Frederick VII of Denmark

The expectation that Frederick would not likely produce offspring, despite numerous affairs, was widespread, but sources rarely state the reasons. Some speculate that Frederick was infertile. During the reign of Frederick's father, Christian VIII, the succession question was already being brought forward. (See below: Succession crisis)

It has been claimed that Frederick did indeed father a son, Frederik Carl Christian Poulsen, born on 21 November 1843, as a result of his relationship with Else Maria Guldborg Pedersen (also referred to as Marie Poulsen), which took place after his first two unhappy marriages. This was first asserted in 1994. In 2009, a Danish woman, Else Margrethe ('Gete') Bondo Oldenborg Maaløe claimed to be the great-granddaughter of Frederik VII through Frederik Carl. Maaloe possesses four letters from Frederick to Marie Poulsen acknowledging paternity; these are quoted in her book, published in 2009.^[3][4] In all cases, however, extramarital offspring were and still are barred from the line of succession.

It has been claimed Frederick had a same-sex relationship with his friend,

Frederick, who was the last king of the older branch of the Oldenburg dynasty, had a rather neglected childhood after the divorce of his parents. His youth was marked by private scandals and for many years he appeared as the problem child of the royal family. When he succeeded to the throne in January 1848, he was almost at once met by the demands for a constitution. The Schleswig-Holsteiners wanted an independent state while the Danes wished to maintain South Jutland as a Danish area. The king soon yielded to the Danish demands, and in March he accepted the end of

During his reign, Frederick on the whole behaved as a constitutional monarch. He did not, however, quite give up interfering in politics. In 1854, he contributed to the fall of the strongly conservative Ørsted cabinet, and in 1859–60, he accepted a liberal government appointed on the initiative of his wife. During the crisis in the Duchies in 1862–63, shortly before his death, he spoke openly for an inter-Scandinavian military co-operation. Those minor crises created frictions and maintained some permanent insecurity, but did not damage his general popularity. In some of these affairs, he overstepped the mark beyond any doubt; on the other hand, the first Danish constitution was somewhat vague as regards to the limits of royal power.

Frederick's rule also witnessed the heyday of the

Succession crisis

Frederick was married three times, but he produced no legitimate issue. The fact that he reached middle age without producing an heir meant that his second cousin Prince Christian of Glücksburg (1818–1906), the paternal descendant of

Some rights also belonged to the Glücksburg line, a more junior branch of the royal clan. They were also semi-Salic heirs of Frederick III through a daughter of Frederick V of Denmark's, and they were more junior agnatic heirs eligible to succeed in Schleswig-Holstein. These dynasts were Christian of Glücksburg (1818–1906) and his two elder brothers, the younger of whom had sons and daughters.

Frederick VII died in

Frederick VII managed to make himself one of the most beloved Danish kings of recent times.^[

Honours

Danish honours[10]

• Knight of the Elephant, 28 October 1817
• Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog
• Grand Commander of the Dannebrog, 10 June 1841

Foreign honours^[11]

• Ascanian duchies: Grand Cross of Albert the Bear, 17 December 1840^[12]
•  Austrian Empire: Grand Cross of St. Stephen, 1849^[13]
•  Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold, 20 March 1857^[14]
•  Empire of Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of Pedro I
• French Empire: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
•  Kingdom of Hanover:^[15]
  • Knight of St. George, 1851
  • Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order
• Knight of the Golden Lion
•  Kingdom of Italy: Knight of the Annunciation, 25 August 1861^[16]
•  
  Military William Order, 21 June 1849^[17]
•  Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Golden Crown, 10 February 1848^[18]
•  Kingdom of Portugal: Grand Cross of the Sash of the Three Orders^[19]
• Kingdom of Prussia:
  • Knight of the Black Eagle, 14 December 1840^[20]
  • Grand Cross of the Red Eagle
•  Russian Empire:
  • Knight of St. Andrew
  • Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
  • Knight of the White Eagle
  • Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class
•  Spain: Knight of the Golden Fleece, 25 February 1848^[21]
• 
  Sweden-Norway
  :
  • Knight of the Seraphim, 14 June 1841^[22]
  • Knight of the Order of Charles XIII, 11 April 1853^[23]
  • Grand Cross of St. Olav
• Beylik of Tunis: Husainid Family Order^[24]
•  
  Knight of St. Januarius, 1848^[25]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Frederick VII of Denmark
8. Princess Charlotte Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (=11) 3. Duchess Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 14. Prince John August of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 7. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 15. Countess Louise of Reuss-Schleitz

