Fritz Losigkeit
Fritz Losigkeit | |
---|---|
JG 77 | |
Battles/wars | |
Awards | Spanish Cross in Silver with Swords Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |
Other work | Politician |
Fritz Losigkeit (17 November 1913 – 14 January 1994) was a German
In June 1943, he was given command of III. Gruppe, Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) which was fighting on the Eastern Front. In April 1944, Losigkeit was appointed Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 51. A year later, he was appointed the last Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) and received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.
Early life and career
Losigkeit was born on 17 November 1913 in
During the
World War II
World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. On 23 September 1939, Losigkeit was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 2. Staffel of JG 26, replacing Kienitz who was transferred.[8] He claimed his first victory on 28 May 1940 during the Battle of Dunkirk, as part of the Battle of France, over a Royal Air Force (RAF) Supermarine Spitfire between Dover and Ostend.[9] On 1 June, the fighting over the beachhead at Dunkirk continued. In combat with RAF fighters from No. 19 Squadron, No. 222 Squadron and No. 616 Squadron, Losigkeit shot down a Spitfire near Dunkirk, his last during the Battle of France.[10] The Armistice of 22 June 1940 ended the Battle of France and JG 26 began its relocation back to Germany for a period of rest and replenishment.[11] Two days later, Handrick was appointed Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 26 while command of I. Gruppe was handed to Hauptmann Kurt Fischer.[12] On 26 June, the Gruppe arrived at Bönninghardt.[13]
As the air war turned to England, I. Gruppe was moved to France again on 15 July and subordinated to
On 17 June 1941, Losigkeit was replaced by Oberleutnant Martin Rysavy as Staffelkapitän of 2. Staffel of JG 26. Losigkeit had been transferred to take a position with the staff of the military attaché in Japan.[18] Until January 1942 he advised on German air combat tactics with Imperial Japanese Army Air Service pilots flying the Nakajima Ki-44 against several examples of the Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter shipped to Japan for evaluation.[19][20] Wanting to rejoin the European war, he made the 23,300 nautical miles (26,800 miles) voyage back to Germany via the German blockade runner MSS Elsa Essberger. In January 1942, Elsa Essberger and the escorting German submarine U-373 came under attack by British aircraft flying from Gibraltar, forcing Elsa Essberger to make for repairs at Ferrol in Spain.[21]
Jagdgruppe Losigkeit
Following his return from Japan, Losigkeit joined the staff with the General der Jagdflieger (Inspector of Fighters), an office held by Oberst Adolf Galland. Fearing a British invasion of Norway, Adolf Hitler had ordered the Oberkommando der Marine (OKM—German Navy high command) to return the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen from Brest in Brittany to German bases.[22] The Kriegsmarine transferred the ships on 11–13 February 1942 in Operation Cerberus, also known as the Channel Dash. Further Kriegsmarine vessels were ordered to Norway to combat the convoys heading to the Soviet Union. To protect these naval units from aerial attacks, Galland instructed Losigkeit with the creation of a fighter unit on 14 February.[19] This unit, dubbed Jagdgruppe Losigkeit (Fighter Group Losigkeit), was made up of three Staffeln. 1. Staffel was created from 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1–1st Fighter Wing) and commanded by Hauptmann Rolf Strössner. 2. Staffel was based on 2. Staffel of JG 1 and led by Hauptmann Werner Dolenga. The Einsatzstaffel of Jagdfliegerschule 1 under Oberleutnant Friedrich Eberle formed 3. Staffel of Jagdgruppe Losigkeit. Losigkeit chose Leutnant Heinz Knoke from 2. Staffel of JG 1 as his adjutant.[23]
On 15 February, the unit began relocating north, at first to
With Jagdgeschwader 1
In March 1942, IV. Gruppe of JG 1 was re-named III. Gruppe of
On 1 April 1943, I. Gruppe of JG 1 became the II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 11 (JG 11—11th Fighter Wing). In consequence, IV. Gruppe of JG 1 became the new I. Gruppe of JG 1.[33] On 17 April, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) VIII Bomber Command attacked the Focke-Wulf factories at Bremen, causing significant damage. During the attack, Losigkeit shot down a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber.[34] On 2 May, 25 RAF Spitfires escorted 18 Lockheed Ventura bombers which were intercepted by fighters from I. and II. Gruppe of JG 1 east of Vlissingen. For the loss of two Fw 190s, pilots of JG 1 claimed nine aerial victories, including a Ventura claimed by Losigkeit.[35]
Eastern Front
