GNOME Shell
The GNOME Project | |
Initial release | April 6, 2011 |
---|---|
Stable release | 46.0[1]
/ 16 March 2024 |
Linux on the desktop | |
License | GPL-2.0-or-later |
Website | wiki |
GNOME Shell is the
GNOME Shell is written in C and JavaScript as a plugin for Mutter.
In contrast to the
History
The first concepts for GNOME Shell were created during GNOME's User Experience Hackfest 2008 in Boston.[7][8][9]
After criticism of the traditional GNOME desktop and accusations of stagnation and lacking vision,[10] the resulting discussion led to the announcement of GNOME 3.0 in April 2009.[11] Since then Red Hat has been the main driver of GNOME Shell's development.[12]
Pre-release versions of GNOME Shell were first made available in August 2009[13] and became regular, non-default part of GNOME in version 2.28 in September 2009.[14] It was finally shipped as GNOME's default user interface on April 6, 2011.[15][16]
Design
As graphical shell (graphical front-end/graphical shell/UX/UI) of the GNOME desktop environment, its design is guided by the GNOME UX Design Team.[17]
Design components
GNOME Shell Overview mode
|
The GNOME Shell comprises the following graphical and functional elements:[18]
- Top bar
- System status area
- Activities Overview
- Dash
- Window picker
- Application picker
- Search
- Notifications and messaging tray
- Application switcher
- Indicators tray (deprecated, waiting on new specification[19])
Software architecture
GNOME Wiki | |
---|---|
Projects/GnomeShell/Technology |
GNOME Shell is tightly integrated with
Features
Changes to the user interface (UI) include, but are not limited to:
- Clutter and Mutter support multi-touch gestures.[23]
- Support for HiDPI monitors.[24]
- A new Activities overview, which houses:
- A dock(called "Dash") for quickly switching between and launching applications
- A window picker, similar to macOS's Mission Control, also incorporating a workspace switcher/manager
- An application picker
- Search
- A
- "Snapping" windows to screen borders to make them fill up a half of the screen or the whole screen
- A single window button by default, Close, instead of three (configurable). Minimization has been removed due to the lack of a panel to minimize to, in favor of workspace window management. Maximization can be accomplished using the afore-mentioned window snapping, or by double-clicking the window title bar.
- A fallback mode is offered in versions 3.0–3.6 for those without hardware acceleration which offers the GNOME Panel desktop. This mode can also be toggled through the System Settings menu.[25] GNOME 3.8 removed the fallback mode and replaced it with GNOME Shell extensions that offer a more traditional look and feel.[26]
Extensibility
The functionality of GNOME Shell can be changed with
Gallery
-
GNOME Shell Overlay Mode Windows
-
GNOME Shell Overlay Mode Applications in version 3.32
Adoption
- Arch Linux dropped support of GNOME 2 in favor of GNOME 3 in its repositories in April 2011.[28]
- Fedora Linux uses GNOME Shell by default since release 15, May 2011.[29]
- Sabayon Linux uses the latest version of GNOME Shell.
- openSUSE's GNOME edition has used GNOME Shell since version 12.1 in November 2011.[30]
- Mageia 2 and later include GNOME Shell, since May 2012.[31]
- Debian 8 and later features GNOME Shell in the default desktop, since April 2015.[32][33]
- Ubuntu uses GNOME Shell by default since 17.10, October 2017, after Canonical ceased development of Unity.[36] It has been available for installation in the repositories since version 11.10.[37] An alternative flavor, Ubuntu GNOME, was released alongside Ubuntu 12.10,[38] and gained official flavor status by Ubuntu 13.04.[39]
Reception
GNOME Shell has received mixed reviews: it has been criticized for a variety of reasons, mostly related to design decisions and reduced user control over the environment. For example, users in the
Reviews have generally become more positive over time, with upcoming releases addressing many of the annoyances reported by users.[41][42]
See also
References
- ^ "46.0". March 16, 2024. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
- ^ "GNOME 3 Myths: GNOME 3.0 depends on Mono!", GNOME Live!, archived from the original on April 8, 2016, retrieved December 19, 2010
- ^ "GNOME/gnome-shell". GitHub. Archived from the original on October 27, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
C: 48.9%; JavaScript: 47.6%.
- ^ Module Statistics: gnome-shell, archived from the original on April 4, 2018, retrieved February 14, 2011
- ^ "Planning for GNOME 3.0", GNOME Live!, archived from the original on October 3, 2016, retrieved March 23, 2011
- ^ Sharma, Apoorva (March 23, 2010), "Why does Gnome-shell replace the current gnome-panel", gnome-shell-list mailing list, archived from the original on January 25, 2018, retrieved August 18, 2012
- ^ "My glimpse at Gnome-Shell". Mad for Ubuntu. Archived from the original on May 23, 2010.
- ^ "User Experience Hackfest". GNOME. October 14, 2008. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
- ^ "Timeline: The Greatest Show on Earth". Be the signal. March 15, 2011. Archived from the original on May 17, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
- ^ "gnome in the age of decadence". wingolog. June 7, 2008. Archived from the original on February 10, 2013. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
- ^ "Planning for GNOME 3.0". April 2, 2009. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
- ^ Matthew Garrett (mjg59) wrote, October 26, 2010 18:39:00 (October 26, 2010). "mjg59: Fun facts". Mjg59.livejournal.com. Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "ftp.gnome.org". Ftp.accum.se. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
- ^ "GNOME 2.28 Release Notes". GNOME. Archived from the original on October 16, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
- ^ "GNOME 2.91.x Development Series". GNOME. March 24, 2011. Archived from the original on January 6, 2014. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
- ^ "GNOME 3.0 with GNOME Shell officially launched | ITProPortal.com". Thinq.co.uk. Archived from the original on December 27, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
- ^ "GNOME UX Design Team". Archived from the original on December 26, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
- ^ "GNOME Shell Design". Archived from the original on March 16, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
- ^ "Update StatusNotifierItem/systemtray spec (#84) · Issues · xdg / xdg-specs · GitLab". GitLab. Retrieved February 12, 2023.
- ^ Kissling, Kristian (July 8, 2009), "Mutter: Window Manager in GNOME's Future", Linux Pro Magazine, archived from the original on October 12, 2018, retrieved March 23, 2011
- ^ Cutler, Paul (July 1, 2009), Behind the Scenes with Owen Taylor, archived from the original on October 26, 2016, retrieved January 16, 2016
- ^ Taylor, Owen (March 23, 2009), "Metacity, Mutter, GNOME Shell, GNOME-2.28", desktop-devel-list mailing list, archived from the original on March 16, 2012, retrieved August 18, 2012,
gnome-shell is set up as a Mutter plugin that is largely written in JavaScript
- ^ "Mutter 3.13.4 release". Archived from the original on August 9, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
- ^ "GNOME Shell 3.13.4". Archived from the original on August 9, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
- ^ Ljubunčić, Igor (April 6, 2011), Gnome 3 Fallback mode - Get your productivity back, Dedoimedo, archived from the original on November 11, 2011, retrieved November 25, 2011
- ^ "GNOME 3.7: what is happening now | Goings on". GNOME. December 5, 2012. Archived from the original on December 9, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
- ^ "Extensions", GNOME Live!, archived from the original on July 17, 2014, retrieved November 25, 2011
- ^ Bîru, Ionuț Mircea (April 30, 2011), "GNOME3 in extra", Arch Linux, archived from the original on January 3, 2012, retrieved December 4, 2011
- ^ Releases/15/FeatureList, Fedora Project, archived from the original on April 24, 2013, retrieved November 25, 2011
- OpenSuSE Project, archivedfrom the original on June 1, 2011, retrieved November 25, 2011
- ^ "Release Notes", Mageia Wiki, March 7, 2012, archived from the original on March 14, 2013, retrieved March 24, 2012
- ^ "/ packages / sid (unstable) / gnome / gnome-shell", Debian, archived from the original on May 2, 2012, retrieved July 10, 2012
- ^ "/ packages / wheezy (testing) / gnome / gnome-shell", Debian, archived from the original on July 9, 2012, retrieved July 10, 2012
- ^ "Oracle Solaris 11.4 Officially Released - Phoronix". www.phoronix.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
- ^ Coopersmith, Alan. "Using GNOME 3 in Oracle Solaris 11.4". Oracle Solaris Blog. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
- ^ "GNOME is now the Default Desktop in Ubuntu 17.10 Daily Builds". June 7, 2017. Archived from the original on July 19, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
- Ubuntu Wiki, archivedfrom the original on December 23, 2011, retrieved April 18, 2012
- ^ Andrew (October 19, 2012). "Prefer GNOME Shell? Download Ubuntu GNOME Remix 12.10 ~ Web Upd8: Ubuntu / Linux blog". Webupd8.org. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
- ^ "Introduction to Ubuntu GNOME". Archived from the original on October 15, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
- ^ Taylor, Owen (March 24, 2009), "Re: Metacity, Mutter, GNOME Shell, GNOME-2.28", desktop-devel-list mailing list, archived from the original on August 31, 2012, retrieved August 18, 2012
- ^ Wallen, Jack (March 28, 2014). "GNOME 3.10 has resurrected what was once the darling of the Linux desktop". TechRepublic. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014.
- Linux Action Show. Jupiter Broadcasting. Archivedfrom the original on March 13, 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2014.