Galveston, Texas
Galveston, Texas | ||
---|---|---|
FIPS code 48-28068 | | |
GNIS feature ID | 1377745[5] | |
Website | galvestontx.gov |
Galveston (/ˈɡælvɪstən/ GAL-vis-tən) is a coastal resort city and port off the Southeast Texas coast on Galveston Island and Pelican Island in the U.S. state of Texas. The community of 211.31 square miles (547.3 km2), with a population of 53,695 at the 2020 census,[6] is the county seat of surrounding Galveston County and second-largest municipality in the county. It is also within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area at its southern end on the northwestern coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
Galveston, or Galvez's town, was named after 18th-century Spanish military and political leader
During the 19th century, Galveston became a major U.S. commercial center and one of the largest ports in the United States. It was, for a time, Texas' largest city, known as the "Queen City of the Gulf". It was devastated by the unexpected Galveston Hurricane of 1900, whose effects included massive flooding and a storm surge which nearly wiped out the town. The natural disaster on the exposed barrier island is still ranked today as the deadliest in United States history, with an estimated death toll between 6,000 and 12,000 people. The city subsequently reemerged during the Prohibition era of 1919–1933 as a leading tourist hub and a center of illegal gambling, nicknamed the Free State of Galveston until this era ended in the 1950s with subsequent other economic and social development.
Much of Galveston's economy is centered in the
History
Exploration and 19th-century development
Indigenous inhabitants of Galveston Island called the island Auia.
The island first permanent European settlements were constructed around 1816 by the
In 1825 the
In 1839, the City of Galveston adopted a charter and was incorporated by the Congress of the Republic of Texas.[16][17] The city was by then a burgeoning port of entry and attracted many new residents in the 1840s and later among the flood of German immigrants to Texas, including Jewish merchants.[18] Together with ethnic Mexican residents, these groups tended to oppose slavery, support the Union during the Civil War, and join the Republican Party after the war.
During this expansion, the city had many "firsts" in the state, with the founding of institutions and adoption of inventions: post office (1836), naval base (1836), Texas chapter of a
During the
After the Civil War, Galveston mandated street improvements and construction standards. The city required property owners facing commercial streets to construct and maintain sidewalks of wooden planks or bricks, or pay an assessment to the city for the construction of the same. During the same period, the city drew a boundary known as a "fire zone," within which new buildings could not be constructed of wood.[24]
In 1867 Galveston suffered a yellow fever epidemic; about 1800 people died in the city.[25] These occurred in waterfront and river cities throughout the 19th century, as did cholera epidemics.
The city's progress continued through the
During the post–Civil War period, leaders such as George T. Ruby and
By the end of the 19th century, the city of Galveston had a population of 37,000. Its position on the natural harbor of
Hurricane of 1900 and recovery
On September 8, 1900, the island was struck by a devastating
The city developed the city commission form of
Despite attempts to draw investment to the city after the hurricane, Galveston never returned to its levels of national importance or prosperity. Development was also hindered by the construction of the Houston Ship Channel, which brought the Port of Houston into competition with the natural harbor of the Port of Galveston for sea traffic. Finally, the Seawall itself created an insurmountable problem: passive erosion resulting in the gradual disappearance of the once-wide beach and the resort business with it. "Within twenty years, the city had lost one hundred yards of sand. People who once watched auto racing on a wide beach were left with a narrow strip of sand at low tide and a gloomy vista of waves on rocks when the tide was high."[38]
To further her recovery, and rebuild her population, Galveston actively solicited
Though the storms stalled economic development and the city of Houston developed as the region's principal metropolis, Galveston economic leaders recognized the need to diversify from the traditional port-related industries. In 1905
During the 1920s and 1930s, the city re-emerged as a major tourist destination.[44][45] Under the influence of Sam Maceo and Rosario Maceo, the city exploited the prohibition of liquor and gambling in clubs like the Balinese Room, which offered entertainment to wealthy Houstonians and other out-of-towners. Combined with prostitution, which had existed in the city since the Civil War, Galveston became known as the "sin city" of the Gulf.[46] Galvestonians accepted and supported the illegal activities, often referring to their island as the "Free State of Galveston".[47][48] The island had entered what would later become known as the "open era".[49]
The 1930s and 1940s brought much change to the Island City. During
After World War II
The end of the war drastically reduced military investment in the island. Increasing enforcement of gambling laws and the growth of
In 1947, buildings in the city were damaged when a ship carrying 2,200 tons of ammonium nitrate exploded at the nearby Port of Texas City, in what became known as the Texas City disaster.[55]
The island's economy began a long stagnation. Many businesses relocated off the island during this period, but health care, insurance, and financial industries continue to be strong contributors to the economy. By 1959, the city of Houston had long outpaced Galveston in population and economic growth. Beginning in 1957, the Galveston Historical Foundation began its efforts to preserve historic buildings.[56] The 1966 book The Galveston That Was helped encourage the preservation movement. Restoration efforts financed by motivated investors, notably Houston businessman George P. Mitchell, gradually developed the Strand Historic District and reinvented other areas. A new, family-oriented tourism emerged in the city over many years.
