Garfield High School (California)
James A. Garfield High School | |
---|---|
Public | |
Motto | "A clear head, a true heart, a strong arm" |
Established | 1925 |
School district | Los Angeles Unified School District |
Principal | Andres Favela |
Staff | 108.33 (FTE)[1] |
Grades | 9–12 |
Enrollment | 2,531 (2017–20)[1] |
Student to teacher ratio | 23.1[1] |
Color(s) | White, Blue, & Crimson |
Nickname | Bulldogs |
Rivals | Roosevelt High School[2] |
Website | garfieldhs |
James A. Garfield High School is a year-round public high school founded in 1925 in
As of 2020, Garfield is one of the 254
Garfield High School gained recognition through the film "Stand and Deliver," which tells the story of teacher Jaime Escalante, and the HBO film "Walkout." The school also hosts the annual homecoming football game known as the East LA Classic, a tradition dating back to 1925.
History
James A. Garfield High School opened in September 1925 on land that was formerly used for agriculture, offering education for students in grades 7th through 12th. The school operated as a six-year institution, allowing students to earn two diplomas: one from Garfield Junior High School after completing the 9th grade, and another from Garfield Senior High School.
In 1926, uniforms were required for girls only, consisting of a navy blue
By the late 1930s, Garfield became overcrowded, leading to the construction of a new Junior High School for grades 7 through 9. This new school was Kern Avenue Junior High School, located on Fourth Street and Kern Avenue, which is now known as Griffith STEAM Magnet Middle School.[4]
The Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) appointed architect George M. Lindsay to design the original
In the 1950s and 60s, new classroom buildings were added, along with a library featuring a multistory arcade, guided by the New Formalism architectural style in the 1970s.[5]
During World War II, students from James A. Garfield High School worked at Lockheed and Douglas aircraft plants on war-related machining and assembly projects to support the war effort, earning school credit and pay. The efforts and details about the program at Garfield High School were featured in a film created for Army and Navy servicemen and women in 1944 by the "Army–Navy Screen Magazine." In addition to their contributions to the military, dozens of Garfield students and Japanese-descendant graduates were relocated to internment camps.[6]
At the end of World War II, the need for another city college became evident due to the large number of returning servicemen. During the 1940s, Los Angeles City College (LACC) was the sole city college, but limited and costly transportation made it difficult for many students to attend LACC. Meanwhile, the Eastside was rapidly developing into an industrial center.
To address this need, Arthur Baum, editor of the East Los Angeles Tribune, led a citizens' committee composed of presidents of various clubs and organizations in the community. They collaborated with Principal D. Raymond Brothers of Garfield, County Supervisor Smith, Superintendent Kersey, and several industrial leaders. This group presented the proposition of establishing a Junior College to the Los Angeles City Board of Education in a special meeting on March 1, 1945. The Los Angeles Board of Education voted to establish a Junior College on the Garfield High School campus, which would become East Los Angeles College (ELAC). ELAC became the second city college (or junior college) in the Los Angeles area.
Formally established by the Los Angeles City Board of Education in June 1945, East Los Angeles College opened for classes on September 4, 1945. It initially operated on the Garfield High School campus with 373 students and a faculty of nineteen, although the school board had authorized a faculty of 25, selected from the LACC faculty. Of these students, 107 attended college classes at Garfield, while 266 pursued health careers, primarily nursing, at L.A. County Hospital. The junior college was part of the Los Angeles City Public Schools (now part of the L.A. Unified School District).[7]
The college relocated to its current 82-acre site on Avenida
It remained part of the Los Angeles City High School District until 1961 when it merged into LAUSD[8]
Garfield High School was one of the five schools that initiated
In 2018, Garfield High School and the five Walkout schools were included on America's 11 Most Endangered Historic Places list by the National Trust for Historic Preservation."[9]
Principal | |
---|---|
Rosco C. Ingalls | First |
Reginald Murphy | During walkouts[10] |
Andres Favela | Present |
Campus
"On May 20, 2007, the auditorium was completely destroyed when an arsonist set fire to the 82-year-old building.[11] A benefit concert, in collaboration with Los Lobos,[citation needed] was held, and a donation was provided by boxer Oscar De La Hoya.[citation needed]
The Los Angeles Unified School District contends that the 1925 auditorium needs to be rebuilt from the ground up to meet state building codes. However, nine insurers insist that the walls are salvageable and could support a new building, according to district officials.[citation needed]
The main administration building at Garfield, which is attached to the auditorium, must be retrofitted to meet earthquake standards. Officials have not yet determined the extent of demolition required."[12]
On March 31, 2010, a day after the death of Jaime Escalante, the Los Angeles Unified School District announced that the new auditorium under construction at Garfield High would be named in his honor.
