Frick Collection
Website | www |
---|
The Frick Collection is an art museum on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City, New York, U.S. Established in 1935 to preserve the art collection of the industrialist Henry Clay Frick, the museum consists of 14th- to 19th-century European paintings, as well as other pieces of European fine and decorative art. The museum is located at the Henry Clay Frick House, a Beaux-Arts mansion designed for Henry Clay Frick. The Frick also houses the Frick Art Reference Library, an art history research center established by Frick's daughter Helen Clay Frick in 1920, which contains sales catalogs, books, periodicals, and photographs.
The museum dates to 1920, when the trustees of Frick's estate formed the Frick Collection Inc. to care for his art collection, which he had bequeathed for public use. After Frick's wife Adelaide Frick died in 1931, John Russell Pope converted the Frick House into a museum, which opened on December 16, 1935. The museum acquired additional works of art over the years, and it expanded the house in 1977 to accommodate increasing visitation. Following fundraising campaigns in the 2000s, a further expansion was announced in the 2010s. From 2021 until March 2024, during the renovation of the Frick House, the Frick Madison operated at 945 Madison Avenue. The Frick House is scheduled to reopen in late 2024.
The Frick has about 1,500 pieces in its collection as of 2021. Artists with works in the collection include
History
When the Frick family moved from Pittsburgh to New York City in 1905, they leased the
Creation
Establishment of Frick Collection Inc.
Frick died in 1919 at the age of 69, bequeathing the house as a public museum for his art collection.
The New York and Pennsylvania state governments fought over which government should collect taxes from Frick's estate.
Opening of museum
After Adelaide Frick's death in October 1931, the trustees were finally allowed to open the house to the public;[40] they announced in January 1933 that the collection would likely open to the public within a year.[41][42] John Russell Pope was hired to alter and enlarge the house.[43] Frederick Mortimer Clapp, who had joined the Frick Collection as an advisor in 1931,[44] was hired as the museum's first director.[42][45] Work on the mansion began in December 1933.[46] A new library wing was constructed on 71st Street to replace the original library.[47] Other modifications included a new storage vault and renovations of the Frick family's living space.[48] The museum's opening, originally scheduled for 1934, was postponed because of the complexity of the construction project.[49] The Frick estate also sued the city government in 1935 to obtain a property-tax exemption for the museum,[50][51] and the taxes were waived the next year, as the Frick Collection was a public museum.[52]
When the rebuilt library opened in January 1935,
1930s to 1960s
Within a year of the museum's opening, demand had declined enough that officials decided to scale down, and then eliminate, its timed-entry ticketing system.[61] The ropes throughout the house were taken down, and visitors were allowed to visit the Frick House's rooms in any order.[62][63] Museum officials also presented lectures five days a week during the late 1930s,[61][62] and they started hosting afternoon concert series in November 1938;[63][64] these concerts and lectures continued throughout Clapp's tenure at the museum.[44] Clapp also obtained fresh flowers each day and placed them in the first-floor galleries for esthetic purposes.[44] Three magnolia trees were planted on the grounds in 1939.[65] To expand their land holdings, museum officials bought a neighboring townhouse at 9 East 70th Street in 1940[66] and used that building as storage space.[67]
Museum officials constructed a vault in 1941 to protect the artwork from air raids.[68] During World War II, the museum continued to host visitors, but some rooms were closed,[69] and more than five dozen paintings and all of the sculptures were moved into storage.[70] Museum officials took these pieces out of storage in May 1945 and restored them; other artworks in the house were rearranged and cleaned as well.[71] The Frick acquired another townhouse at 7 East 70th Street in 1947[72] and replaced it with a service wing.[67] By the late 1940s, the museum had cumulatively spent about $2.9 million in acquisitions since Frick's death.[73] When John D. Rockefeller Jr. offered to donate several pieces of artwork in 1948, Helen Frick objected, arguing that the museum only accepted gifts from Frick family members.[74] In the lawsuit that followed, a New York Supreme Court judge ruled that the terms of Frick's will did not prevent the museum from accepting external gifts;[75] the court's Appellate Division upheld this ruling.[76] Rockefeller, who had been on the board of trustees, resigned amid the dispute.[11]
Clapp resigned in 1951 and was replaced by the museum's assistant director Franklin M. Biebel.[77] Biebel established a decorative-arts conservation program, and the number of annual visitors nearly doubled under his tenure.[78] The museum's collection remained largely unchanged over the next several years, as Helen Frick opposed any expansions, saying that her father would not have wanted items to be added.[79] Helen resigned from the museum's board of trustees in 1961, when the board finally voted to accept Rockefeller's gift.[80] Assistant director Harry D. M. Grier replaced Biebel, becoming the museum's third director in 1964.[81] By the mid-1960s, the Frick had 160 portraits, 80 sculptures, and various other items in its collection. The Frick was open six days a week (except in August, when it was closed) and was still free to enter.[82] The collection was small compared to that of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which at the time had 365,000 items.[82] Edgar Munhall was hired as the museum's first chief curator in 1965, a position he would hold for thirty-five years.[83] As part of a master plan in 1967,[84] the Frick's trustees drew up plans for an annex at 7 and 9 East 70th Street.[85]
1970s to 1990s
By the early 1970s, the museum recorded about 800 daily visitors[86] and employed 75 staff members.[86][87] The next year, the museum began asking visitors to pay an optional admission fee due to rising taxes and expenses.[88] After Grier was killed in a traffic accident in 1972,[89] Everett Fahy was appointed as the museum's fourth director in 1973.[90] The museum announced plans to construct an annex at 5–9 East 70th Street.[91] After the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) expressed concerns over the fact that the expansion would require the demolition of the Widener House at 5 East 70th Street,[92] the museum announced a plan for a "temporary garden" on the 70th Street lots, which the LPC approved.[93] The original annex was canceled that November,[91] and Frick officials subsequently decided to build a one-story wing on the Widener House's site.[94] The annex had been proposed because, at the time, the mansion could accommodate only 250 people at once.[95]