In September 1961, Hurricane Carla struck the city, generating an F4 tornado that killed eight and injured 200.
With the 1960s came the expansion of higher education in Galveston. Already home to the University of Texas Medical Branch, the city got a boost in 1962 with the creation of the Texas Maritime Academy, predecessor of Texas A&M University at Galveston; and by 1967, a community college, Galveston College, had been established.[57]
In the 2000s, property values rose after expensive projects were completed,[58] and demand for second homes by the wealthy increased. It has made it difficult for middle-class workers to find affordable housing on the island.[59]
Hurricane Ike made landfall on Galveston Island in the early morning of September 13, 2008, as a category-2 hurricane with winds of 110 miles per hour. Damage was extensive to buildings along the seawall.[60]
After the storm, the island was rebuilt with investments in tourism and shipping, and continued emphasis on higher education and health care, notably the addition of the
Geography
The city of Galveston is situated on Galveston Island, a barrier island off the Texas Gulf coast near the mainland coast. Made up of mostly sand-sized particles and smaller amounts of finer mud sediments and larger gravel-sized sediments, the island is unstable, affected by water and weather, and can shift its boundaries through erosion.
The city is about 45 miles (72 km) southeast of downtown Houston.[63] The island is oriented generally northeast-southwest, with the Gulf of Mexico on the east and south, West Bay on the west, and Galveston Bay on the north. The island's main access point from the mainland is the Interstate Highway 45 causeway that crosses West Bay on the island's northeast side.
A deepwater channel connects Galveston's harbor with the Gulf and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 211.31 square miles (547.29 km2), of which 41.04 square miles (106.29 km2) are land and 170.27 square miles (441.00 km2), or 80.31%, are water.[4] The island is 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Houston.[64]
The western portion of Galveston is referred to as the "West End", roughly corresponding to the area west of the western end of the seawall. Communities in eastern Galveston (the area east of the western end of the seawall) include Havre Lafitte, Offats Bayou, Central City, Fort Crockett, Bayou Shore, Lasker Park, Carver Park, Kempner Park, Old City/Central Business District, San Jacinto, East End, and Lindale.
In 2011 Rice University released a study, "Atlas of Sustainable Strategies for Galveston Island", which argued the West End of Galveston was quickly eroding and the city should reduce construction and/or population in that area. It recommended against any rebuilding of the West End in the event of damage from another hurricane.[67]
Historic districts
Galveston is home to six historic districts with over 60 structures listed representing architectural significance in the National Register of Historic Places.
