Frederik IX of Denmark
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Frederik IX | |
---|---|
Christian X | |
Successor | Margrethe II |
Born | Sorgenfri Palace, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark | 11 March 1899
Died | 14 January 1972 Municipal Hospital,[1] Copenhagen, Denmark[2] | (aged 72)
Burial | 24 January 1972 , Roskilde, Denmark |
Spouse |
Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark |
House | Glücksburg |
Father | Christian X of Denmark |
Mother | Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
Religion | Church of Denmark |
Signature |
Frederik IX (Danish: Christian Frederik Franz Michael Carl Valdemar Georg; 11 March 1899 – 14 January 1972) was King of Denmark from 1947 to 1972.[3]
Born into the
Frederik became king on his father's death in early 1947. During Frederik's reign, Danish society changed rapidly, the
Birth and family
Danish Royalty |
House of Oldenburg (Glücksburg branch) |
---|
Christian IX |
Frederik VIII |
Christian X |
Frederik IX |
|
Margrethe II |
|
Frederik X |
|
Prince Frederik was born on 11 March 1899 at his parents' country
He was baptised in the Garden Room at Sorgenfri Palace on 9 April 1899 by the royal
Frederik's only sibling,
]Early life
Christian IX died on 29 January 1906, and Frederik's grandfather Crown Prince Frederik succeeded him as King Frederik VIII. Frederik's father became crown prince, and Frederik moved up to second in line to the throne.[citation needed]
Just six years later, on 14 May 1912, King Frederik VIII died, and Frederik's father ascended the throne as King Christian X. Frederik himself became crown prince. On 1 December 1918, as the
Frederik was educated at the Royal Danish Naval Academy (breaking with Danish royal tradition by choosing a naval instead of an army career) and the University of Copenhagen. Before he became king, he had acquired the rank of rear admiral and he had had several senior commands on active service. He acquired several tattoos during his naval service.[citation needed]
In addition, with his great love of music, the king was an able piano player and conductor. ([9])
Marriage and issue
In the 1910s, Alexandrine considered the two youngest daughters of her cousin
Instead, on 15 March 1935, a few days after his 36th birthday, he was engaged to Princess
Upon their return to Denmark, the couple were given
Their daughters are:[citation needed]
- Queen Count Henri de Laborde of Monpezatand has two sons
- Princess Benedikte of Denmark, born 29 April 1944, married to Richard, 6th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and has three children
- King Constantine II of Greeceand has five children
Reign
From 1942 until 1943, Frederik acted as regent on behalf of his father who was temporarily incapacitated after a fall from his horse in October 1942.
On 20 April 1947, Christian X died, and Frederik succeeded to the throne. He was proclaimed king from the balcony of Christiansborg Palace by Prime Minister Knud Kristensen.
Frederik IX's reign saw great change. During these years, Danish society shook off the restrictions of an agricultural society, developed a welfare state, and, as a consequence of the booming economy of the 1960s, women entered the labour market. In other words, Denmark became a modern country, which meant new demands on the monarchy.
In 1948, one year into the king's reign, the
Changes to the Act of Succession
As King Frederik IX and Queen Ingrid had no sons, it was expected that the king's younger brother, Prince Knud, would inherit the throne, in accordance with Denmark's succession law (Royal Ordinance of 1853).
However, in 1953, an Act of Succession was passed, changing the method of succession to
Death and funeral
Shortly after the King had delivered his New Year's Address to the Nation at the 1971/72 turn of the year, he became ill with flu-like symptoms. After a few days rest, he suffered cardiac arrest and was rushed to the Copenhagen Municipal Hospital on 3 January. After a brief period of apparent improvement, the King's condition took a negative turn on 11 January, and he died 3 days later, on 14 January, at 7:50 pm surrounded by his immediate family and closest friends, having been unconscious since the previous day.[12][13]
Following his death, the King's coffin was transported to his home at
The funeral took place on 24 January 1972, and was split in two parts. First a brief ceremony was held in the chapel where the king had lain in state, where the Bishop of Copenhagen, Willy Westergaard Madsen, said a brief prayer, followed by a hymn, before the coffin was carried out of the chapel by members of the Royal Life Guards and placed on a gun carriage for the journey through Copenhagen to Copenhagen Central Station. The gun carriage was pulled by 48 seamen and was escorted by honor guards from the Danish Army, Air Force, and Navy, as well as honor guards from France, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States.[16]
At the Copenhagen Central Station, the coffin was placed in a special railway carriage for the rail journey to Roskilde. The funeral train was pulled by two DSB class E steam engines. Once in Roskilde, the coffin was pulled through the city by a group of seamen to Roskilde Cathedral where the final ceremony took place. Previous rulers had been interred in the cathedral, but it was the King's wish to be buried outside.[17]
Succession
He was succeeded by his eldest daughter,
Queen Ingrid survived her husband by 28 years. She died on 7 November 2000. Her remains were interred alongside him at the burial site outside Roskilde Cathedral.