On April 1, a
A wake in memory of Jaime Escalante was held on April 17, 2010, in the lecture hall where he taught calculus.[14]
In July 2010, during the school's first summer vacation since 1991, the Administration Building and the remnants of the original Auditorium were demolished.[15] By the beginning of the school year in September, the entire building had been leveled, leaving only a small power plant from the original structure. The school's 300 building is the last remaining structure that dates back to its opening in 1925.
On April 5, 2014, officials from the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) cut the ribbon for Garfield High's Auditorium project.[16] This new facility features state-of-the-art upgrades and the newly created Jaime Escalante Memorial Plaza.
The school is renowned for its murals. In 2006, several murals were removed due to structural damage.[17]
Demographics
Ethnic Breakdown | 2022 [18] | 2021 [19] | 2020 [20] | 2019 |
---|---|---|---|---|
American Indian/Alaskan Native | Null | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
Hispanic and Latino American
|
98.6% | 99% | 99% | 99% |
Black
|
0.6% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.4% |
Asian American
|
0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.3% |
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
|
Null | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
White | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.4% |
Multiracial Americans | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Female | 49% | 50% | 48% | 50% |
Male | 51% | 50% | 52% | 50% |
In 2021, Garfield had 104 full-time teachers serving approximately 2,569 students in grades nine through twelve, resulting in a student-teacher ratio of 25:1. The previous year, in 2020, there were 108 full-time teachers serving about 2,531 students, with a student-teacher ratio of 23:1.[21] In 2019, Garfield served around 2,531 students with a student-teacher ratio of 25:1 and employed 101 full-time teachers.
From the 1930s through the 1950s, Garfield High was predominantly
Year-Round Calendar
Garfield was on a year-round, multi-track schedule from July 1991 to June 2010. Initially, there were four tracks (A, B, C, and D), and students were randomly assigned to one of three tracks with alternating two-month vacations. As a result, only three-quarters of the student body were on campus at any given time. In 2010, the school announced that due to the opening of the new Esteban Esteban Torres High School, it would revert to a traditional August–June calendar starting in August 2010.
Academics
Prior to Henry Gradillas' tenure as principal in the 1980s, the average reading level of 10th-grade students (sophomores) was equivalent to that of a student in the second month of the fifth grade, which corresponds to a 5.2 level.[23] Before Gradillas's term, the total number of AP tests taken at Garfield each year was 56.