The
Oleander City
Since the early 20th century, Galveston has been popularly known as the 'Oleander City'
Architecture
Galveston contains a large and historically significant collection of 19th-century buildings in the United States. Galveston's architectural preservation and revitalization efforts over several decades have earned national recognition.[77][78]
Located in the Strand District, the Grand 1894 Opera House is a restored historic Romanesque Revival style Opera House that is currently operated as a not-for-profit performing arts theater.[79] The Bishop's Palace, also known as Gresham's Castle, is an ornate Victorian house located on Broadway and 14th Street in the East End Historic District of Galveston, Texas. The American Institute of Architects listed Bishop's Palace as one of the 100 most significant buildings in the United States, and the Library of Congress has classified it as one of the fourteen most representative Victorian structures in the nation.[80]
The
St. Joseph's Church was built by German immigrants in 1859–1860 and is the oldest wooden church building in Galveston and the oldest
Galveston's modern architecture include the American National Insurance Company Tower (One Moody Plaza), San Luis Resort South and North Towers, The Breakers Condominiums, The Galvestonian Resort and Condos, One Shearn Moody Plaza, US National Bank Building, the Rainforest Pyramid at Moody Gardens, John Sealy Hospital Towers at UTMB and Medical Arts Building (also known as Two Moody Plaza).
Climate
Galveston's climate is classified as
Climate data for Galveston, Texas (Scholes Int'l), 1991−2020 normals,[a] extremes 1871−present[b] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 81 (27) |
83 (28) |
89 (32) |
95 (35) |
94 (34) |
100 (38) |
101 (38) |
100 (38) |
104 (40) |
94 (34) |
85 (29) |
82 (28) |
104 (40) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 74.1 (23.4) |
75.8 (24.3) |
79.2 (26.2) |
83.9 (28.8) |
88.2 (31.2) |
92.5 (33.6) |
93.5 (34.2) |
95.6 (35.3) |
93.6 (34.2) |
88.1 (31.2) |
81.4 (27.4) |
76.5 (24.7) |
96.4 (35.8) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 63.2 (17.3) |
66.4 (19.1) |
72.0 (22.2) |
78.0 (25.6) |
84.0 (28.9) |
89.5 (31.9) |
91.3 (32.9) |
92.0 (33.3) |
88.7 (31.5) |
82.1 (27.8) |
72.4 (22.4) |
65.5 (18.6) |
78.8 (26.0) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 56.0 (13.3) |
59.3 (15.2) |
65.2 (18.4) |
71.5 (21.9) |
78.2 (25.7) |
82.8 (28.2) |
85.5 (29.7) |
85.9 (29.9) |
82.4 (28.0) |
75.3 (24.1) |
65.5 (18.6) |
58.5 (14.7) |
72.2 (22.3) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 48.9 (9.4) |
52.3 (11.3) |
58.4 (14.7) |
65.0 (18.3) |
72.4 (22.4) |
78.1 (25.6) |
79.7 (26.5) |
79.8 (26.6) |
76.1 (24.5) |
68.6 (20.3) |
58.7 (14.8) |
51.6 (10.9) |
65.8 (18.8) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 34.5 (1.4) |
39.0 (3.9) |
43.6 (6.4) |
51.6 (10.9) |
62.5 (16.9) |
71.1 (21.7) |
74.1 (23.4) |
74.1 (23.4) |
67.1 (19.5) |
53.7 (12.1) |
42.3 (5.7) |
37.1 (2.8) |
32.3 (0.2) |
Record low °F (°C) | 11 (−12) |
8 (−13) |
26 (−3) |
38 (3) |
50 (10) |
57 (14) |
66 (19) |
67 (19) |
52 (11) |
39 (4) |
26 (−3) |
14 (−10) |
8 (−13) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 4.30 (109) |
2.14 (54) |
3.02 (77) |
2.06 (52) |
3.04 (77) |
4.23 (107) |
3.41 (87) |
4.71 (120) |
6.65 (169) |
5.15 (131) |
4.28 (109) |
4.23 (107) |
47.22 (1,199) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.1 (0.25) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 9.4 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 5.8 | 5.2 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 9.6 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 9.7 | 95.1 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 145.0 | 163.4 | 209.0 | 225.5 | 265.7 | 298.5 | 309.0 | 280.4 | 237.9 | 237.2 | 176.9 | 150.5 | 2,699 |
Percent possible sunshine | 44 | 52 | 56 | 58 | 63 | 71 | 72 | 69 | 64 | 67 | 55 | 47 | 61 |
Source: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[96][101][102] |
Notes:
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said thread from 1991 to 2020, i.e. the COOP station from January 1981 to December 1996, and Scholes Int'l from January 1997 to December 2010.
