Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden
Frederick I | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grand Duke of Baden | |||||
Reign | 23 January 1858 – 28 September 1907 | ||||
Predecessor | Louis II | ||||
Successor | Frederick II | ||||
Born | Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, German Confederation | 9 September 1826||||
Died | 28 September 1907 Mainau, Grand Duchy of Baden, German Empire | (aged 81)||||
Spouse | |||||
Issue Detail | |||||
| |||||
House | Zähringen | ||||
Father | Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden | ||||
Mother | Princess Sophie of Sweden | ||||
Religion | Lutheranism | ||||
Signature |
Frederick I (
Life
Frederick was born in Karlsruhe, Baden, on 9 September 1826. He was the third son of Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden and Princess Sophie of Sweden. He became the heir presumptive to the grand duchy upon the death of his father in 1852[1] and the accession of his brother as Grand Duke Louis II. Due to his brother's mental ill-health, he was regent ad interim of Baden in 1852–1855, and took the title of grand duke in 1856. His brother, Louis II, died in 1858. He was considered a relatively liberal supporter of a constitutional monarchy. During his reign the option of civil marriages was introduced in Baden as well as direct elections to the Lower House of the Parliament of Baden in 1904.[2]
In 1856, Frederick married Princess Louise, daughter of Prince Wilhelm of Prussia and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.[2] The couple had three children.
Frederick I had a pivotal role in the history of
Frederick I was present at the
Issue
- Princess Hilda of Luxembourg; no issue
- King Gustav V of Sweden; had issue
- Prince Louis of Baden (12 June 1865 – 23 February 1888), died unmarried; no issue
Honours
- German honours[3]
- Baden:
- Knight of the House Order of Fidelity[4]
- Grand Cross of the Military Karl-Friedrich Merit Order[5]
- Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion[6]
- Founder of the Order of Berthold the First, 29 April 1877[7]
- Memorial Cross for the Campaign of 1870/71
- Service Cross for Officers (25 years)
- Anhalt: Grand Cross of the Order of Albert the Bear, 1889[8]
- Brunswick: Grand Cross of the Order of Henry the Lion
- Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, September 1844[11]
- Hanover:[12]
- Hesse and by Rhine: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 24 September 1843[13]
- Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, 1st Class
- Mecklenburg:
- Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Collar
- Military Merit Cross, 1st Class (Schwerin)
- Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau, June 1860[14]
- Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Golden Crown, 17 May 1852[15]
- Prussia:
- Knight of the Black Eagle, 25 September 1851; with Collar, 1856[16]
- Knight of the Red Eagle, 1st Class
- Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, 9 November 1861[16]
- Iron Cross (1870), 2nd Class
- War Commemorative Medal of 1870/71
- Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Medal
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 6 August 1853[17]
- Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown, 1853[18]
- Schaumburg-Lippe: Military Merit Medal
- Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1846[19]
- Foreign honours[3]
- Austria:
- Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1849[20]
- Service Cross for Officers (25 years)
- Grand Cross of the
- Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold, 12 May 1845[21]
- Brazil: Grand Cross of the Southern Cross
- Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, September 1846[23]
- Greece: Grand Cross of the Redeemer
- Order of Kamehameha I
- Italy: Knight of the Annunciation, with Collar, 9 November 1864[9][24]
- Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum, 5 June 1906[25]
- Grand Cross of St. Charles, 19 October 1869[26]
- Montenegro: Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Danilo I
- Netherlands:
- Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion
- Grand Cross of the Military William Order, 17 July 1878[27]
- Portugal:
- Grand Cross of the Sash of the Three Orders
- Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword, with Collar
- Romania:
- Grand Cross of the Star of Romania
- Grand Cross of the Order of Carol I, with Collar, 1906[28]
- Russia:
- Knight of St. Andrew, with Golden Collar
- Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
- Knight of the White Eagle
- Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class
- Cross of St. George
- Serbia:
- Sweden-Norway:
- Knight of the Seraphim, with Collar, 15 April 1877[9][29]
- Grand Cross of St. Olav, 20 September 1881[30]
- Commander Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa, with Collar, 1896[31]
- Spain:
- Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III, 27 May 1866[32]
- Knight of the Golden Fleece, with Collar, December 1878[33]
- Siam: Knight of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri, with Collar, 5 October 1897
- Tunisia: Husainid House Order, in Diamonds
- United Kingdom: Stranger Knight Companion of the Garter, 20 September 1906[9][34]
Ancestry
Ancestors of Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Footnotes
- ^ The Statesman's year-book. Harvard University. 1868. pp. 201–202.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ a b c Engehausen, Frank (2012). "Herrscher im liberalen Musterland" [Ruler in a Liberal Model Country]. Damals (in German). Vol. 44, no. 7. pp. 64–69.
- ^ a b Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1902), "Großherzogliches Haus", pp. 26–27
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1850), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 31
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1850), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 38
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1850), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 73
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1880), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 70
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtums Anhalt (1894), "Herzogliche Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17
- ^ a b c d e Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha 1907 (1907) page 13
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern (1906), "Königliche Orden" p. 7
- ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1847), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 26
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Hannover (1865), "Königliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" pp. 38, 78
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 10
- ^ Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau (1866), "Herzogliche Orden" p. 9
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Oldenburg (1869/70), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 28
- ^ a b "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), 1, Berlin: 5, 934, 1886
- ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1855), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 11 Archived 5 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen (1867), "Königliche Ritter-Orden" p. 4
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 27
- ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ferdinand Veldekens (1858). Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer. lelong. p. 175.
- ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
- ISBN 978-2-35077-135-9.
- ^ Cibrario, Luigi (1869). Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri (in Italian). Eredi Botta. p. 120. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
- ^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 150.
- ^ Sovereign Ordonnance of 19 October 1869
- ^ Militaire Willems-Orde: Baden, Friedrich Grossherzog von (in Dutch)
- ^ "Ordinul Carol I" [Order of Carol I]. Familia Regală a României (in Romanian). Bucharest. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1905, p. 440, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
- ^ Norges statskalender (in Norwegian), 1890, pp. 595–596, retrieved 14 June 2018 – via runeberg.org
- ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1905, p. 525, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
- ^ "Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1887, p. 153, retrieved 21 March 2019
- ^ "Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1887, p. 146, retrieved 21 March 2019
- ^ "The London Gazette, Issue: 27959 Page: 7015". The London Gazette. Retrieved 7 August 2018.