Cilician Gates
Cilician Gates | ||
---|---|---|
Gülek Boğazı | ||
Elevation 1,050 m (3,445 ft)[1] | | |
Traversed by | O-21 / E90 | |
Location | Mersin Province, Turkey | |
Range | Taurus Mountains | |
Coordinates | 37°17′07″N 34°47′10″E / 37.28528°N 34.78611°E | |
The Cilician Gates or Gülek Pass is a pass through the Taurus Mountains connecting the low plains of Cilicia to the Anatolian Plateau, by way of the narrow gorge of the Gökoluk River. Its highest elevation is about 1000m.[2]
The Cilician Gates have been a major commercial and military artery for millennia.[3] In the early 20th century, a narrow-gauge railway was built through them, and today, the Tarsus-Ankara Highway (E90, O-21) passes through them.
The southern end of the Cilician gates is about 44 km north of Tarsus and the northern end leads to Cappadocia.
History
The distance from the Anatolian plateau to the Cilician plain is about 110 kilometres (68 mi). In ancient times, this was a journey of nearly five days. Saint Paul spoke, according to the Bible, about being in "dangers from rivers" and "dangers from robbers" (2 Cor. 11:26). This may explain why one of the world's oldest fortresses was built at the southeastern end of the Cilician Gates around 4500 BCE. The
Above the Gates to the southwest is Gülek Kalesi (Armenian: Kuklak; Arab: Kawlāk), a large fortification of considerable antiquity that retains evidence of Byzantine and Arab periods of occupation, but is primarily an Armenian construction of the 12th and 13th centuries.[5] Its circuit walls and towers at the south and west cover a distance of over 450 meters. Below the Cilician Gates is the medieval Armenian fortress of Anahşa with its large horseshoe-shaped towers and three entrances.[6] Also in the vicinity of the Gates is a fort built in the 1830s by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt during his Syrian campaign against the Ottomans.[7]
When German engineers were working on the
See also
- Battle of the Cilician Gates
- Cilicia
- Cilicia (satrapy)
- Gülek
- Caspian Gates
References
- ^ "Mersin-Coğrafya" (in Turkish). Mersin Şehir Rehberi. Retrieved March 1, 2009.[dead link]
- ^ W.L. Williams, Armenia, p. 8-11, quoted in Josephus Nelson Larned, The new Larned History for ready reference, reading and research s.v. "Armenia" full text
- ^ William Mitchell Ramsay, The historical geography of Asia Minor, 1890, passim full text
- ISBN 0-7007-1418-9.
- ^ ISBN 0-88402-163-7.
- ^ The 1979 photographic survey and a plan of Anahşa castle [1]
- ^ M. Canard, “Cilicia,” The Encyclopaedia of Islam, new edition, 1960-85, p.38.
- ^ "Trains of Turkey | Network / CilicianGates".