List of bagpipes

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Gaita (bagpipe)
)

Northern Europe

Ireland

  • Uilleann pipes: Also known as Union pipes and Irish pipes, depending on era. Bellows-blown bagpipe with keyed or un-keyed 2-octave chanter, 3 drones and 3 regulators. The most common type of bagpipes in Irish traditional music.
  • Great Highland Bagpipe became standard. The Warpipe differed from the latter only in having a single tenor drone. Irish warpipes fell out of use for centuries due to the British outlawing them; whence the Scottish bagpipes took the place of the Irish bagpipes role in the British army. Warpipes today are rarer specialty instruments in military and civilian pipe bands, or private players.[2]
  • Brian Boru bagpipes: Carried by the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and had three drones, one of which was a baritone, pitched between bass and tenor. Unlike the chanter of the Great Highland Bagpipe, its chanter is keyed, allowing for a greater tonal range.
  • Pastoral pipes: Although the exact origin of this keyed, or un-keyed chanter and keyed drones (regulators), pipe is uncertain, it developed into the modern uilleann bagpipe.

Scotland

  • Great Highland Bagpipe
    : This is perhaps the world's best-known bagpipe. It is native to Scotland. It has acquired widespread recognition through its usage in the British military and in pipe bands throughout the world. The bagpipe is first attested in Scotland around 1400, having previously appeared in European artwork in Spain in the 13th century. The earliest references to bagpipes in Scotland are in a military context, and it is in that context that the Great Highland bagpipe became established in the British military and achieved the widespread prominence it enjoys today.
  • African blackwood
    like Highland pipes. Some makers have developed fully chromatic chanters.
  • Scottish smallpipes: a modern re-interpretation of an extinct instrument.
  • Pastoral pipes: Although the exact origin of this keyed, or un-keyed chanter and keyed drones (regulators), pipe is uncertain, it developed into the modern uilleann bagpipe.
  • Shetland Islands
    by the Vikings, though not clearly historically attested.

England and Wales

  • English bagpipes: with the exception of the Northumbrian smallpipes, no English bagpipes maintained an unbroken tradition. However, various other English bagpipes have been reconstructed by Jonathan Swayne and Julian Goodacre.
Kathryn Tickell playing a "16 keyed" Northumbrian smallpipe.

Finland

  • Säkkipilli: The Finnish bagpipes died out but have been revived since the late 20th century by musicians such as Petri Prauda.
  • Pilai: a Finnish bagpipe, described in 18th century texts as similar to the Ukrainian volynka.

Estonia

Latvia

  • Dūdas: Latvian bagpipe, with single reed chanter and one drone.

Lithuania

Piper playing Lithuanian bagpipes
  • Dūdmaišis, or murenka, kūlinė, Labanoro dūda. A bagpipe native to Lithuania, with a single reed chanter and one drone.

Sweden

Traditional Swedish bagpipes, säckpipa, made by Leif Eriksson
  • Säckpipa: Also the Swedish word for "bagpipe" in general, the name is commonly used for the revived Swedish bagpipe, based on surviving säckpipor of the Dalarna region. It has a cylindrical bore and a single reed, and usually a single drone in the same pitch as the bottom note of the chanter. There are around 20 surviving historical instruments in various museums and private collections.
  • Walpipe, according to some 19th century anglophone sources a type of bagpipe used alongside "the Sakpipe" in Lapland during the 18th and 19th centuries. The only known description,[4] as well as the name, in addition to it not being mentioned in any Swedish sources, suggests it's not a bagpipe but another name for the Swedish cowhorn.

