Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1

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Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1
Transmission electron micrograph of virions
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom:
Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Peploviricota
Class: Herviviricetes
Order: Herpesvirales
Family:
Orthoherpesviridae
Genus: Iltovirus
Species:
Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1
Synonyms
  • Avian herpesvirus 1
  • Gallid herpesvirus 1
  • Avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV)
Genomic information
NCBI genome IDNC_006623
Genome size148,687 nucleotides
Year of completion2005[1]

Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1) is a species of virus in the order

which?][4]

Taxonomy

Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 is classified in the genus Iltovirus. The only other species in this genus, and therefore its closest known relative, is

Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 1, which affects parrots.[2]

There are two other herpesviruses that affect chickens:

Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (cause of Marek's disease) and Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3. Both of these are in a separate genus to Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1; Mardivirus, which is united with Iltovirus under the same subfamily; Alphaherpesvirinae.[2]

Pathology

Transmission

GaHV-1 is shed in respiratory secretions and transmitted by droplet inhalation or via fomites. A previously unexposed flock will develop cases for two to eight weeks following introduction. The incubation period is two to eight days.[3]

Clinical signs and diagnosis

Uninfected domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus); a typical host

Symptoms include coughing, sneezing, head shaking, lethargy, discharge from the eyes and nostrils (sometimes bloody), and difficulty breathing. The name comes from the severe inflammation of the

trachea. A diphtheritic membrane may form in the trachea, causing obstruction. There may be problems in egg laying and the production of abnormal or thin-shelled eggs. Mortality is typically less than 15 percent.[4]

Histopathology, PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescent staining, and viral isolation are all possible methods of diagnosis.

Treatment and control

A vaccine is available (

QI01AD08 (WHO
)), but it is susceptible to undesired recombination and it does not prevent latent infections. It can be used during an outbreak to decrease morbidity and deaths.

A confirmed case will usually result in the establishment of a

disinfection
are very important in controlling the spread of an outbreak.

References

  1. ^ Thureen and Keeler (2005). "Gallid herpesvirus 1, complete genome". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  2. ^ a b c "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  3. ^
    ISBN 0-12-253056-X
    .
  4. ^ a b Carter, G.R.; Flores, E.F.; Wise, D.J. (2006). "Herpesviridae". A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology. Retrieved 2006-06-10.

Further reading

External links

Wikispecies has information related to Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1.
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