Under Fahy's tenure, the museum began hosting more temporary exhibits, which it had seldom held before Fahy took over.[96] The Frick began charging admission for the first time in 1976.[97] The annex was completed the next year, along with a garden,[95][97] designed by British landscape architect Russell Page.[98] The Frick renovated the Boucher Room and cleaned and rearranged its paintings during the following decade.[99] By the mid-1980s, the museum displayed 169 works of art,[100][101] and the galleries occupied 16 rooms.[100] The museum periodically hosted chamber music performances in the Frick House's courtyard.[102] It was relatively low-profile compared to others in New York City, only sporadically expanding its collection and hosting small temporary exhibitions.[103] After Helen Frick died in 1984, the museum took over responsibility for the Frick Art Reference Library;[103] initially, the library had no endowment as Helen had not provided anything for the library in her will.[104] Ceiling lights were installed in the Fragonard and Boucher rooms in the 1980s.[105]
Ryskamp announced his retirement in 1997.[115] After Samuel Sachs II was named as the museum's sixth director that May,[115][116] the trustees tasked him with raising funds.[117] Under Sachs's directorship, the museum launched a website in the 1990s,[118] and replaced the lighting and hosted additional special exhibitions.[119] Sachs also contemplated expanding the exhibition space, adding a café, and relocating the entrance to the house's garden.[118] In addition, the museum began providing complimentary audio guides for the mansion and artworks[28][120] and, in the early 21st century, added the Bloomberg Connects smartphone app.[121] Museum officials also began allowing parties to be hosted in the Frick House.[122] A group named Friends of the Fellows of the Frick Collection was formed to raise interest in the museum.[123]
2000s and 2010s
The art scholar Anne L. Poulet was hired in August 2003 as the Frick's first female director,[132] and the museum was reorganized as a tax-exempt public charity shortly after Poulet became the director.[129] Under Poulet's tenure, she replaced lighting in several galleries[129][133] and rearranged some of the pieces.[129] She also raised $55 million for renovations;[133] the museum's facilities had become dated, and the basement exhibition space was no longer sufficient.[129] Because of the Frick's classification as a charity, the museum had to raise a third of its budget from donations.[117] The Frick created programs to attract major donors and art collectors,[117][133] and it began charging admission fees for concerts in 2005.[134][135] During the 2000s decade, the Frick did not acquire many additional items.[133] In contrast to larger museums, it generally hosted small, detailed exhibits,[133] though the number of short-term exhibitions at the Frick increased during the decade.[136] Further restorations of the museum's galleries took place through the late 2000s to attract visitors.[137]
Poulet announced her retirement in September 2010,
In 2014, the museum announced plans for a six-story annex on 70th Street designed by Davis Brody Bond.[130][146] Russell Page's garden on 70th Street would have been demolished to make way for the annex; this prompted opposition from residents and preservationists,[147][148] and the Frick announced in June 2015 that it would draw up new designs.[149] To attract younger visitors, the museum began hosting free events in the mid-2010s,[150] such as First Fridays.[151] The Frick hired Annabelle Selldorf to design a revised expansion plan for the museum, which was announced in April 2018;[152][153] the LPC approved Selldorf's plans that June.[154] The Frick then sought to relocate to the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum temporarily, but the Guggenheim was available for only four months.[155] By September 2018, the Frick was negotiating to take over the Whitney Museum's space at 945 Madison Avenue;[156] the Frick finalized a two-year lease for that building in 2020.[157]
2020s to present
The museum had raised $242 million for its capital campaign by the end of 2023.[144][145] Wardropper announced in January 2024 that he would resign the following year, after the Frick House's renovation was complete.[145][168] That month, the museum received permission for 14 liquor licenses at the Frick House, which would allow the museum to serve alcohol at special events.[169] The Frick Madison closed on March 3, 2024,[170][171] and the Henry Clay Frick House is scheduled to reopen in late 2024.[170][172]
Collection
The Frick has a collection of
Helen Clay Frick and the board of trustees expanded the collection after his death; in 2006, the New York Times estimated that about 30 percent of the collection had been acquired after Frick died.[117] Nonetheless, until 1948, the museum accepted donations of art only from Frick family members.[73] The museum can lend works acquired after Frick's death, but not works that he owned in his lifetime;[118][176][177] this restriction has prevented works from appearing in other museums' exhibitions.[178] The Frick is also prohibited from selling items in its collection and seldom acquires new works. Some of the works are normally not visible to the public but can be displayed as necessary.[179] The Frick has sometimes borrowed paintings for long periods, including a portrait of Cosimo de' Medici that was displayed in the museum from 1970 to 1989.[180] Purchases of new art were funded by the museum's endowment until 2016, when the museum's trustees established an acquisitions fund.[181]
As of 2021[update], the museum has 1,500 pieces in its collection, including both paintings and other objects;[162] it normally displays 470 objects.[163] Prior to the museum's 2021 renovation, the artwork was displayed in 15 galleries.[182]
Visual arts collection
Frick's collection initially consisted of salon pieces and works by Barbizon School artists,[23][6] and he bought 90 paintings from Charles Carstairs between 1895 and 1900 alone.[8] He had begun to acquire other types of paintings by the end of the 19th century,[23][6] and his acquisitions during the 1900s were increasingly composed of Old Master artworks.[22][183] By the early 1910s, his collection consisted largely of English and Dutch paintings, with scattered French and Spanish paintings; a magazine article from that time described him as having relatively little interest in Italian Renaissance work.[184] The paintings ranged from the 14th to 19th centuries,[185] and many of the paintings depicted women.[56] There were some chronological gaps in the original collection: for example, there were no 17th-century French paintings when the museum opened, even as the museum had both older and newer French paintings.[186]
When Frick died, he was variously cited as having collected 103,[173] 137,[187] "about 140",[23] or 250 paintings.[17] Some of the original paintings in Frick's personal collection were discovered to be forgeries after his death,[188] while other paintings were found to be misattributed.[189] Artists with works in the museum's collection have included:
- Giovanni Bellini[190][191]
- François Boucher[192]
- Agnolo Bronzino[193][194]
- Cimabue[195]
- John Constable[193][196]
- Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot[193][197]
- Aelbert Cuyp[193][198]
- Jacques-Louis David[199]
- Gerard David[193][200]
- Jean-Honoré Fragonard[201][202]
- El Greco[193]
- Gentile da Fabriano[203]
- Thomas Gainsborough[204][205]
- Francisco Goya[193]
- Frans Hals[193][206]
- Meindert Hobbema[193][207]
- William Hogarth[193][208]
- Hans Holbein the Younger[193][209]
- John Hoppner[204][210]
- Thomas Lawrence[193][212]
- Jean-François Millet[193][213]
- Bartolomé Esteban Murillo[193][214]
- Jean-Marc Nattier[193][215]
- Henry Raeburn[193][216]
- Rembrandt[217][218]
- Pierre-Auguste Renoir[193][219]
- Joshua Reynolds[204][220]
- George Romney[204][221]
- Titian[193][222]
- J. M. W. Turner[193][223]
- Johannes Vermeer[193][224]
- Paolo Veronese[204][225]
- Diego Velázquez[193][226]
- Anthony Van Dyck[193]
- Jan van Eyck[227]
- Jacob van Ruisdael[193][228]
- James McNeill Whistler[193][229]
Several artists, including Holbein, Vermeer, Rembrandt, Turner, Gainsborough, Van Dyck, Fragonard, and Boucher, painted multiple pieces that are in the collection.[185] Included in the modern collection are Fragonard's The Progress of Love,[201] three Vermeer paintings including Mistress and Maid, two van Ruisdael paintings including Quay at Amsterdam,[230] El Greco's Christ Driving the Money Changers from the Temple,[231] Titian's Portrait of a Man in a Red Cap,[232][231] one of Rembrandt's self-portraits,[101][233] and della Francesca's St. John the Evangelist.[12][234]
Notable works in the original collection
Some of the earliest works in Frick's collection were portraits of his family, created for his Pittsburgh residence. At the beginning of the 20th century, Frick bought works such as Rembrandt's Portrait of a Young Artist[183][235] (possibly the first Old Master painting in the collection[236]), Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot's Ville d'Avray,[235] Constant Troyon's A Pasture in Normandy,[235] and Vermeer's Girl Interrupted at Her Music.[183] From 1905 to 1915, Frick also acquired paintings such as Hals's Portrait of a Woman,[237] Velázquez's Portrait of Philip IV in Fraga,[173][238] Rembrandt's A Dutch Merchant,[239] and Rembrandt's The Polish Rider.[240]
After Frick had finished his own mansion, he brought over several paintings of his firstborn daughter Martha, who had died in her childhood.[18] He also obtained 14 Fragonard panels from the collection of J. P. Morgan[241][242] and moved the panels to his house's drawing room.[243][244] At the time of the house's completion, he owned paintings by such artists as El Greco, Goya, Hals, Rembrandt, Romney, Titian, Anthony van Dyck, and Velázquez.[244][245] In the late 1910s, Frick acquired additional pieces from outside the Morgan collection, such as Hans Holbein's portrait of Thomas Cromwell,[246] Rubens's Portrait of the Marquis Ambrose de Spinola,[247] Rembrandt's An Old Woman Reflecting Over the Lecture,[248] and Gainsborough's Mall between 1915 and 1916 alone.[249] He also bought four Boucher panels,[250] although he turned down the opportunity to buy additional panels.[251] From 1917 through 1919, Frick obtained several pieces of Boucher tapestry furniture,[252] Van Dyck's Countess of Clanbrazil,[253] Hals's Portrait of a Man,[254] Vermeer's Mistress and Maid,[254][255] and a Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington.[173][256]
Notable acquisitions after Frick's death
In the half-century after Frick died, thirty objects were added to the original collection.[86] After Frick's death but before the opening of the current museum, the Frick estate's trustees bought the Portrait of Comtesse d'Haussonville by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres,[257] as well as a painting by Duccio and the Coronation of the Virgin by Paolo Veneziano.[20] The Giuseppe Bastiani painting Adoration of Magi was acquired in 1935.[7] Works by Cimabue, Duccio, della Francesca, and Filippo Lippi entered the museum's collection for the first time between 1924 and 1950.[258] Shortly after the museum opened, it acquired items such as a Renaissance-era panel by della Francesca,[259] a portrait that Boucher painted of his wife,[260] Jacques-Louis David's painting of a French noblewoman,[62][261] Monet's Vétheuil in Winter,[258] and a Paul Cézanne landscape.[262] This was followed in the 1950s by three Italian Renaissance paintings,[263] David's portrait of Antonio Bartolomeo Bruni,[264] and Jan van Eyck's Virgin and Child, with Saints and Donor.[265] The collection had only one 17th-century French work until the 1960s, when the museum obtained Claude Lorrain's painting of the Sermon on the Mount;[266] the museum also obtained della Francesca's Crucifixion during that decade.[80]
The Frick did not acquire anything between c. 1968 and 1991, when the museum obtained its first
Other objects
The modern-day museum's collection includes numerous works of sculpture and porcelain,[28][2] in addition to 18th-century French furniture, Limoges enamel, and Oriental rugs.[82][102][28] The objects in the collection include 18th-century tapestries that belonged to Louis XV and Louis XVI of France.[274]
Frick had acquired some objects from the J. P. Morgan estate specifically to complement the visual art in his collection.[56] Some of these acquisitions included 18th-century French sculptures and furniture,[24] a hawthorn beaker,[275] and Chinese porcelains.[276] In one case, Frick paid $1.5 million for some of Morgan's 44 enamels and 225 bronzes.[277] He also acquired 40 Limoges enamels from Morgan's collection in 1919,[278] one of the last things he would personally purchase.[254] Outside of the Morgan collection, Frick also bought the bronzes Bust of a Jurist by Danese Cattaneo, Antonio Galli by Federico Brandani, and Duke of Alba by Jacques Jonghelinck. Although Frick had planned a sculpture gallery to his home in the late 1910s, the lack of other statuary caused him to cancel the plan.[279] Duveen displayed numerous marble busts in the Frick House while Frick decided whether to buy them.[254]
A bust of Henry Clay Frick by Malvina Hoffman was gifted to the museum when it opened in 1935.[280] Other acquisitions of sculpture in the mid-20th century included a Diana bust by Jean-Antoine Houdon,[281] a 15th-century bronze figure of an angel,[70] and a pair of 15th-century Italian marble busts.[80] In the 1990s and 2000s, the Frick received Winthrop Edey's collection of timekeeping pieces,[282] a 19th-century terracotta bust by Joseph Chinard,[283] a marble bust by Houdon;[282] a bust by Massimiliano Soldani Benzi,[284] and a clock.[282][133] Acquisitions since the 2010s have included 131 Meissen porcelains,[285] as well as 28 objects from collector Alexis Gregory (including rare clocks and enamels).[286]
Selected works
-
Portrait of Thomas More, 1527[209]
-
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Three Soldiers, 1568[287]
-
Saint Jerome, c. 1590–1600[288]
-
Johannes Vermeer, Girl Interrupted at Her Music, 1658–1661[292]
-
François Boucher, The Four Seasons (Spring), 1755[294]
-
François Boucher, The Four Seasons (Summer), 1755[294]
-
François Boucher, The Four Seasons (Autumn), 1755[295]
-
François Boucher, The Four Seasons (Winter), 1755[295]
-
Dieppe, 1826[297]
-
