Gaius Marius (consul 82 BC)

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Gaius Marius the Younger
)
Gaius Marius
Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella
Personal details
Bornc. 110 BC[1]
Died82 BC
Praeneste
Spouse(s)Licinia (c. 92 BC)
Mucia Tertia[2](c. 82 BC)
Parent(s)Gaius Marius and Julia
Military service
AllegianceRome
Marians
Battles/wars

Gaius Marius "the Younger" (c. 110 BC – 82 BC)

Praeneste, after his defeat by Sulla and during the city's capture by Quintus Lucretius Afella.[4]

Biography

Marius the Younger was the son

Social War, he served under Lucius Porcius Cato, which one source claims Marius killed at the Battle of Fucine Lake over Cato's claims that Cato's achievements were on par with the elder Marius's victory over the Cimbri.[9] Seeking to strengthen his political alliances, the elder Marius married his son to Licinia, a daughter of Lucius Licinius Crassus.[10]

Due to the political turmoil launched by his father in 88 BC to strip his rival

Lucius Cornelius Sulla of command of the Roman forces in the First Mithridatic War, the younger Marius accompanied his father into exile when Sulla unexpectedly marched on Rome, forcing them both to flee.[11] At Ostia, young Marius went on ahead of his father and sailed to Africa.[12] There he went to the court of Hiempsal II of Numidia to seek his help against Sulla, but the king decided to hold him captive instead.[13] He managed to escape with the help of one of Hiempsal's concubines whom the young Marius had seduced.[14] He then joined up with his father who had also come to Africa, and they escaped to the Kerkennah Islands.[citation needed
]

Learning of

plebeian tribune and sending his head to the newly installed consuls, while having another tribune thrown from the heights of the Capitoline Hill. He also banished two praetors, ordering that neither should receive fire or water from any Roman citizen.[16] When his father died of natural causes shortly after taking office, the young Marius assumed leadership of his father's adherents and clients, although overall control of the Marian faction was held by Cinna,[17] who was elected consul for consecutive years until his death in 84 BC. The young Marius is said[by whom?] to have lacked his father's charisma and sought to achieve popularity on the family name.[citation needed
]

Marius minor was elected consul for 82 BC and deployed on the frontiers of Latium to oppose Sulla, who had conquered the southern part of Italy after landing in

Brundisium the prior year.[8][b] This was a political move by Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, his consular colleague and the new leader of the Marians after Cinna died, to drum up popular support and enthusiasm for the war against Sulla; Marius was much too young and had not held the prerequisite magistracies to be a legally elected consul.[18] Two talented and better-qualified men among the Marian faction, his cousin Marius Gratidianus and Quintus Sertorius, were passed over in favor of the younger Marius "in the interest of unity".[19] Many of the old veterans from the elder Marius's former armies came out of retirement and flocked to the younger Marius's side, and, by the battle of Sacriportus, his army numbered eighty-five cohorts.[20]

At the

Praeneste, along with the treasury of the Capitoline temple.[5] Sulla's lieutenant Quintus Lucretius Afella, conducted the siege,[21] throttling the town with a ring of rapidly constructed earth and tuff barricades.[citation needed
]

After his defeat, Marius gave orders to allies in Rome to kill a number of Sullan supporters before Rome was captured by Sulla,[18] including his father-in-law, Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex,[22] the ex-consul Lucius Domitius, Publius Antistius and Gaius Carbo.[23] Although both Gnaeus Papirius Carbo and Lucius Junius Brutus Damasippus attempted to break the siege, they were unsuccessful, with relief forces being intercepted and destroyed en route.[24] After receiving news of Sulla's victory at the Battle of the Colline Gate, Marius made one final attempt to escape, this time by digging a tunnel under the walls, but the attempt was uncovered. Marius committed suicide so as not to fall into enemy hands.[5][4]

In 45 BC, a man referred to as Pseudo-Marius appeared in Rome, claiming to be the son of the younger Marius.[25]

Notes

  1. ^ He is sometimes said to be adopted,[5] on the basis of Appian, who first describes him as the son of the great Marius, but in a subsequent passage, says the consul of 82 was the general's nephew.[6] No other ancient sources suggest that the younger Marius was adopted.
  2. Chronography of 354, the consul for this year is recorded as Marius’s cousin, Marcus Marius Gratidianus.[citation needed][undue weight?
    ]

References

  1. ^ a b c Badian, Ernst (2012). "Marius (RE 15) (2), Gaius". Oxford Classical Dictionary. p. 900.
  2. ^ Plutarch, Life of Marius, 35.6-7
  3. ^ Duncan 2017, p. 235.
  4. ^ a b Duncan 2017, p. 242.
  5. ^ a b c Smith 1867, p. 959.
  6. ^ Appian 1913, 62, 87.
  7. Marcus Velleius Paterculus
    , Compendium of Roman History, ii. 26.
  8. ^ a b Smith 1867, p. 953.
  9. .
  10. .
  11. ^ Duncan 2017, p. 199.
  12. ^ Smith 1867, pp. 956–7.
  13. ^ Smith 1867, p. 957.
  14. ^ Smith 1867, p. 958.
  15. ^ Smith 1867, pp. 957–8.
  16. ^ Dio, 30–35, fr. 102, 12
  17. ^ Duncan 2017, p. 216.
  18. ^ a b Duncan 2017, p. 237.
  19. .
  20. ^ Hildinger 2002, p. 206.
  21. ^ Broughton, pg. 68
  22. ^ Plutarch, Life of Marius, 35.6-7
  23. ^ Broughton, pg. 67
  24. ^ Duncan 2017, p. 240.
  25. ^ Cicero, Letters to Atticus xii. 49, xiv. 6–8; Cicero, Philippicae i. 2; Valerius Maximus, ix. 15. § 2; Appian, Civil Wars iii. 2, 3; Livy, Epit. 116; Nicolaus of Damascus, Life of Augustus c. 14. p. 258, ed. Coraes.

Sources

Preceded by Roman consul
82 BC
With: Gnaeus Papirius Carbo
Succeeded by
Gn. Cornelius Dolabella