Free Officers Movement (Egypt)
Free Officers Movement | |
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حركة الضباط الأحرار | |
1952 Egyptian Revolution | |
Commanders | |
Commanders | Mohamed Naguib Gamal Abdel Nasser Abdel Hakim Amer Abdel Latif Boghdadi Zakaria Mohieddin |
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Egyptian Armed Forces |
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History of the Egyptian military |
Background
The
Formation
Politicians and government bodies were forced to respond to the demands of groups who were directly affected by the initiative changes and withdrawals. Some of these groups included military officers. While the first military coups began in Syria in the late 1940s, it was the Free Officers coup in Egypt and the revolution of 1952 that would have the greatest impact, and encourage later movements.[4] The members were not from the wealthy elite, but rather the middle class, young workers, government officials and junior officers.[2] The movement, which began and spread throughout the 1940s, came to fruition with the leadership of Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser, who commanded the loyalty and respect of the other members, formed a coordinating committee (1949), which he was later asked to lead (1950).[5]
Coming from a modest background, he represented the group's majority: the hard-working middle class. The Free Officers consisted of urban dwellers and educated militants with a lower-middle-class upbringing. Nasser was a war hero who rose quickly in military rank to colonel. He, like many others, dedicated his time and energy to reversing the corruption seen on the part of the government throughout the
In 1951, while operating covertly within the military, the Free Officers formulated a six-point plan to direct their administration following the coup. The program called for the destruction of
The continued agitation within Egypt as a result of British control led to a series of revolts in which British military outposts were attacked. During 1950–52, workers in the
Legacy
Similar movements were organised by other groups of junior officers seeking to mimic the Free Officers' ascent to power. In Iraq, a faction of
In Syria a coalition of Arab nationalist officers, including
Then
The anniversary of the
The name was consciously assumed by the Free Officers and Civilians Movement, led by Brigadier-General Najib al-Salihi who opposed Saddam Hussein.
Members
This is a list of some of the major officers of the movement:
- Major General Muhammad Naguib(Border Guards)
- Brigadier General Youssef Seddik(Infantry)
- Lieutenant Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser (Infantry)
- Lieutenant Colonel Anwar El-Sadat(Military Communication)
- Lieutenant Colonel Zakaria Mohieddin (Infantry)
- Major Abdel Hakim Amer (Infantry)
- Major Salah Salem (Artillery)
- Major Kamal el-Din Hussein (Artillery)
- Major Khalid Mohieddin(Armoured Corps)
- Major Hussein Al Shafei(Armoured Corps)
- General Ali Elbana
- Major Hamdy Ebeid
- Captain Abdel Moneim Abdel Raouf (Air force)
- Wing Commander Gamal Salem (Air force)
- Wing Commander Abd al-Latif al-Boghdadi (Air force)
- Squadron Leader Hassan Ibrahim (Air force)
- Amin Shaker (Military Communication)
- Mashhour Ahmed Mashhour
- Aly Mansour (Air Force)
- Mounier Shash (Artillery)
- Major General Mohamed Uthman (Infantry)
See also
- Egyptian Revolution of 1952
- Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council
- History of Modern Egypt
- Free Officers Movement (Libya)
References
- ^ Hussein Mohamed Ahmed Hamouda, Asrār Ḥarakat aḍ-Ḍubbāṭ al-ʾAḥrār wa l-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn, al-Zahrā' al-i'lām al-'arabī (1994), Chapter 6, section 4: see http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9434122
- ^ ISBN 978-1-108-47504-4, retrieved 2023-08-29
- ^ Stenner, David (2019). Globalizing Morocco. Stanford University Press. p. 72.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ a b c d Gelvin, James L. The Modern Middle East: A History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
- ^ Cleveland, William L.; Bunton (2016). A History of the Modern Middle East (6th ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 288–289.
- ^ All the revolution's men. Al Ahram Weekly. Issue No. 595, 18–24 July 2002. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ Cleveland, William L.; Bunton (2016). A History of the Modern Middle East (6th ed.). Routledge. p. 289.
- ^ Cleveland, William; Bunton (2018). A History of the Modern Middle East (6th ed.). Routledge. p. 310.
External links
- Armed Conflicts events Data: Egypt Coup 1952 Archived 2012-05-15 at the Wayback Machine