Gülnuş Sultan
Gülnuş Sultan | |
---|---|
Greek Orthodox |
Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan
Early life
Gülnuş Sultan was born in 1642[4] in the town of Rethymno, Crete, when the island was under Venetian rule; she was originally named Evmania Voria (Ευμενία Βόρια) and she was an ethnic Greek, the daughter of a Greek Orthodox priest.[5][a] She was captured by the Ottomans during the invasion of Crete in 1645.[5]
Time as consort
The
She accompanied Mehmed, Turhan Sultan, Prince Mustafa and Mehmed's sisters, together with a large entourage, in processions marking the Polish war in 1672 and 1673. In 1683, she joined a similar large entourage in a procession marking the siege of Vienna. Gülnus also established networks of support within the imperial court. She allied with Yusuf Agha, the chief eunuch of the imperial harem at that time. Her addition, was the administrator of the pious foundation that she founded in 1680 and provided income for a hospital and public kitchens in Mecca. Moreover, Gülnus's chamberlain, Mehter Osman Agha, was an apprentice and protégé of Yusuf Agha.[12]
Gülnus also enjoyed close relations with Feyzullah Efendi, who served as tutor to her son Mustafa. These relations still remained even after the disastrous collapse of the siege of Vienna in 1683 as a result of which his influence at the court fell sharply. Thus, in an incident dating to 1686, when he let his horse graze in the royal garden, it was decided that he had to be punished. Gülnus intervened to save him and he was assigned a new post. In 1672, Amcazade Hüseyin, nephew of Koprülü Mehmed Pasha, met Mehmed and Gülnus on the way to the Polish war. He later joined her household serving therein for an extended period and became her chief billeting officer in 1682. She also played a role in determining the careers of various statesmen, including the grand vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha. After the failure after the siege of Vienna in 1683, he was stripped of his office and executed, after a considerable lobbying effort of Gülnus and the court eunuchs. She also had influence during the vizierate of Fazil Ahmed Pasha, which rose after Kara Mustafa Pasha's execution.[13]
As Valide Sultan
First reign
She became Valide in 1695 when her older son Mustafa II became the Sultan. She held the position during the reign of two sons. When Mustafa II was dethroned in 1703 the populace blamed Gülnuş, for his preference for Edirne over Constantinople as a place of residence and for the general confusion of life in the capital.
She of course had more freedom of movement and contacts than the consorts. Quite often she accompanied her son. She visited her daughters in their palaces, took part in the wedding of her daughter Fatma Emetullah Sultan at the side of her son, visited her daughter Hatice Sultan in company of the sultan, after she had given birth to a daughter. She looked at parades, visited Eyüb, received the Grand vizier and the Şeyhüislam and accepted invitations by the Grand vizier and the Bostancıbaşı (with her son). She had hass (private domains) and a Kethüda (steward) who administered them for her. Mustafa kept close contacts with his mother, he honored her demonstratively whenever there was an occasion, he sent her information, asked for her well-being and received many, many horses as gifts from her. He even prohibited that anybody should stay in a house in Çorlu, between Constantinople and Edirne, in which his mother had spent a night.[16]
Second reign
She did have some political importance. In 1703, she was asked to confirm and approve of the succession of her other son, Ahmed III, to the throne, which she also did. Ahmed III thought it prudent to keep her out of sight until the feeling against her had died down. And so, on her return from Edirne, she went to the Old Palace for a time.
She is also attributed to having advised her son to the war with Russia in 1711. In 1709, king
Patroness of architecture
Among Gülnuş's projects was a complex of buildings which included a mosque, soup kitchen, school, fountain and tomb, built in Üsküdar. She also sponsored the transformation of a church in Galata into a mosque and building of five fountains with which clean water was finally made available to the area. She also made endowments in Edirne, Chios, Mecca, Medina, Kastamonu, and Menemen. After the reconquest of the island of Chios in 1695, a church was converted into a mosque in her name. She also constructed a fountain next to the mosque in Chios.[18]
Death
Gülnuş Sultan died on 6 November 1715 in Istanbul during the reign of her son Ahmed III just before the start of the era of prosperity and peace called the
Issue
With Mehmed IV, Gülnuş Sultan had two sons and four daughters:[20]
- Hatice Sultan (Edirne or Constantinople, c. 1660 - Edirne, 5 July 1743). She married twice and had five sons and a daughter. She was one of the longest-lived Ottoman sultanas.
- Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
- Ayşe Sultan (Constantinople or Edirne, c. 1673 - Constantinople, c. 1676). Nicknamed Küçük Sultan, that means " little princess ". At the age of two she was betrothed to Kara Mustafa Paşah, but the baby girl died shortly after and the marriage never took place.
- Ahmed III (Romania, 31 December 1673 - Constantinople, 1 July 1736). He was the first sultan to be born in the province after Suleiman I. He became the 23rd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, taking the throne after the deposition of his brother.
- Ümmügülsüm Sultan (Constantinople, c. 1677 - Constantinople, 9 May 1720). Also called Ümmi Sultan or Gülsüm Sultan. She was the favorite niece of her uncle Ahmed II, who treated her as his daughter after the deposition of her father, so much so that he kept her at court with him, unlike her sisters. She married once and had three daughters. She was buried in the Yeni Cami Mosque.
- Fatma Emetullah Sultan(Edirne or Constantinople, c. 1679 - 13 December 1700). She married twice and had two daughters.
See also
- List of Valide Sultans
- List of consorts of the Ottoman Sultans
Annotations
References
- ISBN 3-598-34296-9.)
Rabia Gülnus; Emetullah Rabia Gülnûş Sultan as wefl (c. 1642 (1052) - 6 November 1715)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ "Sultan II. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from the original on August 13, 2014. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
- ^ "Sultan III. Ahmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from the original on August 13, 2014. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
- ^ M. Orhan Bayrak (1998). İstanbul'da gömülü meşhur adamlar: VIII. yüzyıl-1998. Mezarlıklar Vakfı. p. 178.
- ^ a b c Baker 1993, p. 146.
- ^ Freely, John (2000). Inside the Seraglio: private lives of the sultans in Istanbul. Penguin. p. 163.
Mehmet had by now set up his own harem, which he took with him in his peregrinations between Topkapi Sarayi and Edirne Sarayi. His favourite was Rabia Gülnûş Ummetüllah, a Greek girl from Rethymnon.
- ^ Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ. Orientalski otdel, International Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art, and Culture (2003). Inventory of Ottoman Turkish documents about Waqf preserved in the Oriental Department at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library: Registers, Volume 1 of Inventory of Ottoman Turkish Documents about Waqf Preserved in the Oriental Department at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library, Rumen Kovachev. Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ISBN 978-9-892-32324-4.
- ISBN 978-8-809-76641-9.
- ISBN 978-0-415-46930-2.
- ^ Necdet Sakaoğlu (2007). Famous Ottoman women. Avea. p. 155.
rumor that Gulnus ordered the strangulation of Sultan's favorite concubine Gulbeyaz in Kandilli Palace, as a fact, in his book 'Kadmlar Saltanati'. Some writers stress the fact that Gulnus was a ruthless person claiming that she attempted to have her husband's brothers Suleyman and Ahmed strangled after she gave birth to her firstborn Mustafa, but that Mother Sultan Turhan had hindered these attempted murders.
- ^ Gordon & Hain 2017, p. 109-10.
- ^ Gordon & Hain 2017, p. 110.
- ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6..
- ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6..
- ^ Majer, Hans Georg (1992). The Journal of Ottoman Studies XII: The Harem of Mustafa II (1695-1703). p. 441.
- ^ a b c Herman Lindquist (in Swedish): Historian om Sverige. Storhet och Fall. (History of Sweden. Greatness and fall) 91-7263-092-2 (2000) Nordstedts förlag, Stockholm
- ^ Gordon & Hain 2017, p. 116-7.
- ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6.
- ^ Mehmed IV, in The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty; D.A. Alderson
- ISBN 975-329-299-6.
His mother was harem girl Rabia Gulniş who was of Venetian Verzini family settled in the city of Resmo in Crete.
- ISBN 978-9-754-37840-5.
Sources
- Baker, Anthony E. (1993). The Bosphorus. Redhouse Press. p. 146. ISBN 975-413-062-0.
- Gordon, Matthew S.; Hain, Kathryn A. (2017). Concubines and Courtesans: Women and Slavery in Islamic History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-190-62218-3.