J. M. W. Turner, Cologne, the Arrival of a Packet Boat in the Evening, 1826[298]
-
J. M. W. Turner, Mortlake Terrace Early Summer Morning, 1826[299]
-
Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Secret Meeting, 1771[300]
-
Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Progress of Love – Love Letters, 1771–1772[301]
-
Francisco Goya, The Forge, 1817[302]
-
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, Louise de Broglie, Countess d'Haussonville, 1845[257]
-
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Mother and Children (La Promenade), 1875–76[219]
-
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Perseus and Andromeda, 1730–31[304]
-
Hendrick van der Burgh, Drinkers before the Fireplace, 1660[305]
Programming and events
Temporary exhibits
The Frick Collection has historically hosted temporary exhibitions less frequently than similar museums.[96][133] It initially focused almost exclusively on its permanent collection,[308] with one temporary exhibit a year during the 1960s.[131] Since 1972, the Frick has sometimes hosted small exhibitions on narrowly defined topics;[308] in some cases, exhibitions have consisted of a single painting.[119] By the 2010s, the museum hosted five exhibits a year on average,[131] and exhibitions were scheduled several years in advance.[309]
Late 20th century
Temporary exhibitions in the 1970s included an exhibit in honor of the museum's late director Harry D. M. Grier,
Especially in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the museum has hosted temporary exhibitions about singular artworks or artists.
21st century
In the early 2000s, the topics of the Frick's exhibitions included drawings in the collection of the
After some works from the
Other programs
The museum hosts special events,[351] such as academic symposiums, concerts, and classes.[182] The educational programs are led by Rika Burnham, who became head of the museum's education department in 2008.[352] The Frick's educational programs include online visits for students at secondary schools and postsecondary institutions,[353] as well as courses where a single piece is discussed at length.[354] The Frick also has partnerships with local educational partnerships such as the Ghetto Film School.[355] Docents began hosting lectures in galleries in 2010,[56] and the museum launched a mobile app in 2014, allowing visitors to bookmark artworks in the museum's collection.[356]
Every year since 2000, the Frick hosts the Young Fellows Ball, a springtime gala for philanthropists who are largely under age 40.[357] The museum also started hosting an annual Garden Party in 2008;[358][359] the event, which began as a members-only gathering, evolved into an annual fundraiser.[359] In 2016, the Frick introduced First Fridays, in which patrons could visit the museum for free on the first Friday of every month.[151][360] First Fridays include gallery talks and activities for visitors.[151]
The Concerts from the Frick Collection series was launched in 1938
Publications
The collection is detailed in books such as Masterpieces of the Frick Collection, first published in 1970,[87][365] and Art in the Frick Collection, first published in 1996.[366] The history of the collection was also detailed in Henry Clay Frick: An Intimate Portrait, a biography of Frick written by his great-granddaughter Martha Frick Symington Sanger in 1998.[7][12][120] Sanger's subsequent book The Henry Clay Frick House: Architecture-Interiors—Landscapes in the Golden Era, published in 2001, described the Frick House and its collection in detail.[367] In 2011, the Frick and the BNP Paribas Foundation published a guidebook on the collection, its history, and the Frick House.[368] The Frick launched its Diptych series in 2017; the series consists of short books with essays that relate to paintings from the museum's collection.[369]
Building
The museum is ordinarily located at the Henry Clay Frick House at 1 East 70th Street,
The interiors were designed by a variety of people. The British decorator Charles Allom furnished most of the rooms on the ground floor,[376][377] while the majority of the rooms on the second and third floors were decorated by Elsie de Wolfe.[378][379] Charles Carstairs and Joseph Duveen provided the original decorations for the rooms.[380][381] Inside the house are the museum's galleries (adapted from the old living spaces of the mansion), as well as a courtyard with reflecting pool,[382][374] the latter of which is based on a Roman atrium.[383] Some parts of the house have been modified over the years specifically to accommodate the artwork, including a room for the Fragonard panels.[384] In addition to the artwork and artifacts on display, there are bookcases placed throughout the Frick House's rooms,[382] and some rooms have various other pieces of furniture such as a dining table.[185]
Frick Art Reference Library
The Frick Collection oversees the Frick Art Reference Library,[385] which was established in 1920 and opened to researchers in June 1924.[38] The library is housed at a 13-story building at 10 East 71st Street (next to the original mansion).[38][146][386] Prior to the library building's opening, the basement bowling alley was used as storage space for the library's collection.[17][387][386] The library has always been open to the public, except during World War II, when it was closed for six months,[386] and during the COVID-19 pandemic and 2020 renovation, when it was shuttered while being moved to the Frick Madison.[159] The library is typically open free of charge to "any adult with a serious interest in art".[387] In the late 20th century, the library served 6,000 people a year on average, most of whom made advance reservations or requests.[108]
Helen Frick acted as director for six decades, during which time its collection expanded to include 50,000 sales catalogs, 400,000 photographs, and 150,000 books.[388] By the 1990s, the library had an estimated 235,000 volumes,[108] which grew to 280,000 by the late 2000s.[17] The collections of the library focus on art of the Western tradition from the fourth century to the mid-twentieth century, and chiefly include information about paintings, drawings, sculpture, prints, and illuminated manuscripts. Archival materials supplement its research collections.[389] The Frick Art Reference Library Photoarchive contains over a million photocopies of artwork, including objects that are not in the museum's collection.[386][390]
The Frick has been part of the New York Art Resources Consortium (NYARC), which also includes the Museum of Modern Art and Brooklyn Museum, since 2007.[391] NYARC operates Arcade, an online catalog that combines the collections of the three museums' libraries.[391][392] The Center for the History of Collecting, also founded in 2007,[393] is also part of the library.[394] The Frick is a member of the International Consortium of Photo Archives (PHAROS), which operates a database of digitized artworks from the collections of 14 art museums.[390]
Management
