Fresno, California

Fresno
City
Fresno skyline with the Sierra Nevada Fresno Bee Building Fulton Mall Warnors Theatre Santa Fe Depot
Strong Mayor
• Mayor	Jerry Dyer[2]
• Council President	Annalisa Perea
• Council Vice President	Mike Karbassi
• City council[4]	Members Annalisa Perea Mike Karbassi Miguel Arias Tyler Maxwell Luis Chavez Garry Bredefeld Nelson Esparza
•  PDT)
ZIP Codes[9]	93650, 93701–93712, 93714–93718, 93720–93730, 93737, 93740, 93741, 93744, 93745, 93747, 93750, 93755, 93760, 93761, 93764, 93765, 93771–79, 93786, 93790–94, 93844, 93888
Area code	559
FIPS code	06-27000[10]
GNIS feature IDs	277606, 2410546
Website	www.fresno.gov

Fresno (

Named for the abundant ash trees lining the San Joaquin River, Fresno was founded in 1872 as a railway station of the Central Pacific Railroad before it was incorporated in 1885. It has since become an economic hub of Fresno County and the San Joaquin Valley, with much of the surrounding areas in the Metropolitan Fresno region predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production. Fresno is near the geographic center of California, approximately 220 miles (350 km) north of Los Angeles, 170 miles (270 km) south of the state capital, Sacramento, and 185 miles (300 km) southeast of San Francisco. Yosemite National Park is about 60 miles (100 km) to the north, Kings Canyon National Park 60 miles (100 km) to the east, and Sequoia National Park 75 miles (120 km) to the southeast.

Fresno is also the fourth-largest majority-Hispanic city in the United States with 50.5% of its population being Hispanic in 2020.^[13]

History

The original inhabitants of the

of the Central California coast, with whom they are thought to have traded plant and animal products.

The first European to enter the San Joaquin Valley was

.

The San Joaquin River flooded on December 24, 1867, inundating Millerton. Some residents rebuilt, others moved. Flooding also destroyed the town of Scottsburg on the nearby Kings River that winter. Rebuilt on higher ground, Scottsburg was renamed Centerville.^[15]

In 1867, Anthony Easterby purchased land bounded by the present Chestnut, Belmont, Clovis and California avenues, that today is called the Sunnyside district. Unable to grow wheat for lack of water, he hired sheep man Moses Church in 1870 to create an irrigation system.^[16] Building new canals and purchasing existing ditches, Church then formed the Fresno Canal and Irrigation Company, a predecessor of the Fresno Irrigation District.

In 1872, the

In 1865,

Two years after the station was established, county residents voted to move the county seat from Millerton to Fresno. When the Friant Dam was completed in 1944, the site of Millerton became inundated by the waters of Millerton Lake. In extreme droughts, when the reservoir shrinks, ruins of the original county seat can still be observed.

In the nineteenth century, with so much wooden construction and in the absence of sophisticated firefighting resources, fires often ravaged American frontier towns. The greatest of Fresno's early-day fires, in 1882, destroyed an entire block of the city. Another devastating blaze struck in 1883.

In 1909, Fresno's first and oldest synagogue, Temple Beth Israel, was founded.

Fresno entered the ranks of the 100 most populous cities in the United States in 1960 with a population of 134,000. Thirty years later, in the 1990 census, it moved up to 47th place with 354,000, and in the census of 2000, it achieved 37th place with 428,000.^[22]

The

Before World War II, Fresno had many ethnic neighborhoods, including Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy, and

Fresno Fairgrounds

were also utilized as an assembly center.

Row crops and orchards gave way to urban development particularly in the period after World War II; this transition was particularly vividly demonstrated in locations such as the Blackstone Avenue corridor.

In September 1958, Bank of America launched a new product called BankAmericard in Fresno. After a troubled gestation during which its creator resigned, BankAmericard went on to become the world's first successful credit card. This financial instrument was usable across a large number of merchants and also allowed cardholders to revolve a balance (earlier financial products could do one or the other but not both). In 1976, BankAmericard was renamed and spun off into a separate company known today as Visa Inc.