During Gradillas's term, the average reading level of 12th-grade students (seniors) reached the tenth-grade level, and the annual number of AP tests increased to 357.[24] This increase in the reading level was attributed to the introduction of required reading and remedial English courses for students who were at least three grade levels behind, as well as the implementation of a reading laboratory.[25]
US News Rankings
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|
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Small Learning Communities (SLCs)
At Garfield, there are
SLCs were introduced to LAUSD around 2005 as part of an effort to combat the issue of students dropping out of school.[27]
Advanced Placement
Garfield gained renown primarily due to
By 1987, 73 students had passed the exam, with another 12 passing the second-year calculus test. The events of 1982 were later immortalized in the popular film "
However, in 1991, a dispute with the school administration led to Escalante's departure from the Garfield school system. This resulted in a decline in the number of students passing the calculus exams. By 1996, only seven students passed the basic calculus exam, with four succeeding in the advanced exam. This marked a significant drop from the high of 87 passing students nine years earlier. In 2001, the school showed a slight recovery in its calculus scores, with 17 students passing the basic test and seven passing the second-year test.[29]
In 2004, Newsweek ranked Garfield as the 581st top high school in the nation. This ranking was based on the number of Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate tests taken by all students at the school in 2004, divided by the number of graduating seniors."[30]
Student performance
In 2005, Garfield achieved the highest number of combined Latino/Chicano and African-American student admissions to the University of California, Berkeley, (UC Berkeley) as reported by the Assistant Vice Chancellor for Admissions and Enrollment at UC Berkeley, Richard Black.[31]
Sports
American Football
Garfield High School participates in the "
Other sports
In addition to the football team, other sports also play significant roles in the annual classic, including the
Notable alumni
Listed in alphabetical order by last name:
- Richard Alatorre (born 1943), member of the California State Assembly and the Los Angeles City Council.
- Carlos Almaraz (1941–1989), Chicano painter, Garfield High School class of 1959.[35]
- California Supreme Court.
- J. Jon Bruno (1946–2021), Episcopal Bishop of Los Angeles.
- Oscar De La Hoya (born 1973), former world champion and gold medal-winning boxer and founder of Golden Boy Promotions.[36]
- Ken Davitian (born 1953), film and television actor, co-star of 2006’s Borat.[37]
- Alexander Gonzalez (born 1946), President at California State University, Sacramento.
- Antonia Hernandez(born 1948), philanthropist, attorney, and activist.
- Ricardo Lara (born 1974), California Insurance Commissioner and first LGBT statewide elected leader in California history.[38]
- Grammy Award-winning Chicano rock band, the alumni members include:[39]
- David Hidalgo (born 1954),[39]
- Conrad Lozano (born 1951),[39]
- Louie Pérez (born 1953),[39]
- Cesar Rosas (born 1954).[39]
- Ned Arnel "Carlos" Mencía (born 1967), comedian, writer, and actor.[40]
- Richard Polanco (born 1951), former California State Senate Majority leader and member of the California State Assembly.
- George Ramos (1947–2011) Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist for the Los Angeles Times.
- UNESCO.[41]
- Maria Helena Viramontes (born 1954), writer and professor of English at Cornell University.[42]
- Sergio Valdez and Thomas Valdez (1991 Alumni) both employed at materials engineering[43]
See also
- High School - World War II war jobs for students - YouTube pictures of Garfield High School students constructing the Lockheed P-38 Lightning.
- Army–Navy Screen Magazine - Series which was shown to the American soldiers around the world during World War II.
- HBO film based on a true story of the 1968 East L.A. walkouts.
- Stand and Deliver - The film was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2011.
- The Classic - Film about the Garfields homecoming football game won the 2017 storytelling award from the LA Film Festival.[44]
References
- Jesness, Jerry (coauthor). "Preface." Gradillas, Henry and Jerry Jesness. Standing and Delivering: What the Movie Didn't Tell (New Frontiers in Education). ISBN 1607099438, 9781607099437.
Notes
- ^ a b c "James A. Garfield Senior High". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- ^ Mario Villegas , A 'Classic' for many reasons, ESPN Los Angeles, November 4, 2010
- ^ a b c "usnews". Retrieved December 15, 2020.
- ^ "Garfield Junior High School Comes to a Close". James A Garfield Senior High School.
- ^ a b "Garfield High School History". laconservancy.org. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
- ^ "Army-Navy Screen Magazine [Youth Power] | C-SPAN.org".