On 20 May, Losigkeit was transferred upon his own request. He was given command of I. Gruppe of JG 26 on the Eastern Front. The former commander of I. Gruppe of JG 26, Major Johannes Seifert, had been taken off combat duty after his brother was killed in action. Losigkeit had made his request for transfer because of substantial differences with the Jafü (Jagdfliegerführer—the commander of the fighter forces) of the 3. Jagd-Division.[36][37] Apparently the commanding officer of the 3. Jagd-Division, Generalleutnant Werner Junck, had accused the fighter pilots of cowardice in combating the B-17 bombers.[38] On 4 June, he flew his first mission on the Eastern Front, flying a fighter sweep 60 kilometers (37 miles) into Soviet airspace from Shatalovka. On 6 June, I. Gruppe began its return to Germany while Losigkeit remained on the Eastern Front.[39] On 26 June, he took over command of III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) from Hauptmann Herbert Wehnelt who had briefly led the Gruppe after Hauptmann Karl-Heinz Schnell was transferred.[40]
III. Gruppe was also based Shatalovka, flying combat missions in the vicinity of Mtsensk and Oryol.[41] On 5 July, III. Gruppe began flying missions in support of Operation Citadel, as part of the Battle of Kursk. The Gruppe supported the 9th Army, attacking the salient from the north.[42] That day, Losigkeit claimed two Lavochkin La-5 fighters shot down.[43] The following day, in aerial combat near Maloarkhangelsk, he claimed another La-5 destroyed. Later that day, he was credited with shooting down a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighter.[44] On 7 July, III. Gruppe again fought in the vicinity of Maloarkhangelsk where they claimed 17 aerial victories, including a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 by Losigkeit, for the loss of one severely shot up Fw 190 from 8. Staffel.[45] Losigkeit was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 17 October 1943.[6]
Wing commander
On 1 April 1944, Losigkeit was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of JG 51. He succeeded Oberstleutnant Karl-Gottfried Nordmann who was transferred.[46] Command of III. Gruppe of JG 51 was handed to Hauptmann Diethelm von Eichel-Streiber.[47] The Stab of JG 51 was based at Terespol in the combat area of Army Group Centre.[48] On 21 June, bombers of the Eighth Air Force, formerly VIII Bomber Command, on a shuttle bombing mission of Operation Frantic, attacked oil refineries south of Berlin before heading for the Poltava Air Base. The bombers were intercepted by elements of JG 51 led by Losigkeit. In this encounter, two of the escorting North American P-51 Mustang fighters were shot down. One of the P-51 fighters crashed near the Luftwaffe airfield at Babruysk where III. Gruppe of JG 51 was based. In its cockpit, a map of the Poltava Air Base was found. The commander of III. Gruppe, Eichel-Streiber, sent the map to the headquarters of Luftflotte 6 (6th Air Fleet). This intelligence led to an attack by Luftwaffe bombers which destroyed 44 parked B-17 bombers and damaged further 26.[49]
Losigkeit flew to
The Geschwaderstab and II. Gruppe were based at Skutsch (Skuteč) on 8 May. Losigkeit ordered the destruction of all remaining aircraft before boarding a Junkers Ju 52 transport aircraft, filled up with fuel from salvaged aircraft, heading west to avoid capture by the Red Army.[52]
Later life
After the war, Losigkeit was a member of the
Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Losigkeit was credited with 68 aerial victories.[55] Obermaier and Spick also list him with 68 aerial victories, including 13 on the Western Front, claimed in approximately 750 combat missions.[2][56] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 51 aerial victory claims. This figure includes 44 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and seven over the Western Allies, including one four-engined bomber.[57]
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 05 Ost S/83/1/5". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15
Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 –[6] Battle of France — 10 May – 25 June 1940 | |||||||||
1 | 28 May 1940 | 10:35 | Spitfire | Calais[59] Dover-Ostend[9] |
2 | 1 June 1940 | 06:40 | Spitfire | Dunkirk[59][10] |
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 –[6] Action at the Channel and over England — 26–17 June 1941 | |||||||||
3 | 28 August 1940 | 10:05 | Hurricane | north of Folkestone[60][15] | 5 | 15 September 1940 | 15:40 | Spitfire | southeast of London[61][62] |
4 | 30 August 1940 | 19:30 | Spitfire | southeast of Littlestone-on-Sea[61][63] | |||||
– I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 1 –[6] Western Front — 1 April – 20 May 1943 | |||||||||
6 | 17 April 1943 | 13:18 | B-17 | PQ 05 Ost S/83/1/5[64] | 7 | 2 May 1943 | 19:40 | Ventura | 120 kilometres (75 mi) west of Haarlem[64] |
– III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[57] Eastern Front — 26 June – 31 December 1943 | |||||||||
8 | 5 July 1943 | 07:20 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63693[43] 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-southwest of Trosna |
24 | 9 August 1943 | 16:24 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] | PQ 35 Ost 35458[65] 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Spas-Demensk |
9 | 5 July 1943 | 13:32 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63544[43] 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south-southeast of Trosna |
25 | 12 August 1943 | 10:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 45393[65] 25 kilometres (16 mi) east-northeast of Yelnya |