The Frick Collection is operated by a nonprofit organization of the same name, which is dedicated to conserving the artworks in the museum's collection.[395] As of 2024[update], Ian Wardropper is the Frick's director, while Xavier F. Salomon is the chief curator.[396] The director's position has been known as the Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Director since 2020,[397] while the chief curator's position is known as the Peter Jay Sharp Chief Curator.[398]
The museum's
Admission and attendance
After the museum opened in 1935, it accommodated 5,000 visitors in its first week[57] and 100,000 visitors in six months; at its peak, the museum saw 1,600 visitors in one day.[399] At the end of 1936, the museum had seen 136,000 visitors, an average of 460 per day.[61] In the 1970s, the museum recorded between 800[86] and 1,500 daily visitors.[95] The number of annual visitors averaged 250,000 by the late 1990s,[116] and annual attendance had increased to 350,000 by the early 2000s.[128] The Frick Collection had a typical annual attendance of up to 300,000 in the 2010s,[145][400] although it recorded 420,000 visitors in 2013 due to a particularly popular exhibit there.[401] Shows in the 2010s attracted upwards of 4,000 daily visitors.[84]
The Frick was originally free to enter but has charged an admission fee since 1976.[97] The museum offers pay-as-you-wish hours one day of the week, in addition to free admission on First Fridays.[402] Free admission is also provided to members of the Frick; students and staff of certain universities in New York City; certain demographic groups such as youth, senior citizens, and people with disabilities; and other groups such as military personnel.[403] Frick Collection members receive several membership benefits,[404] including a queue jump for exhibits.[405] As part of the Culture Pass program, persons with cards from New York City's public libraries[b] could also visit the museum for free with a Culture Pass,[406] albeit with restrictions on the number of passes distributed.[407]
Children under the age of 10 are not allowed inside the museum;[114][182] this restriction, intended to protect the paintings, has existed ever since the museum opened in 1935.[110][111] As part of the same restriction, youths between 10 and 15 years old are allowed to enter only if there is an adult with them.[58] The museum provides guided tours to small groups and school classes.[182] Starting in the late 1990s, the museum provided complimentary audio guides to visitors;[28][120] it later added the Bloomberg Connects smartphone app.[121][408] The guides are offered in several languages[409] and consist of handsets that provide information about the artworks and the subjects of each painting.[410] The Frick also launched its website in the late 1990s;[118] the website has been updated several times since then.[411]
Funding
Frick's will established a $15 million endowment fund for what would become the Frick Collection museum.[27] At the Frick Collection Inc.'s 50th anniversary in 1970, the museum's endowment had grown to $40 million, and it received more than $1 million a year in income.[88] By 1997, the Frick Collection had an operating budget of $10 million and an endowment of $170 million;[115][116] this increased in the mid-2000s to a budget of $18.8 million and an endowment of $200 million.[134] As of 2015, the museum had an endowment of $315 million.[412]
Reception and commentary
20th-century commentary
In 1912, before the collection had become a museum, Town & Country magazine wrote that Frick owned "one of the greatest private collections of paintings in the world".[184] Art World magazine said in 1917 that the Frick House contained "one of the most remarkable assemblies of old paintings in the United States belonging to a private collector", rivaling the collection of the former Lenox Library on the same site.[413] When the Frick Collection opened to the public in 1935, a critic for The New York Times wrote that the museum's "informality in the distribution of works of art has even its amusing overtones",[414] while another commentator in The Christian Science Monitor regarded the collection as having "long been recognized as one of the world's treasuries of art".[59] One of the few detractors was Lewis Mumford, who felt that the other objects in the house diverted visitors' attention from the visual art.[56]
A Los Angeles Times critic wrote in 1941 that few other art collections in the U.S. "so completely [exemplified] a great period in American art collecting".[415] The New York Times wrote in 1969 that the Frick was one of the world's best "residence-museums" along with the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum and the Wallace Collection.[44] A critic for the Christian Science Monitor said in 1971 that the collection's paintings seemed to fit the building because Frick had "to be sure he felt at home with them".[6] Another critic, writing for The Post-Standard of Syracuse, New York, in 1975, praised the museum's "tranquility and superb decorative arts coupled with masterworks".[416]
John Russell of the Times said in 1981 that "The Frick is loved for its unpushy ways, for the largesse of its hospitality and for the high quality of what it has to show."[99] In a review for the Christian Science Monitor the same year, Madeline Lee wrote that the museum was special because of its courtyard and reflecting pool;[417] another reviewer for the same newspaper said "The Frick is the only museum I know whose collection consists almost exclusively of great or nearly great art."[231] GQ magazine said that "the most renowned—and probably best—combined house and art collection of a so-called 'robber baron' is that of Henry Clay Frick".[418] Bryan Miller of the Times wrote in 1987 that there were "artistic gems in every room",[419] and Grace Glueck of the same paper called it "the enclave of masterpieces".[185] A Los Angeles Times critic in 1990 said the Frick Collection "represents the aristocratic aspirations of turn-of-the-century robber barons".[420] Another New York Times critic called the museum "as frumpy and elegant as a dowager queen", describing the quality of its collection and the Frick House.[421] A Globe and Mail reviewer said the museum was extremely peaceful and was "a more comfortable museum than most" because it used to serve as a residence.[422]
21st-century commentary
A 2000 poll by
When the museum was temporarily relocated to 945 Madison Avenue, one critic wrote that the temporary building was "an exercise in contrasts" with the Frick House's decorations and that "the vibe here is serious and meditative".[164] Another critic wrote for Vogue that the Frick Madison was a "shock to the senses in every way" but that "the collection comes directly to the fore" amid that building's bare walls.[426] Writers for the Financial Times and the Wall Street Journal similarly said that the spartan setting helped highlight the collection itself.[166][427]
See also
- Cooper–Hewitt, National Design Museum, a similar museum further north on Fifth Avenue
- List of museums in New York City
- List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City
References
Notes
- ^ A New York Times article from 2014 described the collection as having 1,200 works,[130] while a Wall Street Journal article from the same year gives a figure of 1,115 works.[131]
- Queens Library, and New York Public Library[406]
Citations
- ^ ProQuest 1242909040.