Legacy
On 20 April 1982, a statue of King Frederik IX dressed in the uniform of an admiral was unveiled by the Copenhagen harbour on the 35th anniversary of his accession to the throne in 1947 and in the tenth year after his death.[19]
The
Folktale
In the southern city, Sønderborg, King Frederik IX has a dish named after the king himself. The dish is called "Kong Fiddes livret" (English: King Frederik's Favorite). The name Fidde is a common nickname for people named Frederik in the southern parts of Denmark. The dish is supposedly one that was regularly served to King Frederik IX's on his birthday at Gråsten Palace.[21] The dish consist of strips of flank steak, stirred in a creamy paprika and curry sauce, served with French fries, boiled potatoes, beetroot, boiled eggs and freshly sliced onions. [22]
Honours
- Danish honours[23]
- Knight of the Elephant, 14 May 1912
- Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog, 11 March 1917
- Grand Commander of the Dannebrog, 3 February 1936
- King Christian IX Centenary Medal
- King Frederik VIII Centenary Medal
- Navy Long Service Award
- Foreign honours[24]
- Iceland: Grand Cross of the Falcon[25]
- Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria[26]
- Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold[citation needed]
- Czechoslovakia: Collar of the White Lion, 22 May 1935
- Dominican Republic: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit, with Gold Star
- Ethiopian Imperial Family: Grand Cross of the Seal of Solomon[citation needed]
- Finland:
- Collar of the White Rose, 1926[27]
- Commemoration Medal for the Finnish War of Liberation of 1918
- Gold Commemoration Medal for the Winter War of 1939/40
- Medal for Humane Benevolence
- German Imperial and Royal Family:
- Greek Royal Family:
- Grand Cross of the Redeemer[citation needed]
- Grand Cross of the Order of George I[citation needed]
- Grand Cross of Saints George and Constantine
- Commemorative Badge of the Centenary of the Royal House of Greece
- France: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
- Iranian Imperial Family:
- Collar of the Order of Pahlavi[citation needed]
- Italian Royal Family: Knight of the Annunciation, 10 March 1917[28]
- Empire of Japan: Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum
- Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion[citation needed]
- Norway: Grand Cross of St. Olav, with Collar, 10 April 1917[29]
- Peru: Grand Cross of the Sun of Peru, in Diamonds
- Russian Imperial Family:
- Knight of St. Andrew
- Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
- Knight of the White Eagle
- Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class
- Knight of St. Stanislaus, 1st Class
- Sweden:
- Knight of the Seraphim, with Collar, 11 March 1917[30][31]
- King Gustaf V Commemorative Medal
- Thailand:
- Knight of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri, 18 February 1917[32]
- Grand Cordon of the Order of Chula Chom Klao
- United Kingdom:
- Stranger Knight Companion of the Garter, 8 May 1951[citation needed]
- Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath[citation needed]
- Honorary Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order[citation needed]
- Associate Bailiff Grand Cross of St. John[33]
- Recipient of the King George VI Coronation Medal
- Honorary military appointments
- 1947–61: Colonel-in-Chief of the Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)[34]
- 1961–66: Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Own Buffs, The Royal Kent Regiment
- 1966–72: Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Regiment[35][36]
Ancestors
Ancestors of Frederik IX of Denmark | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References
Citations
- ^ "Margarita de Dinamarca cuenta el drama de ver enfermar y morir a su padre en 14 días". Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
- ^ "Frederik of Denmark Dies; Margrethe to Be Queen". The New York Times. New York, N. Y. 15 January 1972. p. 1.
