GHQ Liaison Regiment
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GHQ Liaison Regiment | |
---|---|
Active | 1939–1945 |
Country | |
Garrison/HQ | Pembroke Lodge, Richmond Park |
Nickname(s) | "Phantom" |
Engagements | Dunkirk evacuation Operation Overlord Operation Market Garden |
Commanders | |
Notable commanders | George Frederick Hopkinson Alexander (Sandy) McIntosh |
GHQ Liaison Regiment (known as Phantom) was a
History
It had its origins as the No 3 British Air Mission in France in 1939. Moving with the Belgian General Staff, its role was to report information about the Allied forward positions from Belgian GHQ to the Advanced Air Striking Force HQ so as to pinpoint the changing locations of "bomb lines". These were the battle areas not occupied by Allied troops and suitable targets for bombs and shells.[3]
In November 1939, Lieut-Col George 'Hoppy' Hopkinson was sent as a military observer to the No 3 British Air Mission and subsequently changed the method of operations to focus upon greater use of wireless communications and mobility to provide assessment from the front line. 'Phantom' the collective codename for these missions was chosen by themselves and later became an official term.
After the Dunkirk evacuation, the unit was re-formed as No 1 GHQ Reconnaissance Unit. As such, it was intended to have a key intelligence role following any Nazi invasion of Britain.[4] In January 1941, the Reconnaissance Corps was established and Phantom was re-named GHQ Liaison Regiment to avoid confusion. Phantom recruited men with various talents, linguists, drivers and mechanics – and undertook rigorous training in wireless communication and cipher.
In January 1944, the Reconnaissance Corps was absorbed into the
Operation Overlord
During Operation Overlord, in June 1944, many patrols from Phantom came to Normandy on D+1. Their task was to go around day and night to find all the British, Canadian and American units they could, marking their locations on a map, and passing the information to the main HQ.
Operation Market Garden
During Operation Market Garden, in September 1944, the only communication between the surrounded airborne troops at Arnhem and headquarters was via a Phantom patrol. This included the famous, desperate, message from Major-General Roy Urquhart that "... unless physical contact is made with us early 25 Sept...consider it unlikely we can hold out long enough ..." Two Phantom officers were subsequently awarded the Military Cross for maintaining these vital communications during the operation. Phantom units also operated with XXX Corps and with General Browning whose HQ was next to 82nd Airborne HQ in Groesbeek.
Organisation
Phantom deployed in squadrons in North West Europe, South East Europe, North Africa and Italy. Each squadron supported an Army and consisted of a squadron HQ (SHQ) and a number of patrols (one per corps and a further ten further forward of corps). Each patrol consisted of an officer, an NCO and up to nine other ranks. They were typically equipped with Norton motorcycles, Jeeps, Morris 15cwt trucks and White M3 A1 Scout cars and carried a 107 Receiver, 52 and 22 sets. The patrols either embedded with other formations or went on special missions from their Army HQs. The patrols' role was to provide collection, passage and dissemination of contemporaneous information on the progress of battle to corps HQ.
For
Officers
Famous Phantom officers included: actors Major
References
- ISBN 9780752479316.
- Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. p. 91.
- ^ Sampson, June. "Force of the Phantom". Kingston Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 January 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
- ISBN 978-1-47383-377-7.
- ^ Day, Martyn (3 March 2011). "The Phantom in Richmond Park". St Margarets community website. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ "Major Sir John Astor". The Daily Telegraph. 13 September 2000. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
- Campbell, Duncan (1 October 2010). "Sir Robert Mark obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
Further reading
- Parlour, Andy; Parlour, Sue (2003). Phantom at War: The British Army's Secret Intelligence and Communication Regiment of WWII (Hardcover ed.). Cerberus Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84145-118-3.
- ISBN 978-0-14-023924-9.