- ^ a b "The Frick Collection: About". ARTINFO. 2008. Archived from the original on October 5, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
- ^ from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ Bailey 2006, p. 10.
- ^ a b Bailey 2006, pp. 10–11.
- ^ ProQuest 511241270.
- ^ from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ a b Bailey 2006, p. 13.
- ProQuest 513076875.
- from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ ProQuest 248753901.
- from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- ^ "Gets Vanderbilt Twin House?". The Sun. March 22, 1905. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Gutkowski, Melanie Linn (Spring 2012). "Aspiration and Obsession; Henry Clay Frick and the W.H. Vanderbilt House and Collection". 19th Century. 32 (1): 29–30 – via Internet Archive.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 382473031.
- ^ a b c Skrabec 2014, p. 210.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 1114140415.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 503844676.
- ^ a b Bailey 2006, p. 76.
- ^ "Henry Clay Frick, Pioneer Iron Master and Famous Art Collector, Passes Away". Buffalo Courier. December 3, 1919. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ ProQuest 1796842053.
- ^ from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ ProQuest 313742866.
- ^ ProQuest 174841032.
- ^ ProQuest 1114223395.
- ProQuest 116840755.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024; "Bill Incorporates Frick Collection". New York Herald. April 8, 1920. p. 3. Archivedfrom the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ "Frick Art Collection Is Incorporated". Press and Sun-Bulletin. April 15, 1920. p. 3. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ Grant, Jane (August 14, 1921). "Society Oracle". The Buffalo Times. p. 39. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ProQuest 578830122; "Frick Library Gives Key to World's Art". New York Herald. February 23, 1922. p. 11. Archivedfrom the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ProQuest 512180943.
- ProQuest 150128901.
- ProQuest 1221650499.
- ^ from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1.
- ^ from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- ^ Bailey 2006, p. 99.
- ProQuest 1114674666.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 150577112.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ProQuest 1221591498.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ProQuest 1237440297.
- ProQuest 1223551353.
- ProQuest 1797093787.
- ProQuest 1221727004.
- ^ ProQuest 506235636.
- ^ ProQuest 1266817851.
- ^ ProQuest 513922219.
- ^ ProQuest 513933607.
- ^ "New York Full of Treasures". The Herald Statesman. June 2, 1964. p. 9. Archived from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 1240614945.
- ^ a b c Bailey 2006, p. 109.
- ProQuest 1313535243.
- ^ "Magnolias". The Frick Collection. August 5, 2020. Archived from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ^ from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ^ from the original on August 6, 2023. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ProQuest 1267958057.
- ProQuest 1291278526.
- ^ ProQuest 1327360882.
- ProQuest 1327379027.
- ProQuest 1326817880.
- ProQuest 1326781127.
- ProQuest 1322417302.
- from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- ProQuest 141304086.
- ^ ProQuest 1326058910.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 510495844.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024; Roberts, Sam (October 22, 2016). "Edgar Munhall, 83, first curator of the Frick Collection". BostonGlobe.com. Archivedfrom the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 1636584902. Archivedfrom the original on February 15, 2024. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ^ a b c Nadel, Norman (June 20, 1970). "Frick Art 'Lives' in House". The Pittsburgh Press. p. 8. Archived from the original on February 23, 2024. Retrieved February 23, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ^ from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- ^ from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 139447378. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 1222376533.
- ^ ProQuest 431185641.
- ^ from the original on February 15, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 824553202.
- from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- ^ from the original on December 15, 2020. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- from the original on February 23, 2024. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
- ^ from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- ^ from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- from the original on July 26, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Policy on the Admission of Children" (PDF). The Frick Collection. July 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 426838303.
- ^ from the original on October 29, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- ^ from the original on January 24, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 279143382.
- ^ ProQuest 313742866.
- ^ a b Eisenpress, Cara (December 20, 2022). "How arts organizations got the app they needed-for free". Crain's New York Business. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
- from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ProQuest 329660518.
- ProQuest 391386264.
- ProQuest 392042089.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- ^ from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- ^ from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ from the original on February 15, 2024. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ from the original on April 19, 2023. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ a b Mattison, Ben (June 30, 2005). "New York's Frick Collection to Charge for Concerts". Playbill. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- from the original on February 13, 2024. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ^ from the original on November 7, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- from the original on October 29, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ Russeth, Andrew (December 14, 2011). "Frick Collection Grows a Gallery". Observer. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024. Retrieved February 9, 2024; Owens, Mitchell (January 1, 2012). "New Sculpture Gallery at the Frick Collection". Architectural Digest. Archivedfrom the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- ^ Duray, Dan (November 4, 2013). "Xavier F. Salomon, 34, Named New Frick Collection Chief Curator". Observer. Archived from the original on February 15, 2024. Retrieved February 9, 2024; Vogel, Carol (November 4, 2013). "New Chief Curator for the Frick". ArtsBeat. Archived from the original on November 4, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ^ a b Tremayne-Pengelly, Alexandra (November 6, 2023). "The Frick Collection Is Nearing Its $290M Fundraising Goal for Renovations". Observer. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ a b c d Pitz, Marylynne (November 23, 2014). "New York's Frick Collection to expand". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ Goodman, Wendy (March 12, 2015). "One Very Contentious Garden". NYMag.com. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- from the original on February 13, 2024. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- from the original on January 3, 2024. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ Davidson, Justin (April 13, 2018). "This Time, a Much More Promising Attempt to Fix the Frick". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ from the original on July 20, 2023. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
- from the original on January 1, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- from the original on February 11, 2024. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ a b c Kenney, Nancy (July 20, 2020). "New York's Frick Collection will open at Madison Avenue location in early 2021". The Art Newspaper – International art news and events. Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- ^ "The Frick Collection's New Home". The New Yorker. March 12, 2021. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- ^ a b c d Raskin, Laura (March 4, 2021). "Frick Madison Brings a New Look to the Breuer". Architectural Record. Archived from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
- ^ a b Tarmy, James (March 4, 2021). "Touring the Frick Madison, New York's Newest Cultural Landmark". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on September 26, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- ^ a b Whittle, Andrea (February 11, 2021). "Frick Madison — Museum Review". Condé Nast Traveler. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ^ "Frick Collection Reviews". U.S. News Travel. January 1, 1970. Archived from the original on February 9, 2024. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ^ from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ^ Senzamici, Peter (January 27, 2023). "Cold-Brew Sisters Open Up Cafe Inside UES Museum". Upper East Side, NY Patch. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ Rahmanan, Anna (January 30, 2024). "No, the Frick is not opening 14 new bars this spring". Time Out New York. Archived from the original on January 31, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ a b Sutton, Benjamin (April 21, 2023). "Frick Collection will vacate Brutalist Madison Avenue building in early 2024". The Art Newspaper – International art news and events. Archived from the original on November 3, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ Senzamici, Peter (April 29, 2023). "Frick Announces Move From Madison Back To Reno'd Mansion". Upper East Side, NY Patch. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ Clark, Roger (February 26, 2024). "The Frick Collection will soon be going home". Spectrum News NY1. Archived from the original on March 3, 2024. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 124776538.