- ^ Official records for Galveston were kept at an unknown location from April 1871 to August 1946, at the COOP station from September 1946 to December 1996, and at Scholes Int'l since January 1997. The temperature record dates back to June 1874. Therefore, precipitation day normals are not currently available at Scholes Int'l. For more information, see ThreadEx Archived May 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1850 | 4,177 | — | |
1860 | 7,307 | 74.9% | |
1870 | 13,818 | 89.1% | |
1880 | 22,248 | 61.0% | |
1890 | 29,084 | 30.7% | |
1900 | 37,789 | 29.9% | |
1910 | 36,981 | −2.1% | |
1920 | 44,255 | 19.7% | |
1930 | 52,938 | 19.6% | |
1940 | 60,862 | 15.0% | |
1950 | 66,568 | 9.4% | |
1960 | 67,175 | 0.9% | |
1970 | 61,809 | −8.0% | |
1980 | 61,902 | 0.2% | |
1990 | 59,070 | −4.6% | |
2000 | 57,247 | −3.1% | |
2010 | 47,743 | −16.6% | |
2020 | 53,695 | 12.5% | |
2022 (est.) | 53,089 | [7] | −1.1% |
U.S. Decennial Census[103] 2020 Census[6] |
2020 census
Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2010[104] | Pop 2020[105] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
21,500 | 25,386 | 45.03% | 47.28% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
8,895 | 8,785 | 18.63% | 16.36% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
205 | 187 | 0.43% | 0.35% |
Asian alone (NH) | 1,479 | 1,669 | 3.10% | 3.11% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 23 | 39 | 0.05% | 0.07% |
Some Other Race alone (NH) | 44 | 199 | 0.09% | 0.37% |
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 672 | 1,651 | 1.41% | 3.07% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 14,925 | 15,779 | 31.26% | 29.39% |
Total | 47,743 | 53,695 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 census, there were 53,695 people, 23,375 households, and 12,505 families residing in the city.[106] There were 34,259 housing units.
2010 census
As of the
In the city, the population was 23.4% under the age of 13, 11.3% from 13 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 88, and 13.7% who were 89 years of age or older in 2010. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 13 and over, there were 90.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $28,895, and the median income for a family was $35,049. Males had a median income of $30,150 versus $26,030 for females. The
Economy
Port of Galveston
The
The port also serves as a passenger cruise ship terminal for cruise ships operating in the Caribbean. The terminal was
Finance
American National Insurance Company, one of the largest life insurance companies in the United States, is based in Galveston. The company and its subsidiaries operate in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and American Samoa. Through its subsidiary, American National de México, Compañía de Seguros de Vida, it provides products and services in Mexico.[113][114] Moody National Bank, with headquarters in downtown Galveston, is one of the largest privately owned Texas-based banks. Its trust department, established in 1927, administers over 12 billion dollars in assets, one of the largest in the state.[115] In addition, the regional headquarters of Iowa-based United Fire & Casualty Company are located in the city.[116]
Tourism
In the late 1800s Galveston was known as the "Playground of the South"[117][118] Today, it still retains a shared claim to the title among major cities along the Gulf Coast states. Galveston is a popular tourist destination which in 2007 brought $808 million to the local economy and attracted 5.4 million visitors. The city features an array of lodging options, including hotels such as the historic Hotel Galvez and Tremont House, vintage bed and breakfast inns, and beachfront condominiums.
