Frederick Sykes
Sir Frederick Sykes | |
---|---|
Commander of the Legion of Honour (France) (Japan)Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd Class | |
Other work | Statesman, politician |
Sykes was a junior officer in the 15th Hussars before becoming interested in military aviation. He was the first Officer Commanding the Military Wing of the Royal Flying Corps before the First World War, and later served as the Flying Corps' Chief of Staff in France in 1914 and 1915. Later in the war, he served in the Royal Naval Air Service in the Eastern Mediterranean before returning to Great Britain where he worked to organise the Machine Gun Corps and manpower planning. In late 1917 and early 1918, Sykes was the deputy to General Wilson on the Supreme War Council and from April 1918 to early 1919 he served as the second Chief of the Air Staff.
After the war, Sykes was appointed the Controller of Civil Aviation and he continued in this role until 1922 when he entered politics, becoming the Conservative MP for
Military career
Sykes was the son of Henry Sykes and Margaret Sykes (née Sykes), and nephew of the artist
In 1904, Sykes's interest in aviation was first demonstrated when he obtained a
On 13 May 1912 Sykes was appointed Officer Commanding the Military Wing of the Royal Flying Corps with the temporary rank of major.[11] His duties included the recruitment and training of pilots.[10] While in command, Sykes solicited suggestions for a new motto for the Corps: Sykes approved J S Yule's suggestion, Per Ardua ad Astra, and it was this phrase which was subsequently adopted by the Royal Air Force as its motto.[12] On 9 July 1913 his role was restyled as Commandant of the Military Wing of the Royal Flying Corps and he was granted the temporary rank of lieutenant-colonel.[13]
With the outbreak of the
Sykes visited the
Sykes was made assistant adjutant and quartermaster-general of the 4th Mounted Division in March 1916
Sykes's military career culminated in his appointment as
Sykes was appointed a Commander of the Belgian
From 1919 to 1922, Sykes was the Controller of Civil Aviation.[2] He was awarded the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd Class on 4 January 1921[36] and in 1922 he published Aviation in War and Peace, a history of aviation in three chapters which covered pre-War flight, aviation during World War I and both military and civil aviation in peace time.[37]
Political career
Sykes entered political life at the
Sykes returned to Great Britain in 1933 and for the next six years he held various directorships and official committee posts including with the Miners' Welfare Commission and the
With the outbreak of war in 1939 Sykes offered his services to the British Government but he was not required, and so he stood for Parliament once more. After the death in May 1940 of Terence O'Connor, the Solicitor General and MP for Nottingham Central, Sykes was returned unopposed in the resulting by-election.[49] He sat as Nottingham Central MP until defeated at the 1945 general election.[2]
Personal life
In 1920 Sykes married Isabel Harrington Law, the elder daughter of Bonar Law, the Conservative Party leader who two years later became Prime Minister. Frederick and Isabel Sykes had one son, Bonar Sykes.[1]
Sykes bought the 18th-century
Frederick Sykes died at Beaumont Street, London on 30 September 1954,[1] and was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium.[52] Geoffrey de Havilland wrote to Isabel after the cremation: "I was deeply touched by your husband's wish that I should scatter the ashes over Salisbury Plain. I will, of course, do so... I always had admiration and affection for your husband and will always remember his kindness and help in the early days at Farnborough."[51] Isabel died in 1969.[50]
References
- ^ required.)
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Air Vice Marshal Sir Frederick Sykes". Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ "No. 27360". The London Gazette. 1 October 1901. p. 6397.
- ^ "No. 27537". The London Gazette. 24 March 1903. p. 1985.
- ^ "No. 27595". The London Gazette. 8 September 1903. p. 5598.
- ^ "No. 27745". The London Gazette. 20 December 1904. p. 8720.
- ^ "No. 28193". The London Gazette. 6 November 1908. p. 8028.
- ^ "Aviators' Certificates". Flight International. 1911. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ "No. 28471". The London Gazette. 3 March 1911. p. 1636.