- ^ from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Bailey 2006, pp. 81–82.
- ProQuest 422180386.
- ^ ProQuest 193313858.
- ProQuest 283399348.
- from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Frick Collection Announces Launch of Acquisitions Fund" (PDF). The Frick Collection (Press release). October 4, 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 11, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e James Watkinson, Katie (February 10, 2021). "The Frick Collection – Museum Review". Condé Nast Traveler. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ a b c Bailey 2006, p. 15.
- ^ ProQuest 2092495935.
- ^ from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ "Acquiring the Collection". The Frick Collection. August 5, 2020. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ProQuest 839371353.
- from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ a b The Frick Collection 2016, p. 7.
- from the original on January 31, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 10–13, 18.
- ^ from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ a b The Frick Collection 2016, p. 19.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 26.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 28, 30.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 31–35.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 37–39.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 43.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 42.
- ^ a b Schjeldahl, Peter (October 21, 2016). "The Rococo Genius of Jean-Honoré Fragonard". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 51–58.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 68–69.
- ^ from the original on January 31, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 61–67.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 80–83.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 84–85.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 86.
- ^ a b c The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 87–88.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 89–90.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 91.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 94–95.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 103.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 105.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 106–107.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 115–116.
- ProQuest 150854503.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 117–120.
- ^ a b The Frick Collection 2016, p. 121.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 122–123.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 125–129.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 140–141.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 143–147.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 158–160.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 161–162.
- ^ a b The Frick Collection 2016, p. 156.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 49.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 132–133.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, pp. 164–169.
- ^ "Jacob van Ruisdael". Frick Collection. Archived from the original on October 7, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
- ^ ProQuest 1037940320.
- ^ a b The Frick Collection 2016, p. 140.
- from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
- from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ a b c Feigenbaum 2024, p. 335.
- ^ Saltzman 2008, p. 162.
- ProQuest 555708130.
- from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ProQuest 508945715.
- ^ Bailey 2006, p. 70.
- ProQuest 575357790.
- ProQuest 575394249.
- ^ ProQuest 502938057.
- from the original on February 19, 2024. Retrieved February 19, 2024.
- ProQuest 575425037.
- from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ProQuest 575628117.
- from the original on February 18, 2024. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- from the original on February 18, 2024. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
- ^ Bailey 2006, p. 83.
- ProQuest 145565141.
- from the original on February 19, 2024. Retrieved February 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d Bailey 2006, p. 91.
- ProQuest 510274820.
- from the original on February 19, 2024. Retrieved February 19, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 1131393399; The Frick Collection 2016, p. 91.
- ^ a b Bailey 2006, p. 111.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ProQuest 1242991501.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ProQuest 1313729031.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
- from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- from the original on February 18, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ^ "$1,500,000 Reported Paid by Frick for Morgan Art Works". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 10, 1919. p. 7. Archived from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ProQuest 174548426.
- ^ Bailey 2006, pp. 87–88.
- ^ Sanger 2001, p. 187.
- ProQuest 1319974712.
- ^ from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- from the original on February 13, 2024. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ProQuest 2772012183. Archivedfrom the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 28, 2024.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 20.
- ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on February 15, 2024. Retrieved February 9, 2024; The Frick Collection 2016, p. 75.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 118.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 119.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 158.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 160.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 159.
- ^ a b The Frick Collection 2016, p. 15.
- ^ a b The Frick Collection 2016, p. 16.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 28.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 144.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 145.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 146.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 52.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 54.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 72.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 167.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 138.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 21.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 6.
- ^ The Frick Collection 2016, p. 94.
- ^ ProQuest 1289998750.
- from the original on July 29, 2023. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ProQuest 119411371.
- from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
- from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
- from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
- from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- ProQuest 362648866.
- ^ Kennedy, Randy (December 14, 2010). "1935 Pricing at the Frick for a Day: No Charge". ArtsBeat. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 9, 2024; Pollack, Maika (December 10, 2013). "'Vermeer, Rembrandt and Hals: Masterpieces of Dutch Painting From the Mauritshuis' at the Frick Collection". Observer. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ^ Brown, Mark (February 4, 2015). "Frick Collection masterpieces on show at the Mauritshuis in The Hague". the Guardian. Archived from the original on November 20, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2024; "Frick Collection: Mauritshuis exhibits 30 masterpieces from New York". The Hague Online. February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- from the original on April 3, 2023. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- from the original on January 5, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- from the original on December 23, 2023. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 1898256328.
