Fuyang
Fuyang
阜阳市 Fowyang | ||
|---|---|---|
License Plate Prefix皖K | | |
Fuyang (simplified Chinese: 阜阳; traditional Chinese: 阜陽; pinyin: Fùyáng ⓘ, previously romanized as Fowyang) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Anhui province, China. It is bordered by Henan province to the west and the cities of Bozhou to the northeast, Huainan to the southeast, and Lu'an to the south.
Its population was 8,200,264 inhabitants at the 2020 census whom 2,128,538 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 3 urban districts Yingzhou, Yingdong and Yingquan.
History
Early Ruyin
Starting with the
Shuanggudui
The site of the second Lord of Ruyin's tomb, called
Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu, one of famous Eight Masters of the Tang and Song, died in 1072 in present-day Fuyang, Anhui. His influence was so great, even opponents like Wang Anshi wrote moving tributes on his behalf. Wang referred to him as the greatest literary figure of his age.
Red Turban Rebellion
In the fourteenth century,
Great Leap Forward
According to Chinese government reports in the Fuyang Party History Research Office, between the years 1959 and 1961, 2.4 million people from Fuyang died from
According to Frank Dikötter, death rates in the Fuyang region were especially high, rivaling those in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge.[7] Dikötter has summarized some of the history of exceptional violence in rural Fuyang during the Great Leap Forward, carried out by local Party members:[8]
Torture was rampant. Iron wire was used to pierce the ears of 'bad elements', while women were stripped and suspended by their hair. In the words of a leader in Jieshou county, 'their breasts were twisted until liquid oozed out'. In Linquan, the use of violence was summarised as follows by the local party boss: 'People died in tragic circumstances, being beaten and hanged to death, deprived of food or buried alive. Some were severely tortured and beaten, having their ears chopped off, their noses dug out, their mouths torn off, and so on, which often caused death. We discovered how extremely serious all of this was once we started investigating.' Murder was common. In Dahuangzhuang, a small village in Linquan, nine out of nineteen cadres had killed at least one villager during the famine. Li Fengying, a team leader, killed five people.
In some cases the violence was directly related to starvation, as in one case in Funan county in 1959:[8]
In late 1959, at the height of the famine, one of the food processing factories belonging to the local grain bureau in Funan county left bean cakes in a courtyard with the gates wide open. As starving farmers tried to pilfer the food, the gates were suddenly locked behind them. 'Some of those who were caught were forced into a grain sack that was tied at the end. Then they were beaten with iron bars. The sacks were covered in blood. Others had their faces carved by knives and then oil rubbed into the wounds.'
Since the 1980s there has been greater official Chinese recognition of the importance of policy mistakes in causing the disaster, and the Party has acknowledged that the disaster was caused mainly by gross mismanagement, using the expression, "Three parts
Blood selling
In the 1990s, commercial
As compensation for giving their blood, participants were given 50 yuan along with some food and drink.[10] Many people engaged in this practice due to rural poverty and local corruption, which placed them under great economic stress. As one woman from Fuyang recalls:[10]
We sold blood because we were poor. Wang Huaizhong was in power at that time and the government under him demanded that each farmer pay an extra agricultural tax. If you failed to pay, the officials would take away your pigs, corn, and grain. So the harvest was only good enough for a basic living. But keeping children at school was expensive. Giving out gifts every year cost a family nearly ten thousand yuan. Building rooms to bring in a wife cost thirty thousand to forty thousand yuan. But if the government did not encourage blood selling, we would not have sold blood to make money.
In a 2004 epidemiological survey of Fuyang, it was found that at least three thousand farmers had contracted HIV due to the blood trade.[10]
The Fuyang
Wang Huaizhong, who promoted blood selling in Fuyang in the early 1990s, was later promoted to deputy governor of Anhui province.
Wang Huaizhong had previously pursued the construction of
Recent events
In 2004, there was a food scandal involving fake infant formula being sold in Fuyang. Chinese state media reported that 50–60 children in Fuyang died from the formula, with the children belonging mostly to poor rural families.[16] Fuyang's mayor Liu Qingqiang was reprimanded by the Chinese Communist Party for failing to supervise food safety, while Vice Mayor Ma Mingyue was forced to resign.[17] Subsequently, 55 brands of cheap infant formula were banned after it was discovered they had only traces of the required nutrients.[17]
In early 2007, Chinese state media began reporting that in Yingquan District, a government building dubbed the "White House" was becoming controversial. The construction cost of the "White House" was reported to have reached 30 million yuan, nearly one third of the 100 million yuan annual fiscal income of the entire Yingquan district.[18] Despite being popularly deemed the "White House" (白宫), the building resembles the United States Capitol.