References

Citations

1. ^ "Frederik VII, Konge af Danmark". Salmonsens konversationsleksikon. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
2. ^
   ISBN 978-87-7070-014-6
   .
3. ^ "Margrethe kunne være din dronning" ("Margrethe could be your Queen"), Politiken, 2 October 2009 (in Danish)
4. ISBN 978-87-91365-44-7
5. ^ DIS-Forum :: AneEfterlysning :: Louise Rasmussen (Danner)
6. ^ P. Fr. Suhm: Hemmelige Efterretninger om de danske Konger efter souveraineteten, Copenhagen 1918
7. ^ Year: 1863; Quantity released: 101,000 coin; Weight: 28.893 gram; Composition: Silver 87.5%; Diameter: 39.5 mm – https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces23580.html
8. ISBN 978-87-11-22878-4
   .
9. P.V. Glob
   (1969). The Bog People: Iron Age Man Preserved. London: Faber and Faber Limited. Page 68-69.
10. ^ Johann Heinrich Friedrich Berlien (1846). Der Elephanten-Orden und seine Ritter: eine historische Abhandlung über die ersten Spuren dieses Ordens und dessen fernere Entwicklung bis zu seiner gegenwärtigen Gestalt, und nächstdem ein Material zur Personalhistorie, nach den Quellen des Königlichen Geheimen-Staatsarchivs und des Königlichen Ordenskapitelsarchivs zu Kopenhagen. Gedruckt in der Berlingschen Officin. p. 153.
11. ^ Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1861) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1861 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1861] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 1. Retrieved 9 May 2020 – via da:DIS Danmark.
12. ^ Anhalt-Köthen (1851). Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch für die Herzogthümer Anhalt-Dessau und Anhalt-Köthen: 1851. Katz. p. 10.
13. ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
14. ^ Ferdinand Veldekens (1858). Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer. lelong. p. 181.
15. ^ Staat Hannover (1861). Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1861. Berenberg. pp. 37, 68.
16. ^ Cibrario, Luigi (1869). Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri (in Italian). Eredi Botta. p. 118. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
17. ^ "Militaire Willems-Orde: Frederik VII" [Military William Order: Frederick VII]. Ministerie van Defensie (in Dutch). 21 June 1849. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
18. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg: für das Jahr 1861, "Der Großherzogliche Haus-und Verdienst Orden" p. 30
19. ^ "Frederick VII's Miniature Orders". Retrieved 10 May 2020 – via kongernessamling.dk.
20. ^ Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler (1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm IV. ernannte Ritter" p. 21
21. ^ "Caballeros Existentes en la Insignie Orden del Toison de Oro", Calendario Manual y Guía de Forasteros en Madrid (in Spanish): 80, 1850, retrieved 9 May 2020
22. ISBN 91-630-6744-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )
23. ^ Anton Anjou (1900). "Utländske Riddare". Riddare af Konung Carl XIII:s orden: 1811–1900: biografiska anteckningar (in Swedish). Eksjö, Eksjö tryckeri-aktiebolag. p. 175.
24. ^ "Nichan ad-Dam, ou ordre du Sang, institué... – Lot 198".
25. ^ Angelo Scordo, Vicende e personaggi dell'Insigne e reale Ordine di San Gennaro dalla sua fondazione alla fine del Regno delle Due Sicilie (PDF) (in Italian), p. 9, archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016

Bibliography

• Bramsen, Bo (1985). Ferdinand og Caroline : en beretning om prinsen, der nødig ville være konge af Danmark [Ferdinand and Caroline: an account of the prince who was reluctant to be king of Denmark] (in Danish) (4th ed.).
  ISBN 8787439220
  .
• Jørgensen, Adolph Ditlev (1889). "Frederik VII, Konge". In Carl Frederik Bricka (ed.). Dansk Biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537–1814 (in Danish). Vol. V (1st ed.). Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag. pp. 315–324.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frederick VII of Denmark.

• The Royal Lineage at the website of the
  Danish Monarchy
• Frederik VII at the website of the Royal Danish Collection at Rosenborg Castle

Frederick VII House of Oldenburg Born: 6 October 1808 Died: 15 November 1863
Regnal titles
Preceded by Christian VIII	King of Denmark Duke of Schleswig, Holstein and Saxe-Lauenburg 1848–1863	Succeeded by Christian IX