In the 1960s, Fresno suffered numerous demolitions of historic buildings, including the old Fresno County Courthouse and the original buildings of Edison High School because of car-centric urban planning and to make more room for cars and parking lots, which wasn't uncommon in many other cities in the region and the whole USA.

The dance style commonly known as

In 1995, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Operation Rezone sting resulted in several prominent Fresno and Clovis politicians being charged in connection with taking bribes in return for rezoning farmland for housing developments. Before the sting brought a halt to it, housing developers could buy farmland cheaply, pay off council members to have it rezoned, and make a large profit building and selling inexpensive housing. Sixteen people were eventually convicted as a result of the sting.^[28]

In the early 2000s, Fresno's two major venues were built, Chukchansi Park (2002) and Save Mart Center (2003). The 2017 Fresno shootings resulted in the death of 4 people.

Geography

Fresno has a total area of 116 square miles (300 km²) with 98.96% land covering 114.79 square miles (297.3 km²), and 1.04% water, 1.21 square miles (3.1 km²).

Fresno's location, very near the geographical center of California, places the city a comfortable distance from many of the major recreation areas and urban centers in the state. Just 60 mi (97 km) south of

and the central coast.

Because Fresno sits at the junction of Highways 41 and 99 (SR 41 is Yosemite National Park's southern access road, and SR 99 bypasses Interstate 5 to serve the urban centers of the San Joaquin Valley), the city is a major gateway for Yosemite visitors coming from Los Angeles. The city also serves as an entrance into Sierra National Forest via Highway 168, and Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks via Highway 180.

Fresno has three large public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest.

In its 2023 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land, a national land conservation organization, reported that Fresno had one of the worst park systems among the 100 most populous U.S. cities, with only 5% of city land being used for parks and recreation.^[31] The survey measures median park size, park acres as percent of city area, residents' access to parks, spending on parks per resident, and playgrounds per 10,000 residents.

Neighborhoods

Downtown

^[32] The Central Pacific Railroad built a small wooden depot in 1872. In 1889, the Southern Pacific Railroad, which had acquired Central Pacific, constructed a new depot on the original depot site. The brick Queen Anne style depot was a jewel for the city and is one of Fresno's oldest standing buildings. In 1971, 99 years after it first opened for business on its current site, the Depot closed its rail operations due to the decline in business.^[33]

Between the 1880s and World War II, Downtown Fresno flourished, filled with electric streetcars,^[34] and contained a number of "lavish" and "opulent" buildings.^[35] Among them, the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (demolished), the Old Fresno Water Tower, the Bank of Italy Building, the Pacific Southwest Building, the San Joaquin Light and Power Building (currently known as the Grand 1401), and the Hughes Hotel (burned down), to name a few.

Fulton Street in Downtown Fresno was Fresno's main financial and commercial district before being converted into one of the nation's first pedestrian malls in 1964.^[36] Renamed the Fulton Mall, the area contains the densest collection of historic buildings in Fresno. While the Fulton Mall corridor has suffered a sharp decline from its heyday, the Mall includes some of the finest public art pieces in the country, including a casting of Pierre-Auguste Renoir's bronze "The Washer Woman", reportedly the only one of the six castings that one can walk up to and touch. In October 2017, the City of Fresno finished and opened Fulton Mall to traffic, becoming Fulton Street. This change was celebrated with a large public parade featuring current Mayor Lee Brand and former Mayor Ashley Swearengin.^[37] The public art pieces will be restored and placed near their current locations and will feature wide sidewalks (up to 28' on the east side of the street) to continue with the pedestrian-friendly environment of the district.^[38]

Tower District

The historic Tower Theatre, which is included on the National Register of Historic Places,^[39] is the center of the Tower District. The theater was built in 1939 at the corner of Olive and Wishon Avenues. The Tower District neighborhood is just north of downtown Fresno proper, and one-half mile south of Fresno City College.^[40] Although the neighborhood was known as a residential area, the early commercial establishments of the Tower District began with small shops and services that flocked to the area shortly after World War II. The character of small local businesses largely remains today. To some extent, the businesses of the Tower District were developed due to the proximity of the original Fresno Normal School (later renamed California State University at Fresno). In 1916, the college moved to what is now the site of Fresno City College one-half mile north^[41] of the Tower District.