In 2008, it was widely reported that
In March 2008, an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease began in Fuyang, leading to 25,000 infections, and 42 deaths, by May 13.[22]
In 2017, 18 people died in a car pile-up on an expressway near Fuyang.[23]
Climate
Fuyang features a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with cool, damp winters and very hot and wet summers. Because the weather is perceived as frequently changing, a common saying among local people is that, "Fuyang has four seasons in spring."
| Climate data for Fuyang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.5 (68.9) |
27.7 (81.9) |
29.7 (85.5) |
34.3 (93.7) |
37.7 (99.9) |
39.8 (103.6) |
40.8 (105.4) |
39.0 (102.2) |
38.9 (102.0) |
34.7 (94.5) |
30.4 (86.7) |
22.9 (73.2) |
40.8 (105.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
10.1 (50.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
27.0 (80.6) |
30.8 (87.4) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
27.6 (81.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
15.7 (60.3) |
9.1 (48.4) |
20.8 (69.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.9 (35.4) |
4.9 (40.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
21.5 (70.7) |
25.7 (78.3) |
27.9 (82.2) |
26.8 (80.2) |
22.5 (72.5) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.1 (50.2) |
4.0 (39.2) |
15.7 (60.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.9 (28.6) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.4 (41.7) |
10.9 (51.6) |
16.4 (61.5) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.3 (75.7) |
23.4 (74.1) |
18.5 (65.3) |
12.3 (54.1) |
5.7 (42.3) |
0.0 (32.0) |
11.4 (52.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14.2 (6.4) |
−14.9 (5.2) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
5.9 (42.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
17.3 (63.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
8.4 (47.1) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−13.1 (8.4) |
−14.9 (5.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 28.4 (1.12) |
32.0 (1.26) |
57.1 (2.25) |
58.7 (2.31) |
87.6 (3.45) |
160.8 (6.33) |
209.2 (8.24) |
141.7 (5.58) |
79.3 (3.12) |
53.1 (2.09) |
41.6 (1.64) |
22.5 (0.89) |
972 (38.28) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.2 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 12.3 | 11.9 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 5.3 | 100.1 |
| Average snowy days | 4.1 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 9.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
72 | 71 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 81 | 83 | 78 | 73 | 72 | 71 | 74 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 111.9 | 116.3 | 151.5 | 181.7 | 185.8 | 167.9 | 175.2 | 162.6 | 144.7 | 147.5 | 137.2 | 125.8 | 1,808.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 35 | 37 | 41 | 46 | 43 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 42 | 44 | 41 | 41 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[24][25] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[26] | |||||||||||||
Administration
The
- Yingzhou District (颍州区)
- Yingdong District (颍东区)
- Yingquan District (颍泉区)
- Jieshou City (界首市)
- Taihe County (太和县)
- Linquan County (临泉县)
- Funan County (阜南县)
- Yingshang County (颍上县)
| Map | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdivision | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population ( 2020 )
|
Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| City Proper | |||||
| Yingdong District | 颍东区 | Yĭngdōng Qū | 538,187 | 677.3 | 794.6 |
| Yingquan District | 颍泉区 | Yĭngquán Qū | 598,004 | 653.5 | 915.1 |
| Yingzhou District | 颍州区 | Yĭngzhōu Qū | 992,347 | 612.0 | 1,621 |
| Rural | |||||
| Yingshang County | 颍上县 | Yĭngshàng Xiàn | 1,198,830 | 2,004 | 598.1 |
| Funan County | 阜南县 | Fùnán Xiàn | 1,183,602 | 1,817 | 651.3 |
| Linquan County | 临泉县 | Línquán Xiàn | 1,658,442 | 1,834 | 904.4 |
| Taihe County | 太和县 | Tàihé Xiàn | 1,379,982 | 1,867 | 739.1 |
| Satellite Cities | |||||
| Jieshou City | 界首市 | Jièshŏu Shì | 650,870 | 652.6 | 997.3 |
| Total | 8,200,264 | 10,118 | 810.5 | ||
Culture
Cuisine
The most notable local dish in Fuyang is Ge La Tiao (格拉条), a spicy noodle dish made with thick noodles mixed with sesame sauce, coriander, garlic, chili oil, and other ingredients. Many people native to Fuyang enjoy this dish, but some people who come to Fuyang from other areas may dislike it and find it difficult to digest.
Other notable local dishes include:
- Taihe Yangrou Banmian (太和羊肉板面): a very common noodle dish served in Fuyang. This dish includes wide, flat noodles, along with Chinese cabbage, lamb, and red chili peppers.
