Gadolinium(III) oxide
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Other names
gadolinium sesquioxide, gadolinium trioxide
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Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.031.861 |
EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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RTECS number
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
Gd2O3 | |
Molar mass | 362.50 g/mol |
Appearance | white odorless powder |
Density | 7.07 g/cm3 [1] |
Melting point | 2,420 °C (4,390 °F; 2,690 K) |
insoluble | |
Solubility product (Ksp)
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1.8×10−23 |
Solubility | soluble in acid |
+53,200·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Structure | |
Monoclinic
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Ia-3, No. 206, C2/m, No. 12 | |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
Warning | |
H319, H410 | |
P264, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P391, P501 | |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
Related compounds | |
Other anions
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Gadolinium(III) chloride |
Other cations
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Europium(III) oxide, Terbium(III) oxide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Gadolinium(III) oxide (archaically gadolinia) is an inorganic compound with the formula Gd2O3. It is one of the most commonly available forms of the rare-earth element gadolinium, derivatives of which are potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging.
Structure
Gadolinium oxide adopts two structures. The cubic (
Preparation and chemistry
Gadolinium oxide can be formed by thermal decomposition of the hydroxide, nitrate, carbonate, or oxalates.[4] Gadolinium oxide forms on the surface of gadolinium metal.
Gadolinium oxide is a rather basic oxide, indicated by its ready reaction with carbon dioxide to give carbonates. It dissolves readily in the common mineral acids with the complication that the oxalate, fluoride, sulfate and phosphate are very insoluble in water and may coat the grains of oxide, thereby preventing the complete dissolution.[5]
Nanoparticles of Gd2O3
Several methods are known for the synthesis of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles, mostly based on precipitation of the hydroxide by the reaction of gadolinium ions with hydroxide, followed by thermal dehydration to the oxide. The nanoparticles are always coated with a protective material to avoid the formation of larger polycrystalline aggregates.[6][7][8]
Nanoparticles of gadolinium oxide is a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A dextran-coated preparation of 20–40 nm sized gadolinium oxide particles had a relaxivity of 4.8 s−1mM−1 per gadolinium ion at 7.05 T (an unusually high field compared to the clinically used MRI scanners which mostly range from 0.5 to 3 T).[6] Smaller particles, between 2 and 7 nm, were tested as an MRI agent.[7][8]
References
- ISBN 0-07-049439-8.
- ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
- PMID 11848940.
- ISBN 0-470-01006-1p. 6
- ^ Yost, D.M, Russell, H. Jr., Garner, C.S. The Rare-Earth Elements and their Compounds, Wiley, 1947.
- ^ PMID 16554221.
- ^ PMID 17397154.
- ^ S2CID 23259790.