Fuling, Chongqing
Fuling
涪陵区 Fowling | |
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China Standard ) |
Fuling | |
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Hanyu Pinyin | Fúlíng |
Wade–Giles | Fu2-ling2 |
Fuling District (
The district spans an area of 2,941.46 square kilometres (1,135.70 sq mi),[2] and has a population of 1,115,016, per the 2020 Chinese Census.[3] The district's area spans from latitude 29°21' to 30°01' north, and longitude 106°56' to 107°43' east.[2]
History
According to the
During the Spring and Autumn period, the area was inhabited by the Baipu people .[4] From the middle and late part of Spring and Autumn period, through to the middle of the Warring States period, the area belonged to the State of Ba.[4] The area was at some point the site of one of the Ba's capitals, and a Ba king is buried within the area.[4] During the middle and latter part of the Warring States period, the area belonged to the State of Chu.[4]
Following the State of Chu, the area was incorporated into the Qin dynasty as the Ba Commandery .[4] The area reorganized in 227 BCE, under the rule of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, as Zhi County .[4]
During the
In the Three Kingdoms period, the area was ruled by the Shu Han, and organized as Hanping County (simplified Chinese: 汉平县; traditional Chinese: 漢平縣; pinyin: Hànpíng Xiàn).[4] Hanping County was subordinate to the Fuling Commandery , whose capital was located in present-day Yushan in the nearby Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County, to the southeast of Fuling District.[4]
In 347 CE, under the
The area's administrative divisions were reorganized dramatically during the Northern and Southern dynasties.[4]
The Sui dynasty would reorganize the area into three counties: Fuling County (simplified Chinese: 涪陵县; traditional Chinese: 涪陵縣; pinyin: Fúlíng Xiàn), which belonged to the Ba Commandery, Fengdu County (simplified Chinese: 丰都县; traditional Chinese: 豐都縣; pinyin: Fēngdū Xiàn), which belonged to the Badong Commandery , and Dianjiang County (simplified Chinese: 垫江县; traditional Chinese: 墊江縣; pinyin: Diànjiāng Xiàn), which belonged to the Dangqu Commandery .[4]
In 618 CE,[citation needed] during the Tang dynasty, the area was reorganized as Fu Zhou , which governed Wulong County , Fuling County, and Longhua County .[4]
Under the
Fu Zhou remained intact during the Yuan dynasty and the Ming dynasty, and governed Wulong County.[4] Fu Zhou would continue intact during the Qing dynasty, but was not divided into counties.[4] During this time, Fu Zhou was under the jurisdiction of Chongqing Fu .[citation needed]
In 1913, shortly after the establishment of the Republic of China, Fu Zhou was reorganized as Fuling County.[4] Fuling County initially fell under the jurisdiction of Chuandong Circuit , then directly under the jurisdiction of Sichuan in 1928[citation needed], and finally under the Eight Administrative Inspectorate of Sichuan.[4]
Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the area saw administrative reforms in early 1950.
Fuling Area was replaced by
On September 15, 1996, legislature passed by the State Council placed the prefecture-level city of Fuling under the administration of Chongqing.
Geography
Fuling District is located on the southeastern edge of the Sichuan Basin, between latitude 29°21' to 30°01' north, and longitude 106°56' to 107°43' east, covering an area of 2,941.46 square kilometres (1,135.70 sq mi).[2] The easternmost point is Baijibao (Chinese: 白鸡堡) in the town of Jiaoshi , the westernmost point is Dachayuan (Chinese: 大茶园) in the town of Zengfu , the southernmost point is Jinjiadian (Chinese: 金家店) in the town of Tongle , and the northernmost point is Hongqiangyuan (Chinese: 红墙院).[2] Fuling District spans 74.5 kilometres (46.3 mi) from west to east, and 70.8 kilometres (44.0 mi) from north to south.[2] Fuling City is located at the confluence of the Wu River and the Yangtze, in the heart of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.[2]
Located in the central part of
Climate
Fuling District has a
Climate data for Fuling District (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 16.9 (62.4) |
23.9 (75.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
35.5 (95.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
39.2 (102.6) |
40.5 (104.9) |
42.2 (108.0) |
41.8 (107.2) |
35.5 (95.9) |