Southern Europe

Italy

  • Zampogna (also called ciaramella, ciaramedda, or surdullina depending on style and or region): A generic name for an Italian bagpipe, with different scale arrangements for doubled chanters (for different regions of Italy), and from zero to three drones (the drones usually sound a fifth, in relation to the chanter keynote, though in some cases a drone plays the tonic).
  • Emilia), Veneto and bordering regions of Switzerland such as Ticino. A single chantered, single drone instrument, with double reeds, often played in accompaniment to a shawm, or piffero
    .
  • Genova and Piacenza
    .
  • Baghèt: similar to the piva, played in the region of Bergamo, Brescia and, probably, Veneto.
  • Surdelina: a double-chantered, bellows-blown pipe from Naples, with keys on both chanters and drones
  • Launeddas: is a typical pipe from Sardinia but it is characterised by the absence of bags: the mouth works as bag.

Malta

Greece

The ancient name of bagpipes in Greece is Askavlos (Askos Ασκός means wine skin, Avlos Αυλός is the pipe)

  • Askomandoura (Greek: ασκομαντούρα): a double-chantered bagpipe used in Crete
  • Tsampouna (Greek: τσαμπούνα): Greek Islands bagpipe with a double chanter. One chanter with five holes the second with 1,3 or 5 depending on the island. The tsambouna has no drone as the second chanter replaces the drone.
  • Gaida (Greek: γκάιντα): a single-chantered bagpipe with a long separate drone, played in many parts of Mainland Greece. The main center is Thrace, especially around the town of Didymoteicho in the Northern Evros area. In the area of Drama (villages of Kali Vrisi and Volakas) a higher pitched gaida is played. Around Pieria and Olympus mountain (Rizomata and Elatochori) another type of gaida is played. Each of these regions have their distinct sound, tunes and songs.[6]
  • Dankiyo or Tulum: traditional double-chantered bagpipes played by Pontic Greeks

North Macedonia

Gaida (pronounced guy'-da) also known as meshnica (Macedonian: мешница) is the Macedonian name of the bagpipe (Macedonian: гајда). It's a folk musical wind instrument composed of a bag (Macedonian: мев), with three or four tubes for blowing and playing. The Macedonian bagpipe can be two-voiced or three-voiced, depending on the number of drone elements. The most common are the two-voiced bagpipes. The three-voiced bagpipes have an additional small drone pipe called slagarche (pronounced slagar'-che) (Macedonian: слагарче). They can be found in certain parts of Macedonia, most of them in Ovče Pole (Macedonian: Овчеполието).[7] On the territory of Macedonia, there are two variants of the placement of the elements:

  • The first variant, which is the most widespread, is when the blow pipe and the drone are place of the front legs, and the chanter goes at the head. The small drone goes between the blow pipe and the drone slightly towards the chanter.
  • The second variant is found only in Radoviš and differs from the first in that the drone goes at the animal head while the chanter and the blow pipe are inserted at the legs. The small drone goes between the two legs.[8]
Macedonian bagpiper ГАЈДАЏИЈА

All bags for these types a bagpipes are made usually from the entire skin of a goat or sheep. The use of donkeyskin has also been reported in the past.

Central and Eastern Europe

Serbian
bagpiper

Poland

Dudy wielkopolskie (man) and Kozioł czarny (woman)
  • Dudy is the generic term for Polish bagpipes,[9] though since the 19th century they are usually referred to as kobza due to the confusion with koza and the relative obscurity of kobza proper in Poland. They are used in folk music of Podhale (koza), Żywiec Beskids and Cieszyn Silesia (dudy and gajdy), and mostly in Greater Poland, where there are four types of bagpipes:
    • Dudy wielkopolskie, "Greater Polish bagpipes", with two subtypes: Rawicz-Gostyń and Kościan-Buk;
    • Kozioł biały
      (weselny)      , "white (wedding) buck (used during wesele, the lay part of the wedding)";
    • Kozioł czarny
      ((do)ślubny)      , "black (wedding) buck (used during ślub, the religious part of the wedding)";
    • Sierszeńki, "hornets", a bladder pipe used as a goose (practice pipes).

The Balkans

Belarus

Russia

Finno-Ugric Russia

Turkic Russia

Ukraine

Western Europe

France

The boha of Gascony
A Bagpipe Player is playing a Marktsackpfeife with four drones in Germany.