After decades of neglect and suburban flight, the neighborhood revival followed the re-opening of the Tower Theatre in the late 1970s, which at that time showed second- and third-run movies, along with classic films. Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater &

-winning actress. Also in the Tower District is Good Company Players' 2nd Space Theatre.

The Tower District is a hub for community events such as Jamaica My Weekend, Mardi Gras in February, Gay Pride Parade, car shows, A Taste of The Tower, Halloween in the Tower, the Farmers' market opened on the northwest corner of Olive and Van Ness and LitHop, an annual literary festival, featuring mostly local writers.

The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops and bookstores on or near Olive Avenue. Since renewal, the Tower District has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses. The Tower District is known as the center of Fresno's LGBT and hipster communities.^[43]

The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades. The area includes many

in north and east areas of Fresno.

Woodward Park

In the northeastern part of Fresno,

Fig Garden

Located in the western portion of Fresno,

In 1979, the name was changed to Fig Garden Home Owners Association.[46] Fig Garden is unique to the rest of Fresno, as it features largely no sidewalks and is lined with various large trees. The homes are well-maintained and landscaped due to strict regulations from the homeowners association. Due to a tax Fig Garden residences voted for, there is nearly round-the-clock sheriff service within the district.^[46] The district hosts the Fig Garden Christmas Tree Lane, which is a nationally recognized event.^[47] There is also an upscale swim and racquet club located in northwestern Fig garden, which has multiple amenities including a heated lap pool, massage therapy, daycare, etc.^[48] Towards the northern boundary there is a shopping center called Fig Garden Village which hosts a plethora of upscale shopping opportunities.^[49]

Climate

Fresno has a

The official record high temperature for Fresno is 115 °F (46.1 °C), set on July 8, 1905, while the official record low is 17 °F (−8 °C), set on January 6, 1913. The average windows for temperatures of 100 °F (37.8 °C)+ are June 2 through September 15; for temperatures of 90 °F (32.2 °C)+, April 25 through October 10; and for freezing temperatures, December 14 through January 24, although no freeze occurred during the 1983–84 or 2020–21 winter seasons. Annual rainfall has ranged from 23.57 inches (598.7 mm) in the "rain year" from July 1982 to June 1983 down to 4.43 inches (112.5 mm) from July 1933 to June 1934. The most rainfall in one month was 9.54 inches (242.3 mm) in November 1885 and the most rainfall in 24 hours was 3.55 inches (90.2 mm) on November 18, 1885.^[51] Measurable precipitation falls on an average of 46.5 days annually. Snow is a rarity; the heaviest snowfall at the airport was 2.2 inches (0.06 m) on January 21–22, 1962.^[51]

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

See or edit raw graph data.

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1880	1,112		—
1890	10,818		872.8%
1900	12,470		15.3%
1910	24,892		99.6%
1920	45,086		81.1%
1930	52,513		16.5%
1940	60,685		15.6%
1950	91,669		51.1%
1960	133,929		46.1%
1970	165,655		23.7%
1980	217,491		31.3%
1990	354,202		62.9%
2000	427,652		20.7%
2010	494,665		15.7%
2020	542,107		9.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[58] 2010–2020[7]

Fresno is the larger principal city of the

Fresno is home to numerous ethnic minority communities, such as the

Historical racial composition	2010[63]	1990[24]	1970[24]	1940[24]
White	49.6%	59.2%	86.7%	94.0%
—Non-Hispanic	30.0%	49.4%	72.6%[c]	n/a
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)	46.9%	29.9%	16.1%[c]	n/a
Black or African American	8.3%	8.3%	9.6%	3.3%
Asian	12.6%	12.5%	2.0%	2.7%

Fresno, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000[64]	Pop 2010[65]	Pop 2020[66]	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	159,473	148,598	129,705	37.29%	30.04%	23.93%
Black or African American alone (NH)	34,357	37,885	37,611	8.03%	7.66%	6.94%
Alaska Native alone (NH)	3,259	3,127	3,501	0.76%	0.63%	0.65%
Asian alone (NH)	47,136	60,939	77,243	11.02%	12.32%	14.25%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	427	663	766	0.10%	0.13%	0.14%
Other race alone (NH)	728	984	2,918	0.17%	0.20%	0.54%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)	11,752	10,414	16,592	2.75%	2.11%	3.06%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	170,520	232,055	273,771	39.87%	46.91%	50.50%
Total	427,520	494,665	542,107	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

2010

The

The Census reported that 485,798 people (98.2% of the population) lived in households, 4,315 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 4,552 (0.9%) were institutionalized.