- ^ a b c d e Probert, p. 5
- ^ "No. 28609". The London Gazette. 17 May 1912. p. 3583.
- ^ "Per Ardua ad Astra". New English Review. January 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ "No. 28735". The London Gazette. 8 July 1913. p. 4870.
- ^ "No. 28879". The London Gazette. 25 August 1914. p. 6685.
- ^ "No. 30359". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 October 1917. p. 11252.
- ^ "No. 29054". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 January 1915. p. 990.
- ^ "No. 29074". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 February 1915. p. 1687.
- ^ "No. 29304". The London Gazette. 21 September 1915. pp. 9323–9324.
- ^ "No. 29304". The London Gazette. 21 September 1915. p. 9324.
- ^ "Milestones of Flight: British Military Aviation in 1915". RAF Museum. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ "No. 29507". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 March 1916. p. 2869.
- ^ "No. 29507". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 March 1916. p. 2867.
- ^ "No. 29547". The London Gazette. 14 April 1916. p. 3915.
- ^ "No. 29699". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 August 1916. p. 7860.
- ^ "No. 30087". The London Gazette (Supplement). 22 May 1917. p. 5037.
- ^ "No. 30528". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 February 1918. p. 2130.
- ^ "No. 30640". The London Gazette. 19 April 1918. p. 4743.
- ^ Ash, pp. 175–177
- ^ Boyle, pp. 325–328
- ^ "No. 31098". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1918. p. 91.
- ^ "No. 31348". The London Gazette. 20 May 1919. p. 6249.
- ^ "No. 31457". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 July 1919. p. 8987.
- ^ "No. 31457". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 July 1919. p. 8986.
- ^ "No. 31522". The London Gazette. 26 August 1919. p. 10753.
- ^ "No. 31519". The London Gazette. 22 August 1919. p. 10724.
- ^ "No. 32180". The London Gazette. 4 January 1921. p. 62.
- ^ Aviation in War and Peace. Amazon Books. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ "No. 32775". The London Gazette. 8 December 1922. p. 8709.
- ^ "No. 32897". The London Gazette. 11 January 1924. p. 365.
- ^ "No. 32996". The London Gazette. 25 November 1924. p. 8531.
- ^ "No. 33405". The London Gazette. 20 June 1928. p. 4897.
- ^ "No. 33433". The London Gazette. 26 October 1928. p. 6856.
- ^ "No. 33436". The London Gazette. 6 November 1928. p. 7205.
- ^ "No. 33440". The London Gazette. 20 November 1928. p. 7549.
- ^ "No. 33995". The London Gazette. 14 November 1933. p. 7375.
- ISBN 9781136315237. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ^ "No. 34020". The London Gazette. 2 February 1934. p. 749.
- ^ "No. 34297". The London Gazette. 23 June 1936. p. 4013.
- ^ "No. 34903". The London Gazette. 23 July 1940. p. 4529.
- ^ a b Baggs, A. P.; Crowley, D. A.; Pugh, Ralph B.; Stevenson, Janet H.; Tomlinson, Margaret (1975). "Parishes: Chirton". In Crittall, Elizabeth (ed.). A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 10. Victoria County History. University of London. pp. 60–71. Retrieved 9 May 2022 – via British History Online.
- ^ a b Ash, Eric A. (1995). Sir Frederick H. Sykes and the Air Revolution: 1912-1918 (PDF) (D.Phil. dissertation). University of Calgary, Alberta. pp. 1, 20.
- ISSN 0140-0460.
Sources
- Ash, Eric (1999). Sir Frederick Sykes and the air revolution, 1912–1918. Frank Cass. ISBN 0-7146-4828-0.
- ASIN B0000CLC2N.
- Probert, Henry (1991). High Commanders of the Royal Air Force. HMSO. ISBN 0-11-772635-4.
- Sykes, Frederick (1942). Many Angles: an autobiography. Harrap, London. ASIN B000ZFPGE0.