- Fen Ji (粉鸡): a chicken dasheenpowder, and other seasonings.
- Zhen Tou Mo (枕头馍): a type of large steamed bread, which is often compared in size and shape to a pillow.
- Tian San Juan Mo (田三卷膜): a type of
The most common type of
Transportation
Automobile
The G36 Nanjing–Luoyang Expressway goes through Fuyang, and runs from Nanjing, Jiangsu to the east, to Luoyang, Henan to the west.
Rail
Fuyang has a large railway station, and is a railway transportation hub for Anhui province. The Shangqiu-Hefei-Hangzhou High-speed Rail was opened in 2019, which serve Fuyang through the new Fuyang West railway station.[28]
Air
Flights to and from major cities in China are possible through Fuyang Airport.
Education
The city of Fuyang includes the following institutions of higher learning:[29]
- Fuyang Normal University (阜阳师范大学)
- Fuyang Vocational and Technical College (阜阳职业技术学院)
- Fuyang Vocational College of Science and Technology (阜阳科技职业学院)
Fuyang Normal University is the largest institution of higher learning in the city of Fuyang. The university has three campuses with over 21,000 students and over 1100 full-time teachers.[30]
Notable people
- Guan Zhong (?−645 BC), Spring and Autumn period politician and economist
- Lü Meng (178−219), Three Kingdoms era military general serving the Kingdom of Wu
- Ni Sichong (1868–1924), general, part of the Anhui clique until resigning in 1920 due to the disastrous defeat in the Zhili–Anhui War
- Dai Houying (1938 – 1996), novelist
- Xie Yi (1967), chemist
- Deng Linlin (1992), gymnast
Notes
- ^ "China: Ānhuī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
- ^ "《安徽统计年鉴2022》电子查阅版". tjj.ah.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2022-10-18. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-231-16184-8
- ^ a b Rowe, William. Crimson Rain: Seven Centuries of Violence in a Chinese County. 2006. p. 50
- ^ a b c d Zhou Xun. Forgotten Voices of Mao's Great Famine, 1958-1962: An Oral History. 2013. pp. 138-139, 292
- ^ Yang, Jisheng, Edward Friedman, Jian Guo, and Stacy Mosher. Tombstone: The Great Chinese Famine, 1958-1962. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012. Print. p. 312
- ^ Dikötter, Frank. Mao's Great Famine: The History of China's Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958-62. Walker & Company, 2010. p. 317
- ^ a b Dikötter, Frank. Mao's Great Famine: The History of China's Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958-62. Walker & Company, 2010. p. 319
- ^ Yang, Jisheng, Edward Friedman, Jian Guo, and Stacy Mosher. Tombstone: The Great Chinese Famine, 1958-1962. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012. Print. pp. 452-3
- ^ a b c d e f Kleinman, Arthur. Yunxiang Yan. Jing Jun. Sing Lee. Everett Zhang. Deep China: The Moral Life of the Person. 2011. pp. 88-89
- ^ "Orphanage workers ease the plight of China's AIDS children". China Human Rights.
- ^ "China - Aids Orphans Salvation Association of Fuyang (AOS)". UNESCO.
- ^ a b "Anhui vice-governor gets death penalty". China Daily. 2003-12-30. Retrieved 2015-07-10.
- ^ "Corrupt official executed for bribery". China Daily. 2004-02-12. Retrieved 2015-07-10.
- ^ "Former provincial vice-governor sentenced to death". The Age. 2003-12-30. Retrieved 2015-07-10.
- ^ Francie Grace (2004-05-10). "Arrests In Fake Baby Formula Case". CBS News.
- ^ a b Raksha Shetty (2004-06-09). "Fake Milk Powder Causes Baby Death". CBS News.
- ^ "Local officials need oversight". China Daily. 2007-01-24.
- ^ a b c "Officials investigated over petitioner's death in prison". China Daily (Xinhua). 2008-06-23.
- ^ Wang Jingqiong (2009-11-20). ""White house director" on trial for corruption".
- ^ Lan Tian (2010-02-09). "Death sentence for "White House boss"". China Daily.
- PMID 25183845.
- ^ F_126. "East China road accident death toll rises to 18 - People's Daily Online". en.people.cn.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ^ 阜阳 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
- ^ 田三卷膜.
- ^ "中部地区大动作！高铁阜阳西站开门迎客". Archived from the original on 2019-12-01. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
- ^ "List of Higher Education Institutes in Anhui Province". china.org.cn. Retrieved 2015-12-28.
- ^ "Prospectus of Fuyang Normal University". 学校简介. Fuyang Normal University. Archived from the original on 2021-10-06. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
External links