There were 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 69,284 (43.8%) were

(70.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.62.

The age distribution of the population shows 148,823 people (30.1%) under the age of 18, 62,601 people (12.7%) aged 18 to 24, 135,076 people (27.3%) aged 25 to 44, 102,064 people (20.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 46,101 people (9.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males.

There were 171,288 housing units at an average density of 1,525.2 per square mile (588.9/km²), of which 158,349 were occupied, of which 77,757 (49.1%) were owner-occupied, and 80,592 (50.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.6%. 235,430 people (47.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 250,368 people (50.6%) lived in rental housing units.

2000

As of the census

of any race were 39.9% of the population.

There were 140,079 households, of which 40.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.57.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 32.9% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 17.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,236, and the median income for a family was $35,892. Males had a median income of $32,279 versus $26,551 for females. The

, including 36.5% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Fresno is the center of Metropolitan Fresno and serves as the regional hub for the San Joaquin Valley and the greater Central Valley region. The unincorporated area and rural cities surrounding Fresno remain predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production.

In 1958, Fresno was selected by Bank of America to first launch the BankAmericard credit card, which was later renamed Visa.

Companies based in Fresno include Pelco, Valley Yellow Pages, and Saladino's.

Top employers

According to the city's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,^[68] the top employers in the city are:

#	Employer	# of Employees
1	Fresno Unified School District	13,669
2	Community Medical Centers	9,000
3	County of Fresno	8,870
4	Amazon.com	6,500
5	Clovis Unified School District	6,400
6	City of Fresno	4,605
7	Internal Revenue Service	4,230
8	Foster Farms	3,063
9	Valley Children's Hospital	3,000
10	Saint Agnes Medical Center	2,900

Arts and culture

Performing arts and music

• Artists' Repertory Theatre
• Children's Musical Theatreworks
• Center State Productions
• Fresno Philharmonic
• Philip Lorenz International Keyboard Concerts
• Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & 2nd Space Theatre (Good Company Players)
• Rogue Festival
• Shine! Theatre^[69]
• Stageworks of Fresno
• Woodward Shakespeare Festival
• Youth Orchestras of Fresno

Theaters

• Azteca Theater
• Crest Theatre
• Liberty Theatre
• Tower Theatre – Tower Theatre for the Performing Arts
• Warnors Theatre – Warnor's Center for the Performing Arts
• Wilson Theatre – currently Cornerstone Church
• Veteran's Memorial Auditorium
• Clovis North High School

Museums

• African-American Museum of the San Joaquin Valley
• Arte Américas
• Armenian Museum of Fresno
• Discovery Center
• William Saroyan House Museum
• Forestiere Underground Gardens
• Fresno Art Museum
• Kearney Mansion Museum
• Legion of Valor Museum
• Meux Home Museum
• Old Fresno Water Tower Tourist Center
• Fresno Chaffee Zoo
• Sierra Endangered Cat Haven (Fresno County)

Events

• anime convention
  .
• Armenian Grape Blessing (August)^[70]
• ArtHop (first Thursday of every month) ^[71]
• The Big Fresno Fair, 12 days October, the largest event in the Central Valley attracting over 600,000 visitors^[72]
• Taco Truck Throwdown^[73]
• Christmas Tree Lane Every December^[74][75]
• Fresno LGBT Pride Parade, every June, first held in 1991^[76]
• Grizzly Fest April/May^[77]
• Valley DevFest (Fall) ^[78]
• Vintage Days March or April
• Greek Fest three days every September

Sports

Collegiate sports are very popular. Fresno State Bulldogs football program is considered to be the biggest event in terms of sporting events in the city. The term "Red Wave" is the name given to the fans of Fresno State athletics, and as well as "Pride of the Valley" since the university's fanbase represents all of Fresno and California's San Joaquin Valley.