28.9 (84.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
42.2 (108.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.8 (49.6) |
12.8 (55.0) |
17.9 (64.2) |
23.2 (73.8) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.6 (92.5) |
28.5 (83.3) |
21.9 (71.4) |
16.8 (62.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
22.1 (71.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) |
9.7 (49.5) |
13.8 (56.8) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24.9 (76.8) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.3 (82.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
14.0 (57.2) |
8.9 (48.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.5 (61.7) |
12.1 (53.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
1.3 (34.3) |
4.2 (39.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
14.9 (58.8) |
7.4 (45.3) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 18.5 (0.73) |
21.2 (0.83) |
55.9 (2.20) |
106.8 (4.20) |
164.1 (6.46) |
171.3 (6.74) |
144.6 (5.69) |
122.3 (4.81) |
109.6 (4.31) |
104.4 (4.11) |
55.6 (2.19) |
23.5 (0.93) |
1,097.8 (43.2) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.2 | 8.5 | 11.9 | 14.7 | 16.6 | 15.3 | 11.9 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 16.5 | 11.4 | 10.4 | 149.8 |
Average snowy days | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
83 | 79 | 76 | 77 | 79 | 81 | 74 | 72 | 78 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 80 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 19.9 | 37.6 | 76.9 | 107.5 | 112.2 | 109.4 | 189.6 | 194.6 | 121.4 | 62.3 | 45.7 | 18.6 | 1,095.7 |
Percent possible sunshine | 6 | 12 | 21 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 44 | 48 | 33 | 18 | 14 | 6 | 24 |
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[5][6] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather China[7] |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
2010 | 1,066,714 | — |
2020 | 1,115,016 | +4.5% |
Fuling District has a population of 1,115,016, according to the 2020 Chinese Census.[3] This represents a 4.53% increase from the 1,066,714 recorded in the 2010 Chinese Census.[3]
As of 2020, 71.85% of the
Age and household structure
14.93% of the district's population is 14 years old or younger, 63.91% is between 15 and 59 years old, and 21.16% is 60 years old or older.[3] 18.02% of the district's population is 65 years or older.[3] Compared to 2010, the proportion of people age 14 or younger dropped 0.96%, the proportion of people age 15 to 59 fell 2.10%, and the proportion of people age 60 or older rose 3.06%.[3] The proportion of people age 65 or older rose 5.63% from 2010 to 2020.[3] The average household size in Fuling District totaled 2.44 people, a decrease from the 2.91 size recorded in 2010.[3]
Educational attainment
12.85% of the district's population had attained a
Administrative divisions
Fuling District administers 11
Name | S)[8] |
Hanyu Pinyin
|
---|---|---|
Dunren Subdistrict | 敦仁街道 | Dūnrén Jiēdào |
Chongyi Subdistrict | 崇义街道 | Chóngyì Jiēdào |
Lizhi Subdistrict | 荔枝街道 | Lìzhī Jiēdào |
Jiangbei Subdistrict | 江北街道 | Jiāngběi Jiēdào |
Jiangdong Subdistrict | 江东街道 | Jiāngdōng Jiēdào |
Lidu Subdistrict | 李渡街道 | Lǐdù Jiēdào |
Longqiao Subdistrict | 龙桥街道 | Lóngqiáo Jiēdào |
Baitao Subdistrict | 白涛街道 | Báitāo Jiēdào |
Ma'an Subdistrict | 马鞍街道 | Mǎ'ān Jiēdào |
Linshi Subdistrict | 蔺市街道 | Lìnshì Jiēdào |
Yihe Subdistrict | 义和街道 | Yìhé Jiēdào |
Nantuo | 南沱镇 | Nántuó Zhèn |
Qingyang | 青羊镇 | Qīngyáng Zhèn |
Baisheng | 百胜镇 | Bǎishèng Zhèn |
Zhenxi | 珍溪镇 | Zhēnxī Zhèn |
Qingxi | 清溪镇 | Qīngxī Zhèn |
Jiaoshi | 焦石镇 | Jiāoshí Zhèn |
Mawu | 马武镇 | Mǎwǔ Zhèn |
Longtan | 龙潭镇 | Lóngtán Zhèn |
Xinmiao | 新妙镇 | Xīnmiào Zhèn |
Shituo | 石沱镇 | Shítuó Zhèn |
Tongle | 同乐镇 | Tónglè Zhèn |
Dashun | 大顺镇 | Dàshùn Zhèn |
Zengfu | 增福镇 | Zēngfú Zhèn |
Luoyun | 罗云镇 | Luōyún Zhèn |
Damu Township | 大木乡 | Dàmù Xiāng |
Wulingshan Township | 武陵山乡 | Wǔlíngshān Xiāng |
2010 divisions
Name | S ) |
Hanyu Pinyin |
Population (2010)[9] | Area (km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dunren Subdistrict | 敦仁街道 | Dūnrén Jiēdào | 105,296 | 3.8 |
Chongyi Subdistrict | 崇义街道 | Chóngyì Jiēdào | 75,746 | 11.24 |
Lizhi Subdistrict | 荔枝街道 | Lìzhī Jiēdào | 156,753 | 126 |
Jiangbei Subdistrict | 江北街道 | Jiāngběi Jiēdào | 36,538 | 78.09 |
Jiangdong Subdistrict | 江东街道 | Jiāngdōng Jiēdào | 51,078 | 91.6 |
Lidu Subdistrict | 李渡街道 | Lǐdù Jiēdào | 88,124 | 91.1 |