10 | 6 July 1943 | 08:43 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63582[43] 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
26 | 12 August 1943 | 10:55 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 35443[65] 25 kilometres (16 mi) north-northwest of Spas-Demensk |
11 | 6 July 1943 | 17:05 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63723[66] 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Zolotukhino |
27 | 12 August 1943 | 16:25 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 35466[65] 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Spas-Demensk |
12 | 7 July 1943 | 14:56 | MiG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63578[66] 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-southeast of Trosna |
28 | 14 August 1943 | 18:55 | MiG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 26641[67] 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Bohodukhiv |
13 | 9 July 1943 | 10:45 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 63724[66] 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Zolotukhino |
29 | 16 August 1943 | 16:15 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 26534[67] 40 kilometres (25 mi) north-northeast of Moschna |
14 | 11 July 1943 | 13:56 | MiG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63721[66] 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Zolotukhino |
30 | 18 August 1943 | 18:15 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 26824[67] 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Yartsevo |
15 | 12 July 1943 | 19:50 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 54273[68] 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Kozelsk |
31 | 21 August 1943 | 09:40 | MiG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 35661[67] 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Kaluga |
16 | 13 July 1943 | 13:55 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] | PQ 35 Ost 63253[68] 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of Oryol |
32 | 22 August 1943 | 10:13 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 35479, 30 km (19 mi) east of Yelnya[67] 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Moschna |
17 | 13 July 1943 | 14:25 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] | PQ 35 Ost 53231[68] 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southeast of Zalegoshch |
33 | 22 August 1943 | 18:20 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 26672[67] 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Yelnya |
18 | 17 July 1943 | 07:17 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63398[68] 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north-northwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
34 | 27 August 1943 | 10:00 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 43848[69] 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of Sevsk |
19 | 29 July 1943 | 15:36 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 54654[70] 20 kilometres (12 mi) east-northeast of Belyov |
35 | 3 September 1943 | 11:13 | Boston | PQ 35 Ost 32458[69] 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of Hlukhiv |
20 | 1 August 1943 | 10:35 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 54638[70] 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south-southeast of Kromy |
36 | 3 September 1943 | 16:31 | Boston | PQ 35 Ost 32675[69] 25 kilometres (16 mi) east-northeast of Konotop |
21 | 1 August 1943 | 18:25 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 53498[71] 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of Bolkhov |
37 | 15 September 1943 | 17:05 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 25376[69] 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of Yelnya |
22 | 2 August 1943 | 09:15 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 53498[71] 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south-southeast of Kromy |
38 | 22 November 1943 | 14:20 | P-51 | Gomel[72] 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of Yelnya |
23 | 9 August 1943 | 16:11 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 45511[65] 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Spas-Demensk |
39 | 28 December 1943 | 12:15 | Yak-7 | PQ 25 Ost 93419 Parichi
|
– III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[74] Eastern Front — 1 January – 31 March 1944 | |||||||||
40 | 8 January 1944 | 12:06 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 06583[75] 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Vitebsk |
43 | 5 February 1944 | 10:16 | La-5 | PQ 25 Ost 93337[75] 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Parichi |
41 | 16 January 1944 | 11:26 | Yak-7 | PQ 25 Ost 93474[75] 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Parichi |
44 | 5 February 1944 | 10:20 | Yak-7 | PQ 25 Ost 93353[75] 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Parichi |
42 | 16 January 1944 | 14:26 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 93398[75] 30 kilometres (19 mi) south-southeast of Parichi |
45 | 28 March 1944 | 16:15 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 05658[76] 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Stara Bychow |
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[74] Eastern Front — 1 April – 31 December 1944 | |||||||||
