph, Prince of Hohenzollern-Emden (1891–1964).
- Anna Monika Pia (1903–1976). Married firstly Archduke Joseph Franz of Austria (1895–1957) and secondly Reginald Kazanjian (1905–1990).
Their two eldest sons, Friedrich August and Friedrich Christian, were both born in 1893, but were not twins. Friedrich August was born in January, and Friedrich Christian was born in December.
Quotes
- When standing in uniform on a station platform, he was asked by a lady to move her trunk. He is reported to have replied, "Madam, I am not a porter; I only look like one."[2]
- When the German Republic was proclaimed in 1918, he was asked by telephone whether he would abdicate willingly. He said: "Oh, well, I suppose I'd better."[3]
- When cheered by a crowd in a railway station several years after his abdication, he stuck his head out of the train's window and shouted "Ihr seid mer ja scheene Demogradn!" (Saxon for "You're a fine lot of democrats, I'll say!"[3]).
Decorations and awards
- Saxony:[4]
- Knight of the Rue Crown, 1877;[5] Grand Master, 15 October 1904
- Knight of the Military Order of St. Henry, 21 October 1914[6]
- Grand Master of the Albert Order
- Grand Master of the Civil Order of Saxony
- Saxon Service Order, 1st Class (25 years service)
- Baden:[7]
- Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1884
- Knight of the Order of Berthold the First, 1884
- Bavaria:
- Knight of St. Hubert, 1886[8]
- Grand Cross of the Military Order of Max Joseph
- Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, 1886[9]
- Grand Duchy of Hesse: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 13 May 1893[10]
- Mecklenburg: Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Crown in Ore[4]
- Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Collar[4]
- Prussia:
- Knight of the Black Eagle, 19 September 1882;[11] with Collar
- Pour le Mérite (military), 29 December 1916[6]
- Iron Cross (1914), 1st and 2nd Classes
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 1886[12]
- Schaumburg-Lippe: Cross of Honour of the House Order of Schaumburg-Lippe, 1st Class[4]
- Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1894[13]
- Austria-Hungary:[14]
- Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1886
- Knight of the Golden Fleece, 1889
- Grand Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, 1917
- Grand Cross of the
- Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold[4]
- Bulgaria: Knight of Saints Cyril and Methodius, with Collar[15]
- Greece: Grand Cross of the Redeemer[4]
- Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion[15]
- Ottoman Empire: Order of Osmanieh, 1st Class[4]
- Portugal:[4]
- Grand Cross of the Sash of the Two Orders
- Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword
- Russia:[4]
- Knight of St. Andrew
- Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
- Sweden: Knight of the Seraphim, 12 March 1910[16]
- Siam: Knight of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri, 24 August 1897[17]
- Kingdom of Spain: Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III, with Collar, 18 March 1907[18]
- Tuscan Grand Ducal Family: Grand Cross of St. Joseph[4]
Ancestry
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Notes
- ^ "Latest intelligence - the German Emperor and Saxony". The Times. No. 36812. London. 5 July 1902. p. 7.
- ^ "In Saxony". Time. 10 August 1925. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ^ a b "Milestones, Feb. 29, 1932". Time. 29 February 1932. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Rangliste de Königlich Preußischen Armee (in German), Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn, 1903, p. 139 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen (1878) (in German), "Königliche Ritter-Orden", p. 3
- ^ a b "Friedrich August III. Johann Ludwig Karl Gustav König von Sachsen". the Prussian Machine. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1888), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 62, 74
- ^ Hof und Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Bayern (1906) (in German), "Königliche Orden", p. 7
- ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1890), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 46
- ^ "Ludewigs-orden", Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1914, p. 5 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ "Schwarzer Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1886, p. 9 – via hathitrust.org
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach Archived 6 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 29
- ^ "Ritter-Orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1918, pp. 50, 52, 55, retrieved 2 November 2019
- ^ a b Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha (1923) pp. 108–109
- ^ Sveriges Statskalender (in Swedish), 1915, p. 671, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
- Royal Thai Government Gazette (23 March 1899). "พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ ที่ประเทศยุโรป" (PDF) (in Thai). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2019.)
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(help - ^ "Caballeros extranjeros del collar de la Orden de Carlos III", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1920, p. 213, retrieved 12 July 2020