The city's tourist attractions include the
The Strand plays host to a yearly Mardi Gras festival, Galveston Island Jazz & Blues Festival and a Victorian-themed Christmas festival called Dickens on the Strand (honoring the works of novelist Charles Dickens, especially A Christmas Carol) in early December. Galveston is home to several historic ships: the tall ship Elissa (the official Tall Ship of Texas) at the Texas Seaport Museum and USS Cavalla and USS Stewart, both berthed at Seawolf Park on nearby Pelican Island. Galveston is ranked the number one cruise port on the Gulf Coast and fourth in the United States.[120]
The Galveston Summer Musicals was a professional summer stock theater company performing at Galveston's Moody Gardens. Prior to 2004, they performed at the Mary Moody Northen Amphitheater in West Galveston Island.[121]
Arts and culture
Galveston Arts Center
Incorporated in 1986, Galveston Arts Center (GAC) is a non-profit, non-collecting arts organization. The center exhibits contemporary art, often by Texas-based artists, and offers educational and outreach programs. Notably, GAC organizes and produces Galveston ArtWalk. Museum entry is free to the public.[122]
Galveston Arts Center is located in the historic 1878 First National Bank Building on the Strand. This Italianate-style 1900 Storm survivor was extensively damaged during Hurricane Ike in 2008, forcing the center to temporarily relocate to a nearby facility on Market Street. After a lengthy fundraising campaign,[123] the total restoration of the original building was completed and Galveston Arts Center returned to the Strand in 2015.[124]
Galveston ArtWalk
ArtWalk takes place approximately every six weeks on Saturday evenings throughout the year. ArtWalk is organized by Galveston Arts Center, which releases an ArtWalk brochure featuring a map of participating venues as well as descriptions of shows and exhibits. Venues include GAC, Galveston Artist Residency and artist's studios and galleries. Additionally, art is shown in "other walls"—for example MOD Coffeehouse or Mosquito Cafe—or outdoors at Art Market on Market Street. Musicians perform outdoors and at venues such as the Proletariat Gallery & Public House or Old Quarter Acoustic Cafe. While most ArtWalk events are concentrated downtown, there are a number or participants elsewhere on the island.[125]
Music and performing arts
Galveston Symphony Orchestra
Galveston is home to the Galveston Symphony Orchestra, an ensemble of amateur and professional musicians formed in 1979 under the direction of Richard W. Pickar, Musical Director-Conductor.[126]
Galveston Ballet
The Galveston Ballet is a regional pre-professional ballet company and academy serving Galveston county.[127] The company presents one full-length classical ballet in the spring of each year and one mixed repertory program in the fall, both presented at the Grand 1894 Opera House.
Artist Residency and artist housing
Galveston Artist Residency
Galveston Artist Residency (GAR) grants studio space, living space and a stipend to three visual artists each year. Resident artists work in a variety of mediums and exhibit their work in the GAR Gallery and Courtyards. Located in renovated industrial structures on the west side of downtown, GAR also hosts performances and other public events.[128]
The National Hotel Artist Lofts
The National Hotel Artist Lofts (NHAL) is an Artspace Projects developed property featuring twenty-seven live/work units designated as affordable housing for artists.[129] The project brought new life to the historic E.S. Levy Building, which was left abandoned for twenty years. Originally built as the Tremont Opera House in 1870, the structure was extensively renovated to serve various functions, from offices and stores to the National Hotel. The building also housed the U.S. National Weather Bureau's Galveston office under Isaac Cline during the 1900 Storm.[130]
Under Property Manager/Creative Director Becky Major, the unused retail space in the front of the building found a new purpose as a DIY art and music venue, despite its gutted and undeveloped state. In May 2015, the newly renovated space reopened as the Proletariat Gallery & Public House. This bar and gallery provides a common area for NHAL and neighborhood residents and a cultural hub for the broader community. Visual art, events and live music are regularly hosted in the space.[citation needed]
