Fulbert of Chartres

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Roman Catholic Church
Feast10 April
ControversyFulbert was never canonized, but permission was granted by Rome to celebrate his day in Chartres and Poitiers

Fulbert of Chartres (

feast day on September 8 and for one of the many reconstructions of the Chartres Cathedral
. Most of the information available about him comes from letters he wrote to secular and religious figures between 1004 and 1028.

Life

There is no conclusive evidence as to the exact date or location of Fulbert's birth; sources vary in listing dates from 952 to 970.

Poitiers to celebrate his life on 10 April.[10]

His feast is included in

Martyrologium Romanum (2004) on 10 April.[11]

Writings

Letters

Letters constitute the bulk of writings that can be verifiably attributed to Fulbert. His most famous letter was to Duke

liturgical issues including the appointment of bishops, excommunication, and obedience. His letters also include correspondence about mundane issues of everyday life such as thanking people for medicine and setting up meetings. These letters provide insight into a variety of issues in the late tenth and early eleventh century France.[12]

Poems

Fulbert wrote approximately twenty-four poems which have sometimes been described as humorous, such as his poem about the monk in the desert,[13] or lovely, as when describing his “Ode to the Nightingale”.[14]

Hymns

Most of Fulbert's

Virgin.[15] He also wrote “Chorus Novae Jerusalem” (Ye Choirs of New Jerusalem), to be sung at Easter services.[16]

Sermons

Fulbert's most famous sermon is “ Approbate Consuetudinis”, in which he provides information regarding the importance of the celebration of the “Feast of Mary’s Nativity”.[17]

Theological contributions

Like the recent

mother of Christ, but for all who believed in her, their mother too.[21] All of this led to Fulbert's ultimate goal of promoting a special feast day to celebrate Mary's Nativity.[22]

To gain popular support for this feast, Fulbert wrote his famous

Cathedral of Chartres as a centre for Marian devotion, and also gave people a spiritual symbol to turn to in times of need at the turn of the millennium.[25]

Ecclesiastical reform

During his time in

abbots and bishops. In the eleventh century the secular rulers had a habit of appointing whomever they wanted to fill vacant church positions. Fulbert and some of his students, such as Abbot Albert of Marmoutier, routinely wrote that it was up to the clergy and the citizens of the diocese involved to elect a replacement,[27] the authority being found in the rulings of the First Council of Nicaea (325) and the Council of Antioch (264-272).[28] These reforms also stated that the Church, not the state, was responsible for disciplining the clergy. The issues of simony (the buying of church offices) and immoral clerics were also addressed by Fulbert.[29] Although the reforms were issued by Gregory VII, some of its ideas came from Fulbert, whose writings were disseminated through his students.[26]

Architectural contributions

After

Mary's family and the Holy Family
, again a reference to Fulbert's teachings in regards to the Feast of Mary's Nativity.

Notes

  1. ^ Protected as an historical monument in 1862 (in French)
  2. ^ a b Mac Kinney, p. 5 and Behrends, p. xvi
  3. ^ a b Wellman, p. 136
  4. ^ Behrends, p. xvii
  5. ^ Fassler, p. 403
  6. ^ Mac Kinney, p. 6
  7. ^ a b Behrends, p. xvii, Wellman, p. 136
  8. ^ Mac Kinney, p. 7
  9. ^ Behernds p. xxi esp. footnote 17, Butler p. 63
  10. ^ Mac Kinney p.40-41 esp. footnote 142
  11. ^ Catholic Church (2004). Martyrologium Romanum (2004).
  12. ^ Behernds, p. 1-239
  13. ^ Behernds, p. xxv
  14. ^ Schulman, p. 152
  15. ^ Butler, p. 64
  16. ^ The Book of Common Praise, p. 122, Hymn #169
  17. ^ a b Fassler, p. 406
  18. ^ Fassler, p. 404
  19. ^ Wellman, p.136
  20. ^ Wellman, p. 138-40
  21. ^ Wellman, p. 140
  22. ^ Fassler, p. 405
  23. ^ Fassler, p. 410
  24. ^ Fassler, p. 433
  25. ^ Wellman, p. 146
  26. ^ a b Ziezulewicz, p. 401
  27. ^ Ziezulewicz, p. 385
  28. ^ Ziezulewicz, p. 393
  29. ^ Behrends, p. xix
  30. ^ Wellman, p. 136-37
  31. ^ Frankl, p. 33
  32. ^ Spitzer, p. 144-45
  33. ^ Spitzer, p. 132

Bibliography

  • Behrends, Frederick, ed. (1976). The Letters and Poems of Fulbert of Chartres. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
  • Committee of the General Synod, compilers (1962). The Book of Common Praise; Being the Hymn Book of the Anglican Church of Canada. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
  • Delaporte, Yves (1957). "Fulbert de Chartres et l'école chartraine de chant liturgique au Xie siècle". Études grégoriennes. 2: 51–81.
  • Fassler, Margot (2000). "Mary's Nativity, Fulbert of Chartres, and the Stirps Jesse: Liturgical Innovation Circa 1000 and its Afterlife". Speculum. 75: 389–434.
  • Frankl, Paul (1957). "The Chronology of Chartres Cathedral". The Art Bulletin. 39: 33–47.
  • Hallam, Elizabeth (1980). Capetian France 987–1328. London: Longman.
  • Hilberry, Harry H. (1959). "The Cathedral at Chartres in 1030". Speculum. 34: 561–572.
  • Mac Kinney, Loren C. (1957). Bishop Fulbert and Education at The School of Chartres. Notre Dame: The Mediaeval Institute University of Notre Dame.
  • Nemerkényi, Elöd. "Latin Grammar in the Cathedral School: Fulbert of Chartres, Bonipert of Pécs, and the Way of a Lost Priscian Manuscript". Quidditas: Journal of the Rocky Mountain Medieval and Renaissance Association. 22 (201): 39–54.
  • Ott, Michael (1909). "Fulbert of Chartres". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton. Retrieved September 8, 2008.
  • Peters, Edward (1990). "The Death of the Subdean: Ecclesiastical Order and Disorder in Eleventh-Century Francia". In Bachrach, Bernard S.; Nicholas, David (eds.). Law, Custom, and the Social Fabric in Medieval Europe: Essays in Honor of Bryce Lyon. Kalamazoo Michigan: Western Michigan University. pp. 51–71.
  • Schulman, Jana K., ed. (2002). "Fulbert of Chartres". The Rise of the Medieval World 500-1300: A Biographical Dictionary. Westport Conn.: Greenwood Press. pp. 152–3.
  • Spitzer, Laura (1994). "The Cult of the Virgin Mary and Gothic Sculpture: Evaluating Opposition in the Chartres West Facade Capital Frieze". Gesta. 33: 132–150.
  • Thurston, Herbert S. J.; Attwater, Donald, eds. (1963). Butler's Lives of the Saints (Complete ed.). New York: P. J. Kenedy and Sons. pp. 63–64.
  • Warren, F. M. (1908). "The Presidents Address: A Plea for the Study of Medieval Latin". PMLA. 23 (Appendix). Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Modern Language Association of America 1908: xlvii–lxxii.
  • Wellman, Tennyson (2002). "Apocalyptic Concerns and Mariological Tactics in Eleventh-Century France". In Frassetto, Michael (ed.). The Year 1000; Religious and Social Response to the Turning of the First Millennium. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 133–163.
  • Ziezulewicz, William (1991). "The School of Chartres and Reform Influences Before the Pontificate of Leo IX". The Catholic Historical Review. 77: 383–402.

External links

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Web images

His works

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