Głogów
Głogów | |
---|---|
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 67-200 to 67-211 |
Area code | +48 76 |
Vehicle registration | DGL |
National roads | |
Voivodeship roads | |
Website | http://www.glogow.pl |
Głogów ([ˈɡwɔɡuf] ⓘ; German: Glogau, rarely Groß-Glogau, Czech: Hlohov, Silesian: Głogōw) is a city in western Poland. It is the county seat of Głogów County, in Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Głogów is the sixth largest town in the Voivodeship; its population in 2021 was 65,400.[1] The name of the town derives from głóg, the Polish name for hawthorn.
Among the oldest towns in Poland, Głogów was founded in the 10th century as a
Currently reconstruction works are being carried out with the aim of restoring the historic pre-war appearance of the town. The castle, which was rebuilt between 1971 and 1983, now houses the Historical and Archaeological Museum, displaying artifacts such as Lusatian burial artifacts from Wróblin Głogowski. Since 1984 the town also has been the venue for the Głogów Jazz Festival, which features local and international singers, musicians and performers.[3]
History
Polish rule
Głogów is one of the oldest towns in Poland. It was founded as a
In 1109, King
In 1180, under the rule of Władysław's II youngest son
In 1504 century, the Głogów line of the
Czech, Austrian and Prussian rule
In 1506 the duchy was incorporated into the Bohemian (Czech) Kingdom, although Polish King Sigismund I the Old still claimed the duchy before renouncing claims in 1508,
One of two main routes connecting
During the
Because the stronghold status had slowed down the city's development for many years, the citizens tried to abolish the stronghold status in the 19th century; the fortifications were only moved to the east in 1873, and finally taken down in 1902, which allowed the city to develop. After 1871, the city was part of the German Empire, within which it remained after the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.[6]
In 1939 it had 33,000 mostly German inhabitants. During World War II, the Germans established six forced labour camps in the town,[6] including a subcamp of the Nazi prison for youth in Wołów (in the present-day Paulinów district).[9] In 1942–1945, there was also a transit camp for kidnapped Polish children intended for Germanisation, and in 1944, a transit camp for Poles transported from the transit camp in Pruszków near Warsaw after the suppression of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising.[6] Many Polish resistance members were imprisoned and sentenced to prison or death in the city.[10] The city was made into a stronghold by the German government early in 1945 in the last stages of World War II. It was besieged for six weeks by the Soviet Red Army, which left 98% of the buildings completely destroyed[1].
In modern Poland
After May 1945 the city and the majority of Lower Silesia fell into the Soviet Zone of Occupation who expelled its German population in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement and began replacing them with Polish settlers who came to the once again Polish city of Głogów to find a seriously war-damaged town; it has not been fully rebuilt to this day. The town started to develop again only in 1957,[4] after a copper foundry was built there. It is still the largest industrial company in the town. In 1974, Głogów was awarded the Order of Polonia Restituta, one of the highest Polish state decorations.[11]
In 1945–1950, Głogów was part of
Landmarks
- Town Hall
- Castle of the dukes of Głogów (currently the site of an archaeological museum)
- Late Corpus ChristiChurch
- 16th century Church of St. Lawrence
- Early St. Nicholas(in ruins)
- Gothic collegiate church
- Andreas Gryphius Theatre
- Fragments of medieval city walls
- 17th century moat
- 19th century artillery tower,
- Children of Głogów Monument, commemorating the 1109 Polish defense of Głogów
- Park Leśny
Sports
The city's major sports clubs are handball team
Notable people
- Bolesław I the Tall (1127–1201), duke of Silesia
- Bolesław II the Bald(1220/25–1278), duke of Silesia
- David Cassel (1818–1893), historian and theologian
- Paulus Stephanus Cassel (1821–1892), writer and missionary
- Johannes Dümichen (1833–1894), Egyptologist
- Johann Samuel Ersch (1766–1828), bibliographer
- Johannes Fabian (born 1937), anthropologist
- Recha Freier née Schweitzer (1892–1984), founder of the Youth Aliyah organization
- Georg Gustav Fülleborn (1769–1803), philosopher and philologist.[12]
- Andreas Gryphius (1616–1664), poet and dramatist.[13]
- Hedwig of Andechs(1174–1243), wife of Duke Henry I
- Henryk I the Bearded(1163–1238), duke of Lower Silesia
- polyhistor, professor at Kraków University
- Joannes-Henricus de Franckenberg (1726–1804), archbishop of Mechelen
- Johann Hartmann (1726–1793), composer and violinist
- Poland.[14]
- Radosław Kawęcki (born 1991), swimmer
- Czesław Litwin (born 1955), politician
- Jan Kazimierz Lubomirski (1692–1737), nobleman
- Tomasz Markowski (born 1975), chess player
- Eduard Munk (1803–1871), philologist
- Salomon Munk (1803–1867), orientalist
- Ernst Christoph von Nassau, (1686–1755). Prussian Lieutenant General
- Joachim Pastorius (1611–1681), historian
- Michał Przysiężny (born 1984), tennis player
- Leopold Friedrich Raab (1721–?), violinist and composer
- Elżbieta Romanowska (born 1983), film, television and theater actress
- Felix Stern (1884–1941), neurologist, most important German investigator of the disorder "encephalitis lethargica"
- Ferdinand Thieriot (1838–1919), composer
- Arnold Zweig (1887–1968), writer
Twin towns – sister cities
- Amber Valley, United Kingdom
- Eisenhüttenstadt, Germany
- Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine
- Laholm, Sweden
- Langenhagen, Germany
- Riesa, Germany
References
- ^ a b "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 16 August 2022. Data for territorial unit 0203011.
- ^ o.o., StayPoland Sp. z. "History of Glogow". Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ^ o.o., StayPoland Sp. z. "Glogow - Tourism - Tourist Information - Glogow, Poland -". Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ^ a b c "Historia miasta". Głogów.pl (municipal website) (in Polish). Retrieved 7 February 2020.
- ^ VI, 38
- ^ a b c d e "Głogów". Encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Retrieved 7 February 2020.
- ^ "Historia Zielonej Góry i Śląska – kalendarium". Gazeta Lubuska (in Polish). Retrieved 7 February 2020.
- ^ "Informacja historyczna". Dresden-Warszawa (in Polish). Retrieved 7 February 2020.
- ^ "Außenstelle "Jugendabteilung Paulinenhof" des Jugendgefängnisses Wohlau in Paulinenhof". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ISBN 83-85003-97-5.
- ^ Wojciech Jankowski, Mały przewodnik po Polsce, Wydawnictwo Sport i Turystyka, Warszawa, 1983, p. 120 (in Polish)
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 294. .
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. XI (9th ed.). 1880. pp. 226–227. .
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 458. .
- ^ "Miasta partnerskie". glogow.pl (in Polish). Głogów. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 124. .
- Municipal website (in Polish)
- Głogów Tourist Guide
- Jewish Community in Głogów on Virtual Shtetl