Sculpture
Notable statues and sculptures in Galveston include:
- 1900 Storm Memorial, by David W. Moore
- Birth, by Arthur Williams
- Dignified Resignation by Louis Amateis at the Galveston County Courthouse. With his back turned to the US flag while carrying a Confederate flag, it is the only memorial in Texas to feature a Confederate sailor.[131]
- Dolphins by David W. Moore
- High Tide, by Charles Parks
- Jack Johnson, by Adrienne Isom
- Pink Dolphin Monument, by Joe Joe Orangias
- Texas Heroes Monument, by Louis Amateis
- Hope, by Doug McLean
Government
City government
After the hurricane of 1900, the city originated the city commission form of
The city council and mayor promote ordinances to establish municipal policies. The Galveston City Council consists of six elected positions, each derived from a specified
County, state, and federal government
Galveston is the seat and second-largest city (after League City) of Galveston County in population.[132] The Galveston County Justice Center, which houses all the county's judicial functions as well as jail, is located on 59th street. The Galveston County Administrative Courthouse, the seat of civil and administrative functions, is located near the city's downtown.[133] Galveston is within the County Precinct 1; as of 2008[update] Patrick Doyle serves as the Commissioner of Precinct 1.[134]
The Galveston County Sheriff's Office operates its law enforcement headquarters and jail from the Justice Center.[135][136] The Galveston County Department of Parks and Senior Services operates the Galveston Community Center.[137] Galveston is located in District 23 of the Texas House of Representatives. As of 2021[update], Mayes Middleton represents the district.[138] Most of Galveston is within District 17 of the Texas Senate; as of 2008[update] Joan Huffman represents the district.[139] A portion of Galveston is within District 11 of the Texas Senate; as of 2021[update] Larry Taylor represents the district.[140] Galveston is in Texas's 14th congressional district and is represented by Republican Randy Weber as of 2012[update].
Education
Colleges and universities
Established in 1891 with one building and fewer than 50 students, today the
Galveston is home to two post-secondary institutions offering traditional degrees in higher education. Galveston College, a junior college that opened in 1967, and Texas A&M University at Galveston, an ocean-oriented branch campus of Texas A&M University.[143]
Primary and secondary schools
The city of Galveston is served by
Several private schools exist in Galveston. The
-
Galveston Independent School District Administration Building
-
Central Middle School, formerly Central High School
Media
The
Infrastructure
Healthcare
Galveston is the home of several of the largest
Ike severely damaged the 550-bed
In 2011, the UT Board of Regents approved the construction of a new 13 story hospital that will be located next to John Sealy Hospital. Construction will begin in the fall of 2011, with the demolition of the old Jennie Sealy and Shriners hospitals, and continue until completion in 2016. The facility will have 250 room, 20 operating suites and 54 intensive care beds. When the new hospital is complete, along with the renovations at John Sealy, both complexes will have around 600 beds.[153]
The university reopened their
The city is also home to a 30-bed
Fire department
The Galveston Fire Department provides
for more than 165 years. Over 170 authorized officers serve in three divisions.Library
The city is served by the
Courts
The Galveston Division of the
Transportation
Sea
Galveston is home to several historic ships: the tall ship Elissa (the official Tall Ship of Texas) at the Texas Seaport Museum and USS Cavalla and USS Stewart, both berthed at Seawolf Park on nearby Pelican Island. Galveston is ranked the number one cruise port on the Gulf Coast and fourth in the United States.
Air
Scholes International Airport at Galveston (IATA: GLS, ICAO: KGLS) is a two-runway airport in Galveston; the airport is primarily used for general aviation, offshore energy transportation, and some limited military operations. The nearest commercial airline service for the city is operated out of Houston through William P. Hobby Airport and George Bush Intercontinental Airport. The University of Texas Medical Branch has two heliports, one for Ewing Hall and one for its emergency room.
