Fungi imperfecti
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2016) |
Fungi imperfecti | |
---|---|
Conidiophore of Aspergillus sp.
| |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | |
Species | |
See below. |
The fungi imperfecti or imperfect fungi are
There are about 25,000 species that have been classified in the deuteromycota and many are basidiomycota or ascomycota
Other, more informal names besides Deuteromycota ("Deuteromycetes") and fungi imperfecti are anamorphic fungi, or mitosporic fungi, but these are terms without taxonomic rank. Examples are Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Trichoderma etc.
Problems in taxonomic classification
Although Fungi imperfecti/Deuteromycota is no longer formally accepted as a
Under the former system, a name for an asexually reproducing fungus was considered a form taxon. For example, the ubiquitous and industrially important mold,
Phylogeny and taxonomy
Phylogenetic classification of asexually reproducing fungi now commonly uses
Historical classification of the imperfect fungi
These groups are no longer formally accepted because they do not adhere to the principle of monophyly.[citation needed] The taxon names are sometimes used informally. In particular, the term 'hyphomycetes' is often used to refer to molds, and the term 'coelomycetes' is used to refer to many asexually reproducing plant pathogens that form discrete fruiting bodies.
Following, a classification of the Fungi imperfecti: Saccardo et al.(1882-1972)[2]
- Class Hyphomycetes lacking fruiting bodies
- Order conidiophores)
- Order Stilbellales (producing spores on synnemata)
- Order Tuberculariales (producing spores in sporodochia)
- Order
- Class Coelomycetes spores produced in fruiting bodies
- Order Melanconiales (producing spores in acervuli)
- Order Sphaeropsidales (producing spores in pycnidia)
- Class Agonomycetes lacking spores
Other, according to Dörfelt (1989):[3]
- Form-Klasse: Hyphomycetes
- Form-Ordnung: Agonomycetales
- Form-Familie: Agonomycetaceae
- Form-Ordnung: Moniliales
- Form-Familie: Moniliaceae
- Form-Familie: Dematiaceae
- Form-Familie: Stilbellaceae
- Form-Familie: Tuberculariaceae
- Form-Ordnung: Agonomycetales
- Form-Klasse: Coelomycetes
- Form-Ordnung: Melanconiales
- Form-Familie: Melanconiaceae
- Form-Ordnung: Sphaeropsidales
- Form-Familie: Sphaeropsidaceae
- Form-Ordnung: Melanconiales
Other systems of classification are reviewed by (Kendrick 1981).
Common species
Industrially relevant fungi
- immunosuppressant ciclosporin is obtained;[4]
- Penicillium griseofulvum
- Penicillium roqueforti
- Penicillium camemberti
- Other species of Penicillium are used to improve both the taste and the texture of cheeses[5]
- Aspergillus oryzae[6]
- Aspergillus sojae[7]
- Aspergillus niger[8]
- Amorphotheca resinae[9]
- Lecanicillium sp. → these produce conidia which may control certain species of insect pests[10]
- Other entomopathogenic fungi, including Metarhizium and Beauveriaspp.
- Pochonia spp. are under development for control of Nematode pests.
See also
- Forest pathology
- List of mitosporic Ascomycota
References
- ^ "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants". International Association for Plant Taxonomy.
- ^ "Fungi - Wikispecies".
- ^ Dörfelt, Heinrich (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Mykologie. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York. 1989.
- ^ See "Una Historia Ilustrada del Transplante de Órganos" [1] Archived 2008-03-16 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish).
- ^ See the following link Archived 2008-09-09 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish).
- ^ "Bio-Cat Products". Bio-Cat. Archived from the original on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
- ^ "ARS en Espanol : News & Events". USDA. Archived from the original on 2008-10-12. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
- ^ "Enzyme Development Corporation". Archived from the original on 2012-03-21. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
- ^ See this link Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish).
- ^ Cf.[2] Archived 2008-10-06 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish).
Bibliography
- Goos, R.D. (1956). "Classification of the Fungi lmperfecti". Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. 63: 311–320 – via the Iowa Academy of Science, Inc.
- Gams, W. (1995). "How natural should anamorph genera be?". Canadian Journal of Botany. 73 (Suppl 1): S747–53. doi:10.1139/b95-318.
- Kendrick, B. (2 December 2012) [1981]. "The history of conidial fungi". In Cole, Garry T. (ed.). Biology of Conidial Fungi. Vol. 1. Elsevier. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-0-323-13899-4.
- Seifert, K.A. (1993). "Integrating anamorphic fungi into the fungal system". In Reynolds, D.R.; Taylor, J.W. (eds.). The Fungal Holomorph: mitotic, meiotic and pleomorphic speciation in fungal systematics. CAB International. pp. 79–85. ISBN 0851988652.
- Taylor, JW (1995). "Making the Deuteromycota redundant: a practical integration of mitosporic and meiosporic fungi". Canadian Journal of Botany. 73 (Suppl 1): S754–9. doi:10.1139/b95-319.