Galatia

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the ancient portion of Anatolia. For Galatai, see Gaul. For other uses, see Galatia (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Galicia or Galatea.
Galatia
Ancient region of Anatolia
Roman province
Galatia

Galatia (

Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC. It has been called the "Gallia" of the East.[1]

Geography

Galatia was bounded on the north by Bithynia and Paphlagonia, on the east by Pontus and Cappadocia, on the south by Cilicia and Lycaonia, and on the west by Phrygia. Its capital was Ancyra (i.e. Ankara, today the capital of modern Turkey).

Areas of Galatian settlement in the 3rd and early 2nd centuries BC

Celtic Galatia

Main article: Galatians (people)
Celts in Europe

The terms "Galatians" came to be used by the Greeks for the three Celtic peoples of Anatolia: the

Trocmii, and the Tolistobogii.[2][3] By the 1st century BC, the Celts had become so Hellenized that some Greek writers called them Hellenogalatai (Ἑλληνογαλάται).[4][5] The Romans called them Gallograeci.[5] Though the Celts had, to a large extent, integrated into Hellenistic Asia Minor, they preserved their linguistic and ethnic identity.[2]

By the 4th century BC, the Celts had penetrated into the

Asia Minor.[11]

The Dying Gaul, Capitoline Museums, Rome

For several years, a federation of Hellespontine cities, including

Cyzikus, Ilion, Didyma, Priene, Thyatira and Laodicea on the Lycus, while the citizens of Erythras paid them ransom. Either in 275 or 269 BC, Antiochus' army faced the Galatians somewhere on the plain of Sardis in the Battle of Elephants. In the aftermath of the battle, the Celts then settled in northern Phrygia, a region that eventually came to be known as Galatia.[12]

The territory of Celtic Galatia included the cities of

Gordion.[13]

Roman Galatia

Main article: Galatia (Roman province)

Upon the death of

Monumentum Ancyranum), as a sign of fidelity. It was on the walls of this temple in Galatia that the major source for the Res Gestae
of Augustus were preserved for modernity. Few of the provinces proved more enthusiastically loyal to Rome.

Gomer to Galatia (or perhaps to Gaul in general): "For Gomer founded those whom the Greeks now call Galatians, [Galls], but were then called Gomerites."[16] Others have related Gomer to Cimmerians
.

Paul the Apostle visited Galatia in his missionary journeys,[17] and wrote to the Christians there in the Epistle to the Galatians.

Although originally possessing a strong

language
(Comentarii in Epistolam ad Galatos, 2.3, composed c. 387).

In an administrative reorganisation (c. 386–395), two new provinces succeeded it, Galatia Prima and Galatia Secunda or Salutaris, which included part of Phrygia. The fate of the Galatian people is a subject of some uncertainty, but they seem ultimately to have been absorbed into the Greek-speaking populations of Anatolia.

Gallery

  • A Galatian's head as depicted on a gold Thracian objet d'art, 3rd century BC. Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
    A Galatian's head as depicted on a gold Thracian objet d'art, 3rd century BC.
    Istanbul Archaeological Museum
    .
  • Galatian bronze horse bit, 3rd century BC, Hidirsihlar tumulus, Bolu. Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
    Galatian bronze horse bit, 3rd century BC, Hidirsihlar tumulus, Bolu. Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
  • Galatian bracelets and earrings, 3rd century BC, Hidirsihlar tumulus, Bolu. Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
    Galatian bracelets and earrings, 3rd century BC, Hidirsihlar tumulus, Bolu. Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
  • Galatian torcs, 3rd century BC, Hidirsihlar tumulus, Bolu. Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
    Galatian torcs, 3rd century BC, Hidirsihlar tumulus, Bolu. Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
  • Galatian plate, 3rd century BC, Hidirsihlar tumulus, Bolu. Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
    Galatian plate, 3rd century BC, Hidirsihlar tumulus, Bolu. Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
  • Galatian object, 3rd century BC, Hidirsihlar tumulus, Bolu. Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
    Galatian object, 3rd century BC, Hidirsihlar tumulus, Bolu. Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
  • Part of a 15th-century map showing Galatia.
    Part of a 15th-century map showing Galatia.

See also

References

  1. ^ Larned, Josephus Nelson (1894). El Dorado-Greaves. C. A. Nichols Company. p. 1409.
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-984653-5
    . Retrieved 2018-05-15.
  3. ISBN 978-0-415-11037-2
    . Galatai was the Greek word used for the Celts from beyond the Rhine who invaded regions of Macedonia, Greece, Thrace and Asia Minor in the period 280-275 BCE
  4. ^ See Diod.5.32-3; Just.26.2. Cf. Liv.38.17; Strabo 13.4.2.
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-90-04-14291-6
    .
  6. Periplus of Scylax
    (18-19)
  7. ^ See Diod. 16, 94, 3
  8. ISBN 978-0-8478-2193-8
    .
  9. ^ See also Strabo, vii, 3, 8.
  10. ^ Justin, xx, 4, 9; Xen., Hell., vii, 1, 20, 31; Diod., xv, 70. For a full discussion see Henri Hubert, The Rise of the Celts, 1966 pp. 5-6
  11. ISBN 978-0-19-875293-6
    .
  12. ^ Sartre 2006, pp. 128–129, 77.
  13. ISBN 978-0-8066-2166-1
    .
  14. ^ It appears Amyntas was quite prodigious in striking coins for his various exploits (with his title as King) —Asia Minor Coins – Amyntas
  15. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Galatia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 393–394.
  16. ^ Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews, I:6.
  17. ^ Acts 16:6 and Acts 18:23
  18. ^ Galatia

Notes

External links

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