Longqiao Subdistrict | 龙桥街道 | Lóngqiáo Jiēdào | 34,541 | 63.2 |
Baitao Subdistrict | 白涛街道 | Báitāo Jiēdào | 46,160 | 121.5 |
Nantuo | 南沱镇 | Nántuó Zhèn | 26,447 | 67.14 |
Qingyang | 青羊镇 | Qīngyáng Zhèn | 16,197 | 107.4 |
Baisheng | 百胜镇 | Bǎishèng Zhèn | 41,114 | 114 |
Zhenxi | 珍溪镇 | Zhēnxī Zhèn | 50,017 | 56.3 |
Qingxi | 清溪镇 | Qīngxī Zhèn | 29,285 | 83.5 |
Jiaoshi | 焦石镇 | Jiāoshí Zhèn | 23,454 | 78.2 |
Mawu | 马武镇 | Mǎwǔ Zhèn | 32,360 | 55.5 |
Longtan | 龙潭镇 | Lóngtán Zhèn | 36,511 | 80.6 |
Linshi town | 蔺市镇 | Lìnshì Zhèn | 41,730 | 82.3 |
Xinmiao | 新妙镇 | Xīnmiào Zhèn | 34,299 | 81.7 |
Shituo | 石沱镇 | Shítuó Zhèn | 26,144 | 54 |
Yihe town | 义和镇 | Yìhé Zhèn | 37,390 | 70.4 |
Luoyun Township | 罗云乡 | Luōyún Xiāng | 14,940 | 56.5 |
Damu Township | 大木乡 | Dàmù Xiāng | 3,200 | 96.3 |
Wulingshan Township | 武陵山乡 | Wǔlíngshān Xiāng | 6,360 | 103.3 |
Dashun Township | 大顺乡 | Dàshùn Xiāng | 18,844 | |
Zengfu Township | 增福乡 | Zēngfú Xiāng | 15,527 | 70.4 |
Tongle Township | 同乐乡 | Tónglè Xiāng | 18,659 | 65.73 |
Economy
Fuling District had a total gross domestic product (GDP) of 140.274 billion renminbi (RMB) as of 2021, an 8.7% increase from 2020.[10]
The
Transportation
Historically, Fuling was primarily served by Yangtze river boats, as the development of ground transportation was slow, due to the difficult terrain.
Railways arrived to the Fuling area only in the 21st century. First was the
The high-speed
As of 2015, Fuling had five
Education
Yangtze Normal University (formerly Fuling Teachers College) is in Fuling. The university hosted Peace Corps volunteers from 1996 until 2020, when the last volunteers were evacuated from the Peace Corps China program in the wake of COVID-19.
Culture
The
Cuisine
Fuling is well known for its Wu River brand zha cai pickled mustard tuber. The Fuling Zhacai company is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and in 2021 celebrated selling 15 billion packets.[13]
According to Peter Hessler, as of 1998, most residents of Fuling are genetically incapable of being alcoholics. When imbibing large amounts of alcohol many people became so sick and they could not drink heavily all the time. Therefore, according to Hessler, consumption of alcohol was not habitual but instead was a ritual, and therefore drinking patterns were "abusive with light consequences."[14]
See also
- River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze
- Fuling Catholic Church
- White Crane Ridge
- Baiheliang Underwater Museum
- 816 Nuclear Military Plant
Notes
- ^ United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service. Daily Report: People's Republic of China, Issues 224–231. National Technical Information Service, 1990. p. 31. "Fuling is famous for its hot pickled mustard tubers and Comrade Qiao Shi showed a keen interest in the production and processing of these tubers. Early the next morning, he went to Fuling's Zhaxi Hot Pickled Mustard Tuber Factory by car.[...]"
- ^ a b c d e f g 自然环境 [Natural environment]. www.fl.gov.cn (in Chinese). Fuling District People's Government. 2022-01-20. Archived from the original on 2022-05-14. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m 辖区人口 [Jurisdiction population]. www.fl.gov.cn (in Chinese). Fuling District People's Government. 2022-01-20. Archived from the original on 2022-05-14. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai 建置沿革 [Organizational history]. www.fl.gov.cn (in Chinese). Fuling District People's Government. 2022-01-20. Archived from the original on 2022-05-14. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
- ^ 涪陵 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
- ^ a b 2021年统计用区划代码(涪陵区) [2021 Statistical Division Codes (Fuling District)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2021. Archived from the original on 2022-05-14. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
- ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
- ^ a b 综合经济 [Total economy]. www.fl.gov.cn (in Chinese). Fuling District People's Government. 2022-01-20. Archived from the original on 2022-05-14. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
- QQ.com(in Chinese (China)). 2012-08-26.
- National Geographic. Archived from the originalon 6 June 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
- ^ "15 Billion Packets Sold Globally, China's Wujiang Now World Famous!". 27 January 2021.
- ^ Hessler, p. 80.
Bibliography
- HarperCollins e-books.
External links
- Official site (in Chinese)