Fungi imperfecti

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Fungi imperfecti
Conidiophore of Aspergillus
sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Species

See below.

The fungi imperfecti or imperfect fungi are

biological species concepts or morphological characteristics of sexual structures because their sexual form of reproduction has never been observed. They are known as imperfect fungi because only their asexual and vegetative phases are known. They have asexual form of reproduction, meaning that these fungi produce their spores asexually, in the process called sporogenesis
.

There are about 25,000 species that have been classified in the deuteromycota and many are basidiomycota or ascomycota

Camembert cheese
.

Other, more informal names besides Deuteromycota ("Deuteromycetes") and fungi imperfecti are anamorphic fungi, or mitosporic fungi, but these are terms without taxonomic rank. Examples are Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Trichoderma etc.

Problems in taxonomic classification

Although Fungi imperfecti/Deuteromycota is no longer formally accepted as a

fungi
are classified based on characteristics of the fruiting bodies and spores produced during sexual reproduction, and members of the Deuteromycota have been observed to reproduce only asexually or produce no spores.

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (which governs the naming of plants and fungi); however, this was abolished in the 2011 update of the Code.[1]

Under the former system, a name for an asexually reproducing fungus was considered a form taxon. For example, the ubiquitous and industrially important mold,

anamorph
(which lacks a sexual reproductive stage). Hence the formerly classified Aspergillus species is now properly called Emericella nidulans.

Phylogeny and taxonomy

Phylogenetic classification of asexually reproducing fungi now commonly uses

teleomorph
names cannot be applied to fungi that lack sexual structures. Classifying and naming asexually reproducing fungi is the subject of ongoing debate in the mycological community.

Historical classification of the imperfect fungi

These groups are no longer formally accepted because they do not adhere to the principle of monophyly.[citation needed] The taxon names are sometimes used informally. In particular, the term 'hyphomycetes' is often used to refer to molds, and the term 'coelomycetes' is used to refer to many asexually reproducing plant pathogens that form discrete fruiting bodies.

Following, a classification of the Fungi imperfecti: Saccardo et al.(1882-1972)[2]

Other, according to Dörfelt (1989):[3]

Other systems of classification are reviewed by (Kendrick 1981).

Common species

Industrially relevant fungi

See also

References

  1. ^ "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants". International Association for Plant Taxonomy.
  2. ^ "Fungi - Wikispecies".
  3. ^ Dörfelt, Heinrich (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Mykologie. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York. 1989.
  4. ^ See "Una Historia Ilustrada del Transplante de Órganos" [1] Archived 2008-03-16 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish).
  5. ^ See the following link Archived 2008-09-09 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish).
  6. ^ "Bio-Cat Products". Bio-Cat. Archived from the original on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
  7. ^ "ARS en Espanol : News & Events". USDA. Archived from the original on 2008-10-12. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
  8. ^ "Enzyme Development Corporation". Archived from the original on 2012-03-21. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
  9. ^ See this link Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish).
  10. ^ Cf.[2] Archived 2008-10-06 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish).

Bibliography