- ^ "South Gate Campus". garfieldhs.org/. JAMES A. GARFIELD SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- ^ "Los Angeles City School District". Los Angeles Unified School District. Archived from the original on February 7, 1998. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
- ^ "Discover America's 11 Most Endangered Historic Places for 2018". savingplaces.org. June 26, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
- ^ "Garfield High School significance". savingplaces.org. June 26, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
- ^ Khalil, Ashraf (May 21, 2007). "Fire destroys auditorium at Garfield High". The Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Rivera, Carla (September 28, 2009). "Insurance dispute takes center stage in auditorium drama". The Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "Garfield High pays tribute to Jaime Escalante". Los Angeles Times. April 1, 2010.
- ^ Leovy, Jill (April 17, 2010). "Honoring a legendary teacher and his legacy". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "Garfield High School History". savingplaces.org. June 26, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
- ^ "LAUSD OFFICIALS CUT THE RIBBON ON GARFIELD HIGH'S AUDITORIUM PROJECT". achieve.lausd.net. April 5, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
- ^ Landsberg, Mitchell. "Murals Get Brushoff at Garfield." Los Angeles Times. February 27, 2006. Retrieved on March 29, 2014.
- ^ https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/california/districts/los-angeles-unified-school-district/james-a-garfield-senior-high-2541title=usnews. Retrieved November 21, 2022.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - ^ "usnews". Retrieved September 20, 2021.
- ^ "usnews". Retrieved December 16, 2020.
- ^ a b "usnews". Retrieved July 27, 2019.
- ^ Robertson, Tatasha (May 17, 2004). "In school, Latinos find fewer resources, ethnic isolation". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on March 17, 2005.
- ^ Jessness, p. ix.
- ^ Jessness, p. x.
- ^ Jessness, p. ix-x.
- ^ "SLCs." Garfield High School. Retrieved on April 14, 2016.
- ^ DiMassa, Cara Mia. "Schools' Dropout Remedy: Get Small." Los Angeles Times. March 26, 2005. Retrieved on April 14, 2016.
- ^ Jesness, Jerry (July 2002). "Stand and Deliver Revisited". Reason. Reason Foundation. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
- ^ Jerry Jesness (July 2002). "Stand and Deliver Revisited". Reason. Archived from the original on February 3, 2005.
- ^ Mathews, Jay (2004). "The Complete List of the 1,000 Top U.S. Schools". Newsweek. May 16, 2004 issue. Archived from the original on November 30, 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-02.
- ^ Landsberg, Mitchell. "This King/Drew, a Magnet School, Is a Robust Success." Los Angeles Times. April 27, 2005. p. 1. Retrieved on April 16, 2014.
- ^ NFLHS.COM – State Stories Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lavin, Enrique. "Best Friends--Until Friday : Garfield's Ramirez and Roosevelt's Gallegos Will Play in East L.A. Classic." Los Angeles Times. October 30, 1994. Retrieved on April 14, 2016.
- ^ "Athletics Events." Garfield High School. Retrieved on April 14, 2016. The drop-down menu under "Athletics" lists the sports at Garfield High School.
- ^ Wilson, William (June 27, 1992). "The Troubled Gift of Carlos Almaraz : Art: LACMA is showing the work of the late Chicano artist who was torn between social activism and the urge for individual artistic freedom". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
- Daily News. May 2, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
- ^ "Less recognizable with clothes". Los Angeles Times. February 25, 2007. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
- ^ "First LGBT statewide leader". Los Angeles Blade. January 9, 2019. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e "Happy Birthday: David Hidalgo of Los Lobos". Rhino Entertainment. October 6, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
- ^ name=Riverafire1>Rivera, Carla. "East L.A.'s loss is personal." Los Angeles Times. May 22, 2007. p. 1.
- ^ "TORRES, Esteban Edward". US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
- ^ "Helena Viramontes, Professor, Graduate Faculty Member". cornell.edu. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
- ^ "To Inspire, Be Inspired". ABCnews. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ^ "The Classic wins storytelling award from LA Film Festival".