The

. It is home to the college's football program and is also host to high school football games and track and field events.

The Fresno Yacht Club established in 1959 hosts the High Sierra Regatta on Huntington Lake every July (barring extreme drought) and regular sailing on Millerton Lake.^[79][80]

List of Fresno-based professional sports teams:

Club	Sport	Founded	League (level)	Venue
Fresno Grizzlies	Baseball	1998	Single-A )	Chukchansi Park
Fresno Monsters	Ice hockey	2009	United States Premier Hockey League (junior)	Selland Arena
Fuego FC	Soccer	2020	USL League One	Fresno State Soccer Stadium

Government

Fresno has a

.

City Council

• District 1 - Annalisa Perea (Council President)
• District 2 - Mike Karbassi (Council Vice President)
• District 3 - Miguel Arias
• District 4 - Tyler Maxwell
• District 5 - Luis Chavez
• District 6 - Garry Bredefeld
• District 7 - Nelson Esparza

Prior to 1901, Fresno's government was under a ward system which allowed for a board of trustees. From the trustees elected by the city wards, a President of the Board of Trustees would act as ex-officio mayor however did not hold the title of mayor. Because of this, the President of the Board of Trustees is not recognized as mayors of the City of Fresno.

Courts

California Court of Appeals

Fresno is the county seat of Fresno County. It maintains the main county courthouse on Van Ness in the Fresno County Plaza for criminal and some civil court cases.

The

.

Fresno is also the seat of the

.

Politics

As of 2016^[update], according to Fresno County Registrar of Voters, the majority of registered voters in both the city and county of Fresno are registered to the Democratic Party. According to the county registrar's official final reportU.S. President Barack Obama carried the county 49.99% in the 2008 United States presidential election.

State and federal representation

The citizens of Fresno are represented in the

The citizens of Fresno are represented in the

District 20

.

Education

Four-year institutions

California State University, Fresno is the main state school in Fresno though the University of California, Merced has its Fresno Center^[84] and the University of California, San Francisco has its Fresno Medical Education Program.^[85]

Private institutions include

• Alliant International University (For Profit)
• California Christian College (Private/Freewill Baptist)
• Fresno Pacific University (Private/Mennonite Brethren)
  • Fresno Pacific University Biblical Seminary
• Kaplan College
  , Fresno campus (formerly Maric College)
• National University, Fresno campus
• University of Phoenix (Private) (For Profit)
• DeVry University (Private) (For Profit, Career)

Two-year institutions

Public community colleges include Fresno City College and Clovis Community College.

Career colleges

• University of Phoenix
• DeVry University
• Institute of Technology
• San Joaquin Valley College
• UEI College

Public K-12 schools

Most of Fresno is in the Fresno Unified School District though small portions are served by the Clovis Unified School District, Central Unified School District, Washington Union Unified School District, Orange Center Elementary School District, Sanger Unified School District and West Park Elementary School District.

Private K-12 schools

• Fresno Christian High School (Evangelical Christian)
• San Joaquin Memorial High School (Roman Catholic)
• Fresno Adventist Academy (Seventh Day Adventist)

Media

Newspapers

• The Business Journal
• The Fresno Bee
• The Community Alliance

Radio

• KMJ, AM 580, 50,000-watt and FM 105.9, is Fresno's first radio station; it began broadcasting in 1922. Its powerful 50,000-watt signal can clearly be heard throughout much of California.
• KYNO AM 940, 50,000-watt oldies station
• KFIG AM 1430, 5,000-watt ESPN affiliate
• 88.1 KFCF is Fresno's Pacifica station, and one of Fresno's few non-commercial, non-corporate radio stations.
• 89.3
  KVPR
  , provides National Public Radio Programming & classical music throughout the Central California region.
• 90.7 KFSR is another non-commercial, non-corporate station that plays a full spectrum format, including Jazz, eclectic, Armenian, and others. Based on the CSUF campus.
• 94.9 KBOS-FM More commonly known as B95 – Fresno's Hip-Hop Station

Television

To avoid interference with existing

television stations).