Railroad
The
The city last had direct intercity
Roads
John D. Groesbeck surveyed and mapped the town in 1837 and 1838 on behalf of the Galveston City Company. A new Galveston resident most recently from New York City, he laid out the streets based on a gridiron, and named the east–west avenues according to letters of the alphabet, with Avenue A running along the back bay on the north side of the island. He assigned numbers to names of north–south streets, with First Street on the far eastern side of the grid, and the numbered street names increased as they progressed westward. The names of some of the avenues changed over the years. Most notably, Avenue B became known as The Strand, and Avenue J became known as Broadway, a major thoroughfare which runs from the Interstate-45 viaduct to Seawall Boulevard.[169]
Transit
Sports
Galveston was home to
Notable people
Galveston has been home to many important figures in Texas and U.S. history. During the island's earliest history it became the domain of
British playwright and actor
During the first half of the 20th century, William L. Moody Jr. established a business empire, which includes American National Insurance Company, a major national insurer, and founded the Moody Foundation, one of the largest charitable organizations in the United States.[183] Sam Maceo, a nationally known organized crime boss, with the help of his family, was largely responsible for making Galveston a major U.S. tourist destination from the 1920s to the 1940s.[46] Grammy-award-winning singer-songwriter Barry White was born on the island and later moved to Los Angeles.[184]
Anita Martini, pioneering female sports journalist who was the first woman allowed in a major league locker room for a post-game press conference, was born in Galveston.[186] Surfer Dorian "Doc" Paskowitz was born in Galveston.[187]
Professional baseball pitcher Sig Jakucki made Galveston his home after joining the Galveston Buccaneers in 1934. He is best remembered for defeating the New York Yankees in the final game of the 1944 MLB season, giving the St. Louis Browns their only pennant.[188] Terran Petteway, a basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League, was born in Galveston.
More recently
Kay Bailey Hutchison was the senior senator from Texas and the first female Texas senator.[190]
Other notable people include
Galveston in media and literature
- "Galveston" is the name of a popular song written by Jimmy Webb and sung by Glen Campbell.
- 4 for Texas (1963), a motion picture set in Galveston.
- Sheldon Cooper, one of the main characters from the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory, was born in Galveston.[203]
- The Walter M. Miller Jr. novella Dark Benediction (1951) takes place partly in Galveston during the outbreak of a mysterious plague.
- Donald Barthelme's 1974 short story "I bought a little city" is about an unnamed man who invests his fortune in buying Galveston, only to sell it thereafter.[204]
- Galveston is the primary setting and filming location for the 1989 film, Night Game (film)
- Galveston is the setting of World Fantasy Award for Best Novel. It also won the 2001 Sunburst Award and was a preliminary nominee for the Nebula Award for Best Novel.
- The Drowning House, a novel by Elizabeth Black (2013), is an exploration of the island of Galveston, Texas, and the intertwined histories of two families who reside there.[205]
- Galveston (2010) is the first novel by Nic Pizzolatto, the creator of the HBO series True Detective.
- The Jinx (2015), an HBO miniseries, features Galveston as the location of one of Robert Durst's murders which took place in 2001.
- In the 2016 survival, horror film, The Shallows, directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and starring Blake Lively, Galveston was set as the main character's hometown and is shown at the film's conclusion.
- Magnolia Network's programming includes Restoring Galveston (formerly known as Big Texas Fix) which shows local Galveston homes being restored and remodeled.[206]
Sister cities
Galveston's sister cities are:[207]
- Macharaviaya, Spain
- Niigata, Japan
- Stavanger, Norway
- Veracruz, Mexico
See also
- Galveston Movement
- History of the Jews in Galveston, Texas
- Juneteenth
- Isaac's Storm
- USS Galveston, 2 ships
Notes
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- ^ Ramirez, Sonia (August 24, 2020). "DIY's breakout hit 'Restoring Galveston' is back for season 2 with new name and more homes to update". Chron. Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
- ^ "Sister Cities". City of Galveston. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
References
- Larson, Erik. Isaac's Storm, New York: Vintage Books, 2000.
- Hardwick, Susan Wiley (2002). ISBN 0-8018-6887-4. 7799766866800-08 - read online, registration required
- Robinson, Willard B. (1981). Gone from Texas: Our Lost Architectural Heritage. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-89096-106-9.