46 | 30 June 1944 | 15:28 | Yak-7 | PQ 25 Ost N/85672[77] 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of Barysaw |
49 | 10 July 1944 | 16:27 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost N/53182[77] 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Slonim |
47 | 30 June 1944 | 18:07 | La-5 | PQ 25 Ost N/85583[77] 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Barysaw |
50 | 16 July 1944 | 16:01 | Pe-2 | PQ 25 Ost N/40293[77] vicinity of Zolochiv |
48 | 1 July 1944 | 11:35 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost N/85734[77] vicinity of Barysaw |
51 | 24 July 1944 | 15:44 | Pe-2 | PQ 25 Ost N/41763[77] 30 kilometres (19 mi) east-northeast of Zhovkva |
Awards
- Spanish Cross in Silver with Swords (14 April 1939)[6]
- German Cross in Gold on 17 October 1943 as Major in III./Jagdgeschwader 51[79]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 28 April 1945 as Major and Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders"[54][80]
Notes
- ^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[1]
- ^ a b c The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
References
Citations
- ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
- ^ a b c Obermaier 1989, p. 161.
- ^ Braatz 2005, p. 174.
- ^ Forsyth 2011, p. 93.
- ^ Forsyth 2011, pp. 93–94.
- ^ a b c d e f g Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 772.
- ^ Prien et al. 2000a, p. 180.
- ^ Prien et al. 2001, p. 173.
- ^ a b Caldwell 1996, p. 31.
- ^ a b Caldwell 1996, p. 35.
- ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 41.
- ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 42.
- ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 43.
- ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 46.
- ^ a b Caldwell 1996, p. 64.
- ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 64–65.
- ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 74–75.
- ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 136.
- ^ a b Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 85.
- ^ Forsyth 2017, Chapter 2.
- ^ Blair 1996, p. 488.
- ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, pp. 83, 85.
- ^ a b Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 86.
- ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 88.
- ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 90.
- ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 96.
- ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, pp. 90, 629.
- ^ Weal 1996, pp. 58, 92.
- ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 99.
- ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, pp. 99, 105.
- ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 113.
- ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 137.
- ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 267.
- ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 291.
- ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, pp. 295, 297.
- ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 313.
- ^ Caldwell 1998, pp. 82–83.
- ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 134.
- ^ Caldwell 1998, p. 85.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 56.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 21.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 22.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 63.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 24, 63–64.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 24, 64.
- ^ a b Aders & Held 1993, p. 247.
- ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 250.
- ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 150.
- ^ Weal 2006, pp. 110–111.
- ^ Aders & Held 1993, pp. 176–177.
- ^ Prien 1995, pp. 2328–2329, 2370.
- ^ Prien 1995, pp. 2355–2356.
- ^ Hechelhammer 2019.
- ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 515.
- ^ Zabecki 2014, p. 1616.
- ^ Spick 1996, p. 239.
- ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 772–773.
- ^ Planquadrat.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2000b, p. 208.
- ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 290.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2002, p. 291.
- ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 75.
- ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 65.
- ^ a b Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 633.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 68.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 64.
- ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 69.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 65.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 70.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 66.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 67.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 72.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 73.
- ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 773.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2022, p. 406.
- ^ Prien et al. 2022, p. 407.
- ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2022, p. 219.
- ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 138.
- ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 285.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 296.
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