- ^ "Appointment of Rika Burnham as Head of Education". The Frick Collection (Press release). August 5, 2020. Archived from the original on December 5, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ "Online Visits for Schools, Colleges, and Universities". The Frick Collection. August 5, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- ^ Marius, Marley (March 17, 2021). "Seeing a Collection Anew at the Frick Madison". Vogue. Archived from the original on May 11, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ Miller, M. H. (August 13, 2014). "Frick Collection 'Engages Youth' With a Mobile App". ARTnews.com. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
- ^ Akers, W.M. (May 19, 2010). "So, I Went to a Garden Party…". Observer. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 1024780055. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ^ "The Frick Launches Free Monthly Evening Series- First Fridays | The Frick Collection". www.frick.org. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
- ^ a b Beegle, Raymond (January 24, 2017). "2017 Concerts at The Frick Collection Are a Work of Art". Observer. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ "New York's Classical Music Radio Station". WQXR. September 11, 2017. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ ProQuest 1710649080.
- from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ProQuest 196786157.
- ProQuest 874992043.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ White, Willensky & Leadon 2010, p. 436
- ProQuest 1639449833.
- from the original on December 29, 2023. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
- ^ from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ a b Morrone 2009, pp. 299–300.
- ProQuest 1400538647.
- ^ Morrone, Francis (December 8, 2006). "The House That Frick Built". The New York Sun. New York. Archived from the original on February 9, 2018. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- ^ Bailey 2006, p. 47.
- ^ Bailey 2006, p. 63.
- ^ National Park Service 2008, pp. 18–19.
- ^ National Park Service 2008, p. 19.
- ^ Bailey 2006, pp. 70, 73.
- ^ ProQuest 1821138411.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ Ballard 2016, p. 37.
- ^ ProQuest 1490935602.
- ^ from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- from the original on October 29, 2023. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- ^ ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ProQuest 1019972435.
- ProQuest 126722473. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ^ "Frick Art Reference Library's Center for the History of Collecting Reaches a Milestone and Celebrates Tenth Anniversary". The Frick Collection (Press release). August 5, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ^ "The Frick Collection". GuideStar Profile. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ "Staff". The Frick Collection. August 5, 2020. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ^ "Frick Directorship Named in Honor of Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen". The Frick Collection (Press release). August 5, 2020. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ "Xavier F. Salomon Appointed Peter Jay Sharp Chief Curator of The Frick Collection". The Frick Collection (Press release). August 5, 2020. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ^ Halperin, Julia (January 13, 2014). "Fricks finch lays golden egg". The Art Newspaper. Archived from the original on February 13, 2014. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ "Discounted and Free Admission". The Frick Collection. August 5, 2020. Archived from the original on January 2, 2023. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ "Membership Levels and Benefits". The Frick Collection. August 5, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ^ ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
- ^ "Audio Tours". The Frick Collection. January 30, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
- ^ "Audio Tours". The Frick Collection. August 5, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- ProQuest 433844330.
- ^ "Frick Launches Redesigned, Expanded Website". New York Almanack. December 12, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- ^ Freeman, Nate (April 8, 2015). "The Battle for the Frick: Can Thousands of Garden-Loving Activists Stop a Museum?". Observer. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ProQuest 128317688.
- from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ProQuest 165121083.
- ^ Muck, Gordon (April 28, 1975). "Art Views & News". The Post-Standard. p. 18. Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
- ProQuest 512275345.
- ProQuest 2414358614.
- from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ProQuest 1139276138.
- ProQuest 361114000.
- ^ Schjeldahl, Peter (February 3, 2021). "When a Museum Feels Like Home". The New Yorker. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ProQuest 1501005698.
- ^ Marius, Marley (March 17, 2021). "Seeing a Collection Anew at the Frick Madison". Vogue. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ^ Budick, Ariella (March 15, 2021). "How the Frick Collection fares in its temporary home". Financial Times. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
Sources
- Bailey, Colin B. (2006). Building the Frick Collection: An Introduction to the House and Its Collections. Scala Arts Publishers Inc. ISBN 978-0-912114-30-9.
- Ballard, Terry (2016). 50 Specialty Libraries of New York City: From Botany to Magic. Elsevier Science. ISBN 978-0-08-100560-6. Archivedfrom the original on January 29, 2024.
- Feigenbaum, Gail; van Ginhoven, S.; Sterrett, E. (2024). Money in the Air: Art Dealers and the Making of a Transatlantic Market, 1880–1930. Issues & Debates. Getty Research Institute. ISBN 978-1-60606-891-5.
- The Frick Collection (2016). Handbook of Paintings. New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, Inc. ISBN 978-1-85759-328-0.
- Historic Structures Report: The Frick Collection and Frick Art Reference Library Building (PDF) (Report). National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. October 6, 2008.
- Morrone, Francis (2009). Architectural Guidebook to New York City. Gibbs Smith, Publisher. ISBN 978-1-4236-1116-5. Archivedfrom the original on February 3, 2024.
- Saltzman, C. (2008). Old Masters, New World: America's Raid on Europe's Great Pictures, 1880-World War I. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-01831-4.
- Sanger, M.F.S.; Garrett, W.D. (2001). The Henry Clay Frick Houses: Architecture, Interiors, Landscapes in the Golden Era. Monacelli Press. ISBN 978-1-58093-104-5. Archived from the originalon January 31, 2024.
- Skrabec, Q.R. (2014). Henry Clay Frick: The Life of the Perfect Capitalist. EBL-Schweitzer. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-7864-5608-6. Archivedfrom the original on February 3, 2024.
- ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
Further reading
- Bailey, Colin B. (2011). Fragonard's Progress of Love at the Frick Collection. Frick Collection. D Gilles. ISBN 978-1-904832-60-7.
- Focarino, Joseph (2003). The Frick Collection. 9: Drawings, prints, and later acquisitions. ISBN 978-0-691-03836-0.
- Koss, Elaine, ed. (2004). Handbook of Paintings. The Frick Collection. ISBN 978-1-85759-328-0.
- Ryskamp, Charles; Focarino, Joseph; DiLiberto, Richard; Frick Collection, eds. (1996). Art in the Frick Collection: paintings, sculpture, decorative arts. Abrams. ISBN 978-0-8109-1972-3.
- Ryskamp, Charles; Focarino, Joseph, eds. (1990). Paintings from the Frick Collection. Abrams. ISBN 978-0-8109-3710-9.
- Salomon, Xavier F. (October 11, 2022). Cocktails with a Curator. Rizzoli Publications. ISBN 978-0-8478-7246-6.
External links
- Official website
- Virtual tour of the Frick Collection provided by Google Arts & Culture
- The Frick Collection, Archives Directory for the History of Collecting in America