Galvanization
Galvanization or galvanizing (
Protective action
The zinc coating, when intact, prevents corrosive substances from reaching the underlying iron.[3] Additional electroplating such as a chromate conversion coating may be applied to provide further surface passivation to the substrate material.[4]
History and etymology
The process is named after the Italian physician, physicist, biologist and philosopher Luigi Galvani (9 September 1737 – 4 December 1798). The earliest known example of galvanized iron was discovered on 17th-century Indian armour in the Royal Armouries Museum collection in the United Kingdom.[5]
The term "galvanized" can also be used metaphorically of any stimulus which results in activity by a person or group of people.[6]
In modern usage, the term "galvanizing" has largely come to be associated with zinc coatings, to the exclusion of other metals. Galvanic paint, a precursor to
Methods
Thermal diffusion galvanizing, or
Eventual corrosion
Galvanized steel can last for many decades if other supplementary measures are maintained, such as
Galvanized construction steel
This is the most common use for galvanized metal, and hundreds of thousands of tons of steel products are galvanized annually worldwide. In developed countries most larger cities have several galvanizing factories, and many items of steel manufacture are galvanized for protection. Typically these include: street furniture, building frameworks, balconies, verandahs, staircases, ladders, walkways, and more. Hot dip galvanized steel is also used for making steel frames as a basic construction material for steel frame buildings.[12]
Galvanized piping
In the early 20th century, galvanized piping replaced previously-used cast iron and lead in cold-water plumbing. Typically, galvanized piping rusts from the inside out, building up layers of plaque on the inside of the piping, causing both water pressure problems and eventual pipe failure. These plaques can flake off, leading to visible impurities in water and a slight metallic taste. The life expectancy of galvanized piping is about 40–50 years,[13] but it may vary on how well the pipes were built and installed. Pipe longevity also depends on the thickness of zinc in the original galvanizing, which ranges on a scale from G01 to G360.[14]
See also
- Electroplating
- Aluminized steel
- Cathodic protection
- Corrugated galvanized iron
- Galvanic corrosion
- Galvannealed – galvanization and annealing
- Prepainted metal
- Rust
- Rustproofing
- Sendzimir process
- Sherardizing
- Corrosion
- Sacrificial metal
- Corrosion engineering
References
- Cambridge English Dictionary. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
- ^ "Galvanizing - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
- ^ "How to Galvanize Metal to Protect Pipes". www.appmfg.com. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ISSN 0013-4686.
- Bradford University.
- ISBN 0 19 861218-4.
- ^ Sorel, M. (1838). "Specification of a Patent for a process for protecting articles made of Iron or Steel from oxidation". Journal of the Franklin Institute (Philadelphia, Pa.). Pergamon Press.
- ^ "Steel Selection". American Galvanizers Association. Archived from the original on 21 August 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-8247-8340-2.
- ISBN 978-0-85709-652-4.
- ^ "Atmospheric Resistance". Galvanising Association (UK). Archived from the original on 2014-02-22.
- ^ marshall (2019-10-11). "Galvanized Steel: Types, Uses, Benefits". National Material Company – Steel Processing Facilities. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
- ^ Biard & Crockett (2016-05-16). "How Long Will My Galvanized Pipes Last?". Biard & Crockett. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
- ^ American Galvanizers Association. "Zinc Coatings" (PDF). courtgalvanizinginc.com.
External links
- I.Yu. Pchelintseva; A.N. Pchelintsev; Yu.V. Litovka (2021). "Modeling of metal distribution when coating flat metal plates in electroplating baths". International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields. 34 (2): e2830. doi:10.1002/jnm.2830.