French Togoland

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Territory of Togoland
Togo français (French)
1916–1960
Occupation
27 August 1914
• Togoland partitioned
27 December 1916
20 July 1922
• Autonomy
1955
• Independence
27 April 1960
CurrencyCFA franc
ISO 3166 codeTG
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Togoland
Togo
Today part ofTogo

French Togoland (

Togolese Republic, and the present day nation of Togo
.

Transfer from Germany to France and a mandate territory

French Togoland in pale purple (British Togoland in pale green)

French troops landed at

expanding bullets during the campaign and had armed native people not under their control, both violations of the Hague Conventions.[1] Togoland was divided into French and British administrative zones in 1916, and following the war, Togoland formally became a League of Nations
mandate divided for administrative purposes between France and the United Kingdom.

German nationalists in the Weimar Republic were reported to have objected to the seizure of the colony by the French via an interpellation in 1920, expressing their view that it violated Article 22 of the Treaty of Versailles. They also exclaimed via a news release that "the German Government naturally leaves nothing undone to prevent an interpretation of the treaty which would justify France's alleged intention."[3] The value of the colony to France was found in the existing railways, permitting a new link to the railway in Dahomey at Atakpamé and the ports of Lome, Segura and Little Popo.[4]

After World War II, the mandate became a UN trust territory, still administered by French commissioners.

By statute in 1955, French Togoland became an autonomous republic within the

1956 referendum. In the 1956 referendum, French Togoland decided to end the trusteeship.[5] On 10 September 1956, Nicolas Grunitzky became prime minister of the Autonomous Republic of Togo. The situation escalated further on 21 June 1957, when the local population of the Pya-Hodo, Kozah, took advantage of the visit of the United Nations mission, to express its frustration with the French colonial administration. Faced with the anger of the demonstrators, protesting against the arrest of the Togolese nationalist, Bouyo Moukpé, the colonial army fired on the crowd that frequented the Hoda market, killing 20 and injuring many.[6] Due to irregularities in the plebiscite, an unsupervised general election was held in 1958 and won by Sylvanus Olympio. On 27 April 1960, in a smooth transition, Togo severed its constitutional ties with France, shed its UN trusteeship status, and became fully independent under a provisional constitution with Olympio as president.[7]

Governors

Main article: List of colonial governors of Togo § French Togoland

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Colored People's Part in the World War: The Fight in Africa: Many Square Miles Wrenched From Germany: Black Troops Display Great Valor". The Richmond Planet. Richmond, VA. 2 March 1918. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  2. ^ "German Togoland Surrenders Without Conditions to Allies". New York Tribune. New York, NY. 27 August 1914. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  3. ^ "Germany Will Oppose French Annexation Plan". New York Tribune. New York, NY. 3 October 1920. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  4. ^ "African Tribes Pleased at Overthrow German Masters". The Chattanooga News. Chattanooga, TN. 27 February 1920. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  5. ISBN 978-0-230-27114-2
    .
  6. ^ 21 juin : les Togolais célèbrent les martyrs de la lutte pour l’indépendance, retrieved on 04-12-2023
  7. ^ Jacques Meyer May (1968). The Ecology of Malnutrition in the French Speaking Countries of West Africa and Madagascar: Senegal, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Togo, Dahomey, Cameroon, Niger, Mali, Upper Volta, and Madagascar. Hafner Publishing Company. p. 133.

Further reading

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