Spain and Portugal

Gaita is a generic term for "bagpipe" in

toponym to the respective gaita name. Most of them have a conical chanter with a partial second octave, obtained by overblowing
. Folk groups playing these instruments have become popular in recent years, and pipe bands have been formed in some traditions.

A piper with his gaita sanabresa
Old handmade Gaita Coimbrã. 1930, Armando Leça.

Germany

  • Dudelsack: German bagpipe with two drones and one chanter. Also called Schäferpfeife (shepherd pipe) or Sackpfeife. The drones are sometimes fit into one stock and do not lie on the player's shoulder but are tied to the front of the bag. (see: de:Schäferpfeife
    )
  • Marktsackpfeife: a bagpipe reconstructed from medieval depictions
  • Huemmelchen: small bagpipe with the look of a small medieval pipe or a Dudelsack.
  • Dudy or kozoł (Lower Sorbian kózoł) are large types of bagpipes (in E flat) played among the (originally) Slavic-speaking Sorbs of Eastern Germany, near the borders with both Poland and the Czech Republic; smaller Sorbian types are called dudki or měchawa (in F). Yet smaller is the měchawka (in A, Am) known in German as Dreibrümmchen. The dudy/kozoł has a bent drone pipe that is hung across the player's shoulder, and the chanter tends to be curved as well.

The Low Countries

  • Pieter Brueghel the Elder
    ; died out, but revived in the late 20th century.
  • Hainaut province of Wallonia, in southern Belgium, and previously known down into the north of France as far as Picardy

Switzerland

  • Schweizer Sackpfeife (Swiss bagpipe): In Switzerland, the Sackpfiffe was a common instrument in the folk music from the Middle Ages to the early 18th century, documented by iconography and in written sources. It had one or two drones and one chanter with double reeds.

Austria

  • Bock (literally, male goat): a bellows-blown pipe with large bells at the end of the single drone and chanter

West Asia

Turkey

Pontic bagpipe/dankiyo/tulum consist of: 1. Post - Skin (bag): Animal Skin, 2. Fisaktir - blowpipe: Wood or Bone, 3. Avlos - flute: Wood & Reeds, 4 . Kalame - Reeds: Reeds

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Georgia

  • Gudastviri (Georgian: გუდასტვირი): A double-chantered horn-tipped bagpipe played in Georgia. Also called a chiboni or stviri.

Iran

  • Ney anban (Persian: نی انبان): a droneless double-chantered pipe played in Southern Iran

Bahrain

  • Jirba (جربة): a type of double-chantered droneless bagpipe, primarily played by the ethnic Iranian minority of Bahrain.

Arabian Peninsula

  • Great Highland Bagpipes played in Oman
    .

North Africa

The Tunisian mizwad

Egypt

Libya

  • Arabic
    : زكرة): famous in Libya bagpipe with a double-chanter terminating in two cow horns.

Tunisia

Algeria

South Asia

India

Non-traditional bagpipes

References

  1. ^ "The history of Ireland by Geoffrey Keating | Ireland". 1902.
  2. ^ "Achill Property".
  3. ISBN 978-1-85022-070-1
    .
  4. ^ "Society of Antiquaries Collections Online | SAL/02/011/043". collections.sal.org.uk. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  5. JSTOR 841372
    .
  6. ^ "gaida (bagpipe) in Greece : γκάιντα στην Ελλάδα : gaida (Dudelsack) in Griecheland : gaida Yunanistan'da". www.gaida.gr. Retrieved 2015-11-11.
  7. ^ "Доц. м-р Горанчо Ангелов - НЕКОИ ТОНСКИ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ КАЈ ГАЈДАТА" (PDF).
  8. ^ "Доц. м-р Горанчо Ангелов - МУЗИЧКИОТ ИНСТРУМЕНТ ГАЈДА И НЕЈЗИНИТЕ ТОНСКИ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ" (PDF).
  9. ^ Dudy grają
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