GABA receptor agonist
A GABA receptor agonist is a drug that is an agonist for one or more of the GABA receptors, producing typically sedative effects, and may also cause other effects such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects.[1] There are three receptors of the gamma-aminobutyric acid. The two receptors GABA-α and GABA-ρ are ion channels that are permeable to chloride ions which reduces neuronal excitability. The GABA-β receptor belongs to the class of G-Protein coupled receptors that inhibit adenylyl cyclase, therefore leading to decreased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). GABA-α and GABA-ρ receptors produce sedative and hypnotic effects and have anti-convulsion properties. GABA-β receptors also produce sedative effects. Furthermore, they lead to changes in gene transcription.
Types
Many commonly used
General anaesthetics act primarily as PAMs of GABA-A receptor. Positive allosteric modulators work by increasing the frequency with which the chloride channel opens when an agonist binds to its own site on the GABA receptor. The resulting increase in the concentration of Cl− ions in the postsynaptic neuron immediately hyperpolarizes this neuron, making it less excitable and thus inhibiting the possibility of an action potential. However, some general anaesthetics like propofol and high doses of barbiturates may not only be positive allosteric modulators of GABA-A receptors but also direct agonists of these receptors.
GABAA
GABAA receptor ligands include:
Agonists
- Abecarnil[2]
- Barbiturates (in high doses)[3]
- Etomidate[4]
- Eszopiclone
- Bamaluzole[2]
- Fengabine[2]
- GABA
- Gabamide
- GABOB
- Gaboxadol[2]
- Ibotenic acid
- Isoguvacine
- Isonipecotic acid
- Muscimol[2]
- Phenibut
- Picamilon
- Progabide
- Propofol[4][5]
- Quisqualamine
- SL 75102
- Thiomuscimol
- Topiramate
- Zolpidem[2]
- Zopiclone
PAMs
- isopropanol)
- Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin)
- Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital)
- Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, alprazolam)
- Bromides (e.g., potassium bromide)
- Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate, carisoprodol)
- Chloral hydrate, chloralose, petrichloral, and other 2,2,2-trichloroethanol prodrugs
- Chlormezanone
- Clomethiazole
- Dihydroergolines (e.g., ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine))
- Etazepine
- Etifoxine
- 2-Substituted phenols (e.g., thymol, eugenol)
- Imidazoles (e.g., etomidate)
- Kavalactones (found in kava)
- Loreclezole
- Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone, ganaxolone)
- Nonbenzodiazepines (e.g., zaleplon, zolpidem, zopiclone, eszopiclone)
- Propofol
- Piperidinediones (e.g., glutethimide, methyprylon)
- Propanidid
- Pyrazolopyridines (e.g., etazolate)
- Quinazolinones (e.g., methaqualone)
- Skullcap constituents (e.g., Baicalein)
- Stiripentol
- Disulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane, tetronal, trional)
- Valerian constituents (e.g., valeric acid, valerenic acid)
- )
GABAB
GABAB receptor ligands include:
Agonists
- 1,4-Butanediol
- Baclofen[2]
- GABA
- Gabamide
- GABOB
- gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL)
- gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
- gamma-Hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV)
- gamma-Valerolactone(GVL)
- Lesogaberan
- Phenibut
- 4-Fluorophenibut
- Picamilon
- Progabide
- SL-75102
- Tolgabide[2]
PAMs
GABAA-ρ
GABAA-ρ receptor ligands include:
Agonists
PAMs
- alphaxolone)
References
- S2CID 207486777.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4.
- S2CID 4675696.
- ^ PMID 22104494.
- PMID 1665745.
External links
- GABA+agonists at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- MeSH list of agents 82018755