The very first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting was KMJ-TV, which debuted on June 1, 1953. KMJ-TV is now known as

.

In partnership with the City of

public, education and government access

television station.

Infrastructure

Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have strained both Fresno's and the entire Central Valley's water security.^[86][87] The city uses surface water from Millerton Lake and Pine Flat Reservoir to supply a pair of water treatment plants.^[88]

Transportation

Highways

Fresno is served by

.

Fresno is the largest U.S. city not directly linked to an

. Major improvements to signage, lane width, median separation, vertical clearance, and other concerns are currently underway.

Bus services

As the county seat and the largest city in the region, Fresno also sees service from neighboring regional bus services including

.

The Yosemite Area Regional Transportation System added summer seasonal service between Fresno and Yosemite National Park in May 2015.^[92][93]

The city once provided trolley service during the late 19th and early 20th century. Known as the Fresno City Railway Company and later the Fresno Traction Company, the service operated horse-drawn streetcars from 1887 to 1901. Electric streetcars were introduced in 1903. The electric streetcars were used until 1939.^[94] A proposal to include a modern light rail system in long-term transportation plans was rejected by the Fresno County Board of Supervisors in January 1987.^[95]

Airports

Fresno Yosemite International Airport (airport code: FAT), formerly known as Fresno Air Terminal, provides regularly scheduled commercial airline service. The airport serves an estimated 1.3 million passengers annually.

, it is one of the oldest operational airports in California. The airport currently serves as a general aviation airport.

Sierra Sky Park Airport (airport code: E79) in Northwest Fresno is a privately owned airport, but is open to the public. Extra-wide streets surrounding the airport allow for residents of the community to land, taxi down the extra-wide streets, and park their aircraft in a garage at their home. Sierra Sky Park is recognized as the first residential aviation community in the world.^[96]

Rail

Passenger rail service is provided by

Freight rail service is provided by both the BNSF Railway and the Union Pacific Railroad, which both operate Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines that cross in Fresno, and both railroads maintain railyards within the city. The shortline San Joaquin Valley Railroad also operates former Southern Pacific branch lines heading west and south out of the city.

In popular culture

In the 1970s, the city was the subject of a song, "Walking Into Fresno", written by Hall Of Fame guitarist Bill Aken and recorded by

]

Fictional residents of the town were portrayed in a 1986 comedic

]

BBC documentarian, Louis Theroux, visited Fresno, and rode with Fresno police as they dealt with the high drug usage in the city. Additionally, he interviewed many of the individuals involved in the drug scene, some languishing in their habit, and others working to overcome it. From that footage, he produced a British documentary The City Addicted to Crystal Meth, first aired on 9 August 2009.^[98]

Fresno is mentioned in the 2009 animation film Monsters vs. Aliens.

The 2014 horror film Unfriended is set in Fresno along with the 2000 Motocross film Fresno smooth.

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Fresno's sister cities are:^[99][100]

• Guadalajara, Mexico^[101][100]
• Kōchi, Japan (1965)^[102][100]
• Münster, Germany (1984)^[103][100]
• Morogoro, Tanzania (1992)^[100]
• Verona, Italy (2000, friendship not sister)^{[104][100][105]}
• Vagharshapat (also known as Etchmiadzin), Armenia (2009)^{[106][100][107]}
• Châteauroux, France (2016)^[108][100]
• Taishan, China^[109][100]
• Afula-Gilboa, Israel^[100]
• Taraz (formerly known as Djambul; relationship currently inactive), Kazakhstan^[100][110]
• Torreon, Mexico^[100]

See also

• Environmental issues in Fresno, California
• Fresno County Public Library
• Fresno Police Department
• 2017 Fresno shootings
• 2019 Fresno shooting
• List of Mexican-American communities
• List of U.S. cities with large Hispanic populations
• USS Fresno, 3 ships

Explanatory notes

References

Bibliography

See also: Bibliography of the history of Fresno, California

External links

• Official website
• Fresno, California at
  Curlie