- ^ "Frederik 9". kongernessamling.dk. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ "Queen Anne-Marie". The Greek Royal Family. Archived from the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ "H.K.H. Prinsesse Benedikte". kongehuset.dk. 28 November 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ "The Royal Lineage". kongehuset.dk. 7 April 2016. Archived from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ ISBN 978-87-7070-014-6.
- ^ "Prinser og Prinsesser kommer også i kirkebogen". The Danish State Archives. Retrieved 10 August 2011.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Frederik IX". 15 March 2016. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ^ "DANISH HEIR ENGAGED.; Crown Prince Will Wed Princess Olga of Greece". The New York Times. Associated Press. 6 March 1922. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ "CONSTANTINE'S NIECE NOT TO WED PRINCE; Engagement of Princess Olga and Heir to the Danish Throne Is Annuled (sic)". The New York Times. Associated Press. 28 September 1922. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ISBN 978-87-1111-789-7.
- New York Times. 15 January 1972. Archivedfrom the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- New York Times. Associated Press. 25 January 1972. Archivedfrom the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- ISBN 978-87-1111-789-7.
- ^ "Hans Majestæt, Kong Frederik den IX's bisættelse 1:2". DR. 24 January 1972. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ISBN 978-87-7055-826-6.
- from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- ^ "King Frederick IX (1899-1972)". The City of Copenhagen. Archived from the original on 17 September 2007. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ "French Honour For British Explorer", The Times, 12 April 1935.
- ^ Rørby Madsen, Holger. "Kong Fiddes livret - opskrift på en kongelig gryderet". Madens Verden. Moderne Medier ApS. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ Restaurant Colosseum. "Menu". Restaurant Colosseum. Restaurant Colosseum. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1943) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1943 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1943] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. pp. 17–18. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2019 – via da:DIS Danmark.
- ^ Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1963) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1963 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1963] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2019 – via da:DIS Danmark.
- ^ "bryllupsbillede". kongehuset.dk. Archived from the original on 3 June 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- ^ "Reply to a parliamentary question" (PDF). Parlament.gv.at (in German). p. 134. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
- ^ "Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun Suurristi Ketjuineen". ritarikunnat.fi (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ Italy. Ministero dell'interno (1920). Calendario generale del regno d'Italia. p. 58. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ^ "Den kongelige norske Sanct Olavs Orden", Norges Statskalender (in Norwegian), 1922, pp. 1173–1174, archived from the original on 17 September 2021, retrieved 17 September 2021 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ Sveriges Statskalender (in Swedish), vol. 2, 1940, p. 7, archived from the original on 7 January 2018, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
- ^ "Image: 505953022_2_Big.jpg, (449 × 600 px)". 3.bp.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- Royal Thai Government Gazette (in Thai). 3 March 1917. Archived from the original(PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
- ^ "No. 38339". The London Gazette. 29 June 1948. p. 3787.
- ^ "The Buffs (East Kent Regiment)" (PDF). Kent Fallen. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "The Queen's Regiment". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
- ^ "Connection with The Princess of Wales Royal Regiment". The Danish Royal House. 22 April 2023. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
Bibliography
- Bramsen, Bo (1992). Huset Glücksborg. Europas svigerfader og hans efterslægt [The House of Glücksburg. The Father-in-law of Europe and his descendants] (in Danish) (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: Forlaget Forum. ISBN 87-553-1843-6.
- Fabricius Møller, Jes (2013). Dynastiet Glücksborg, en Danmarkshistorie [The Glücksborg Dynasty, a history of Denmark] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Gad. ISBN 978-87-12-04841-1.
- Lerche, Anna; Mandal, Marcus (2003). A royal family: the story of Christian IX and his European descendants. Copenhagen: Aschehoug. ISBN 978-87-15-10957-7.
- Scocozza, Benito (1997). "Frederik 9.". Politikens bog om danske monarker [Politiken's book about Danish monarchs] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag. pp. 200–203. ISBN 87-567-5772-7.
External links
- The Royal Lineage at the website of the Danish Monarchy
- Frederik IX at the website of the Amalienborg Palace
- Newspaper clippings about Frederik IX of Denmark in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW