French Congo
French Congo Congo français (French) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1882–1960 | |||||||||||||
Status | French colony | ||||||||||||
Capital | Brazzaville | ||||||||||||
Common languages | French (official) Fang, Myene, Kongo, Lingala | ||||||||||||
Religion | Christianity, Bwiti, Islam, traditional religions | ||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||
• Established | 1882[1] | ||||||||||||
• Renamed Middle Congo | 1903 | ||||||||||||
• Reestablished as French Equatorial Africa | 1910 | ||||||||||||
Currency | French franc | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Today part of | Republic of the Congo |
The French Congo (French: Congo français) or Middle Congo (French: Moyen-Congo) was a French colony which at one time comprised the present-day area of the Republic of the Congo and parts of Gabon, and the Central African Republic. In 1910, it was made part of the larger French Equatorial Africa.
The modern Republic of the Congo is considered French Congo's successor state, having virtually identical borders, and having inherited rights to sovereignty and independence from France through the dissolution of French Equatorial Africa in the late 1950s.
History
The French Congo began at
Even with these measures most of the companies lost money. Only about ten earned profits. Many of the companies' vast holdings existed only on paper with virtually no presence on the ground in Africa.
The French Congo was sometimes known as Gabon-Congo.
In 1911 the
A 1906 study L'Expansion coloniale au Congo français, 'The colonial expansion of French Congo', was published in conjunction with the French
List of governors
- Chief administrators
- 12 Mar 1889 - 27 Apr 1895 Fortuné Charles de Chavannes (s.a.)
- 27 Apr 1895 - 22 Jan 1899 Louis Henri Albert Dolisie (b. 1856 - d. 1899)
- 1 May 1899 - 11 Jul 1902 Jean-Baptiste Philema Lemaire (b. 1856 - d. 1932)
- 11 Jul 1902 - 5 Apr 1906 Émile Gentil (b. 1866 - d. 1914)
- 5 Apr 1906 - 12 Mar 1909 Adolphe Louis Cureau (b. 1864 - d. 1913)
- 17 Jan 1908 - 17 Nov 1908 Édouard Marie Bertrand Eugène Dubosc-Taret (acting for Cureau) (b. 1857 - d. 19..)
- Lieutenant governors
- 12 Mar 1909 - 27 Jun 1910 Adolphe Louis Cureau (s.a.)
- 27 Jun 1910 - 28 Jul 1911 Édouard Dubosc-Taret (acting) (s.a.)
- 28 Jul 1911 - 16 Apr 1916 Lucien Louis Fourneau (b. 1867 - d. 1930), acting to 17 Oct 1912)
- 16 Apr 1916 - 17 Jul 1917 Jules Gaston Henri Carde (b. 1874 - d. 1949), (acting to 12 Oct 1916)
- 17 Jul 1917 - 2 Apr 1919 Jules Guy Le Prince (acting) (b. 1868 - d. 19..)
- 2 Apr 1919 - 16 May 1919 Édmond Émilien Cadier (b. 1868 - d. 1951)
- 16 May 1919 - 21 Aug 1919 Jean Henri Marchand (1st time, acting)) (b. 1864 - d. 19..)
- 21 Aug 1919 - 16 Aug 1922 Mattéo Mathieu Maurice Alfassa (b. 1876 - d. 1942)
- 16 Aug 1922 - 20 Apr 1923 Georges Thomann (acting) (b. 1872 - d. 1943)
- 24 Apr 1923 - 21 Jul 1925 Jean Henri Marchand (acting, 2nd time) (s.a.)
- 21 Jul 1925 - 1 Dec 1929 Administration by AEF Governor-general
- 1 Dec 1929 - 4 Dec 1930 Marcel Alix Jean Marchessou (acting) (b. 1879 - d. 1964)
- 4 Dec 1930 - May 1931 Pierre Simon Antonin Bonnefont (acting) (b. 1877 - d. 1950)
- May 1931 - 1932 Max de Masson de Saint-Félix (b. 1882 - d. 1958)
- 1932 - 21 Nov 1932 Émile Buhot-Launay (acting) (b. 1881 - d. 1970)
- 21 Nov 1932 - 10 Feb 1941 Administration by AEF Governor-general
- 10 Feb 1941 - 20 Aug 1945 Gabriel Émile Fortune (b. 1897 - d. 1971)
- 21 Feb 1942 - 19 Jul 1942 Jean Charles André Capagorry (acting for Fortune) (b. 1894 - d. 1981)
- 20 Aug 1945 - 30 Apr 1946 Administration by AEF Governor-general
- 30 Apr 1946 - 16 May 1946 Christian Robert Roger Laigret (acting) (b. 1903 - d. 1977)
- 16 May 1946 - 6 Nov 1946 Administration by AEF Governor-general
- 6 Nov 1946 - 31 Dec 1947 Numa François Henri Sadoul (b. 1906 - d. 1990)
- 31 Dec 1947 - 1 Mar 1950 Jacques Georges Fourneau (b. 1901 - d. 1956)
- 1 Mar 1950 - 25 Apr 1952 Paul Jules Marie Le Layec (b. 1901 - d. 1965)
- 25 Apr 1952 - 15 Jul 1953 Jean Georges Chambon (b. 1896 - d. 1965)
- 15 Jul 1953 - 2 Nov 1956 Ernest Eugène Rouys (acting to 19 Feb 1954) (b. 1901 - d. ....)
- 2 Nov 1956 - 29 Jan 1958 Jean-Michel Marie René Soupault (b. 1918 - d. 1993)
- 29 Jan 1958 - 7 Jan 1959 Charles Paul Dériaud (acting) (b. 1911 - d. 1964)
- High Commissioner
- 7 Jan 1959 - 15 Aug 1960 Guy Noël Georgy (b. 1918 - d. 2003)
See also
- Belgian Congo
- Raphaël Etifier
- French colonial empire
- French Equatorial Africa
- List of French possessions and colonies
- Ngalifourou
- Syndicat professionnel des commerçants et transporteurs africains du Congo
References
- ^ a b c d Histoire militaire des colonies, pays de protectorat et pays sous mandat. 7. "Histoire militaire de l'Afrique Équatoriale française". 1931. Accessed 9 October 2011. (in French)
- ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5, retrieved 16 January 2021
- ^ Payeur-Didelot: "Gabon – Colonie française du Gabon-Congo, 1/3,700,000", 1894. (in French)
- ^ Rouget, Ferdinand (1906). The Colonial Expansion of French Congo (in French). Émile Larose – via World Digital Library. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
- ISSN 0015-7120.
- OCLC 639696145.
Further reading
- Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). pp. 99–102. .
- Petringa, Maria. Brazza, A Life for Africa. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2006. ISBN 978-1-4259-1198-0. Describes Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza's extensive explorations of what became French Congo, and later, French Equatorial Africa.
External links
- Media related to French Congo at Wikimedia Commons